| EPE 2003 - Topic 03a: Soft Switching Converters (Resonant, ZVS, ZCS) |
| You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 03: POWER ELECTRONICS CONVERTER CIRCUITS > EPE 2003 - Topic 03a: Soft Switching Converters (Resonant, ZVS, ZCS) |
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 | A microcontroller-based UV-lamp electronic ballast for efficient ozone generation
By J. M. Alonso; J. Ribas; J. García; J. Cardesín; M. Rico-Secades; J. Losada | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper the design and implementation of an electronic ballast for UV lamps using a very low
cost microcontroller (mC) is presented. The mC is used to optimize the lamp ignition and supply, allowing
the control and regulation of lamp power. Also, protection features such as overcurrent, undervoltage
and overtemperature are included using the mC. The electronic ballast can drive lamps up
to 40W which are employed to generate ozone in water disinfection processes.
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| | 800 W, 16 MHz laboratory class E inverter
By Z. Kaczmarczyk; B. Grzesik | [View]
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Abstract: The paper describes the design and performance of a high-efficient, 800W, 16MHz Class E inverter
without an external shunt capacitor. The inverter is built employing a DE-SERIES MOSFET
and a gate driver from Directed Energy, Inc. (DEI). Inverter design and inverter performance
characteristics are presented and compared to the results obtained from SPICE simulation. A slightly
different configuration, Class EF inverter, is analysed as an example of possibility for improvement of
the Class E inverter performance.
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| | Analysis and control of an improved soft switching FB-PWM converter with extended line and load range regulation
By H. Farzaneh Fard; B. Honarjoo; R. Motahari; R. Pouraghababa | [View]
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Abstract: IGBTs are replacing MOSFETs because of their higher power density and lower
conduction losses in high power switching converters. To reduce IGBT switching losses due
to its tailing current characteristics, ZVZCS-FB-PWM converters are introduced. In this
paper, most important ZVZCS techniques in PWM converters are compared and an improved
ZVZCS converter with a new control strategy is presented which provides the soft switching
for extended variations of load and input voltage. A selected ZVZCS and the proposed
improved converter are implemented at 3kW, 30kHz. The experimental results justify the
simulation waveforms.
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| | A new concept to obtain soft switching in DC-DC converters: The use of DC-link input and output filters
By D. Sadarnac; K. Louati; W. Abida; C. Karimi | [View]
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Abstract: A new concept of soft switching is presented in this paper. This concept is related to the
main topologies of DC-DC converters and is based on a specific design of input and output filters that
do not entail the use of any other component. It is applicable to all types of converters (buck, boost,
buck-boost...) with or without galvanic isolation. The characteristics and possible applications of such
converters are highlighted.
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| | Test platform for resonant converters
By A. P. Van den Bossche; T. Filchev; V. Valchev; D. Yudov | [View]
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Abstract: A test platform for MOSFET bridge topologies of about 2kVA/leg and wide frequency range is
developed and experimented. The applications of the platform are for developing power converter
resonant circuits and testing magnetic components. The circuit uses IGBT transistors to avoid current
flowing in the freewheel diodes of the MOSFETs in order to provide high frequency hard switching
operation. The IGBTs are also used for current protection. The advantages of the platform are the high
operating frequency at improved switching conditions and the reliable active protection.
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| | Zero voltage zero current converter for electrical bike using a 230V series motor
By A. P. Van den Bossche; K. De Gussemé; J. A. Melkebeek | [View]
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Abstract: Universal motors are still often applied in consumer apparatus. The main reasons are low cost and low
weight, which make these motors also attractive for an electrically assisted bicycle. In order to
evaluate the use of universal motors for this application, a soft switching converter was designed to
supply these high voltage motors, starting from a 24V battery. This paper describes the operation of
this converter type, and shows some experimental results. In the second part of the paper, the
implementation of the converter on an electrically assisted bicycle is described.
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| | Comparative study and analysis of AC-side soft commutated PWM three-phase converters
By A. Radan | [View]
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Abstract: The numerous auxiliary resonant circuits introduced in the published works for soft commutation of
phase currents in conventional three phase converters are categorized into DC-Side and AC-Side types
and compared with each other. The AC-Side types are well investigated, analysed and compared
regarding their switching losses in this paper. The results of an analytical comparion show that the
Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Converter is the best candidate for high power high frequency
applications.
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| | Effect of transition duration of ZVT on reduction of DC-bus utilization in ZVS converters
By A. Radan | [View]
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Abstract: The "Per Switching Cycle Volt-Second Balance" of Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is disturbed by
the duration of polarity variation of phase voltages becoming longer in soft switching converters. The
phase voltages of a ZVS converter vary during the zero voltage transition in a sinus fashion. This
causes the converter not to generate the voltage vector requested by the SVM modulator. This effect
results in a reduction in the DC-Bus utilization of soft switching converters compared to their hard
switching counterpart. This paper investigates this object analytically and shows the reduction of the
DC-Bus utilization for two common types of ZVS converters by simulation results. This paper also
proposes a method for compensating the reduction of DC-Bus Utilization. The effectiveness of the
proposed method is also confirmed by simulation results.
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| | Auxiliary resonant commutated snubber-assisted PWM inverter and its application to X-ray high voltage generator
By T. Domoto; S. Hishikawa; M. Nakaoka | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents two practical issues on the soft-switching PWM full
bridge inverter-fed DC-DC converter with active auxiliary edge-resonant bridge-leg
commutation snubbers. Firstly, its switching losses in experiment are evaluated on the
basis of turn-off current of its main power semiconductor switching devices (IGBTs). In
the active auxiliary edge resonant commutation snubber-assisted soft-switching PWM
inverter type DC-DC converter with high voltage transformer link, it is necessary to
optimize current waveforms flowing through each auxiliary edge resonant inductors in
series with bidirectional active power switch. Secondly, the active auxiliary edge resonant
commutation snubber-assisted soft-switching inverter with surge voltage clamping diodes
is proposed in this paper. The surge voltage clamping diode treated here has special effect
to protect the bidirectional active power switches from spike surge voltage caused by
energy stored in auxiliary inductor inductance and parasitic wiring inductances. Finally,
the overall performances of the proposed auxiliary resonant commutation snubber-assisted
soft-switching PWM inverter using IGBTs is demonstrated and this inverter effectiveness
is proven from an experimental point of view on the basis of its specific implementation applying for 60kW medical use X-ray high-voltage generator.
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| | Voltage fed full-bridge ZCS-PWM inverter applied for induction heating
By D. Yoshida; H. Kifune; Y. Hatanaka | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a novel Voltage-Fed Full-Bridge Zero Current Switching (ZCS) PWM High Frequency
Inverter (ZCS PWM HF-INV) applied for induction heating is proposed. This circuit utilizes an overlapping
commutation phenomenon which provides ZCS operation for all switching devices. New power control method
of constant frequency power control (CFPC) on the basis of novel phase shift control is investigated. The theory
of CFPC on power control range is inspected by simulation and verified experimentally. CFPC method in high
frequency induction heating is successfully applied for a heavy fuel oil recover system in sunken ship.
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| | Observer based feedback control of 3rd order LCC resonant converters
By M. P. Foster; C. M. Bingham; D. A. Stone; H. I. Sewell. | [View]
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Abstract: The paper considers specific issues related to the design and realisation of observer-based feedback of
isolated output voltage for resonant power converters. To provide a focus to the study, a 3rd order
LCC converter is employed as a candidate topology. It is shown that whilst resonant converters
nominally operate at high switching frequencies to facilitate the use of small reactive components, by
appropriate pre-conditioning of non-isolated resonant-tank voltages and currents, the resulting
observer can be implemented at relatively low sampling frequencies, and hence, take advantage of
low-cost digital hardware.
Experimental results are used to demonstrate the accuracy of observer estimates under both transient
and steady-state operating conditions, and to show operation of the observer as part of a closed-loop
feedback system where the LCC resonant converter is used as a regulated power supply.
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| | Impact of IGBT device on soft switching DC/DC converter realization
By J.P. Lavieville; G. Perret-Gentil; J.P. Spriet | [View]
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Abstract: For traction applications, the 750 V DC-line imposes the 1700 V IGBT module. IGBT's operated
under zero voltage switching scheme exhibits significantly different operating characteristics from
specified parameters in manufactured data sheet.
This paper presents the analysis of the losses in DC-DC soft switching converter and the impact on
realisation. A detailed design of a 150 kVA DC-DC converter is used as an industrial example.
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| | The ZVS, quasi-ZCS converters, a family of topologies with an optimal current waveform for high frequency switching
By M. Pavlovsky; S.W.H. de Haan; J.A. Ferreira | [View]
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Abstract: An optimal current waveform for high frequency switching is proposed. This waveform combines
Quasi-ZCS with reduced voltage during a turn-off of a switch, and ZVS at a turn-on of a switch. This
results to a substantial reduction of a converter switching loss and hence improves the efficiency. A
number of topologies that belong to the family of ZVS, Quasi-ZCS converters is identified and
investigated with respect to the proposed waveform. As part of the family, new output filter resonant
topology is introduced. Based on simulations, the proposed topologies are compared amongst each
other. Case studies are presented with emphasis on converter efficiency.
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| | A new active clamping non-dissipative snubber for ZVS PWM current-fed half-bridge converters
By S-K. Han; H-K. Yoon; G-W. Moon; M-J. Youn; Y-H. Kim | [View]
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Abstract: A new active clamping snubber (ACS) for a ZVS PWM current-fed half-bridge converter (CFHB) is
proposed in this paper. It can not only absorb the voltage surge across the turn-off switch, but also
achieve the ZVS of all power switches. Moreover, it can be applied to all current-fed converter
topologies and its operation as well as structure is very simple. Since the auxiliary switches in the
snubber circuit are switched in a complementary way to the main switches, an additional PWM IC is
not necessary. Therefore, it can ensure the higher operating frequency, smaller-sized reactive
components, lower cost of production, easier implementation, and higher efficiency. The operational
principle, theoretical analysis, and design considerations are presented. To confirm the operation,
validity, and features of the proposed circuit, experimental results from a 200W, 24-200Vdc prototype
are presented.
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| | Large signal models of ZVS class E² resonant conveters
By A. Balestrino; A. Landi; L. Sani | [View]
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Abstract: This paper proposes a simple and systematic procedure for identifying averaged large-signal models of resonant converters. The nonlinear behaviour of the converter is modelled via Hammerstein models, i.e., the model is represented by a static nonlinearity, followed by a linear transfer function. The parameters of the approximating structure are identified from input-output noisy data, with the application of modulating functions method. PSpice simulations and experimental tests are run for an exhaustive and accurate validation of the proposed methodology. A relevant result is that the technique allows an easy modelling in the critical case of resonant converters, where traditional averaging techniques fail.
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| | Reduction of capacitive losses in ZVT power converters
By E. Dallago; A. Danioni; G. Sassone | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, the operation of Zero
Voltage Transition (ZVT) power converters is
studied by taking into account auxiliary device
parasitic capacitance. An improved auxiliary
network based on introducing two small diodes
is proposed to reduce capacitive losses. The idea
was evaluated on a breadboard prototype
switched at 1.4 MHz frequency. An efficiency
improvement from 5 to 25% was achieved over
the full load range.
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| | Digital controller for a transformer-assisted PWM ZVS pole inverter
By J. M. A. Myrzik; J. L. Duarte; J. Visser; P. de Haardt | [View]
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Abstract: An application of the transformer-assisted PWM zero-voltage switching pole inverter (TRAP) is described in this paper. The TRAP is based on the auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter (ARCP), but avoids its disadvantages. This paper describes the converter applicability with a digital control system in a high bandwidth linear motor drive. In order to achieve a high current bandwidth, a cascade control systems will be discussed. The digital realization of a high bandwidth of 2kHz at 40kHz switching frequency and 250kHz resonance frequency displays a big challenge. The theoretical results are verified with a 4.5 kW full-bridge inverter topology. Furthermore EMC measurements are shown.
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| | HF resonant power supply for an electrical discharge machining impulse generator
By R. Casanueva; F. J. Azcondo; S. Bracho | [View]
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Abstract: A LCsCp resonant converter is the chosen topology for the Electrical Discharge Machining power
supply, which has been designed to the purpose to develop small size EDM systems. The switching
frequency is tuned at the natural resonant frequency where the converter tends to act as a current
source. In this way, two effects are achieved: 1) the necessary over-voltage is generated, first to ionize
the dielectric and then to establish the electric discharge and 2) a constant current is supplied during
the machining of the workpiece, providing the circuit with inherent protection under short circuit
conditions. The proposed control achieves an optimum and stable operation using tap water as
dielectric fluid preventing the generation of undesired impulses and keeping the distance between the
electrode and the workpiece within the optimum stable range. The EDM impulse generator has been
validated to perform operations in a nuclear power plant application. A comparative analysis with
other alternative technologies, such as Metal Disintegration Machining and abrasive wheel,
demonstrate that the proposed EDM system achieves higher controllability and tighter tolerance in a
practical cutting process.
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| | Zero voltage and zero current soft-switching full bridge phase-shifted PWM dc-dc converter using tapped induction filter
By S. Moisseev; S. Sato; S. Hamada; M. Nakaoka | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a novel high frequency transformer linked full-bridge type soft-switching phase-shift
PWM DC-DC power converter for the telecommunication and automobile energy plants is presented. A
tapped inductor filter is put into practice to achieve wide load variation range soft-switching PWM
constant frequency operation of the DC-DC converter, to minimize circulating current in the high
frequency inverter stage. The presented converter operates with ZVS for leading bridge leg active power
switches and ZCS for lagging bridge leg active power switches. The effectiveness of the proposed softswitching
DC-DC converter is verified in the experiment on 2kW 100kHz breadboard circuit using
IGBTs. The actual efficiency of 94% is obtained for the wide load variation range.
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| | A quasi resonant voltage source inverter for induction motor drives
By C. Attaianese; G. Tomasso | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a novel topology of quasi-resonant voltage source inverter feeding induction motor is
presented. The resonant structure is based on two resonant circuits, which guarantee the soft switching
for the inverter power modules in all the operating conditions. Besides, a detailed description of the
modulation circuit is presented together with some experiment results.
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| | A detailed analysis of a resonant gate driver for frequency control applications
By T. López; G. Sauerlaender; T. Duerbaum; T. Tolle | [View]
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Abstract: Gate drivers generate significant losses, especially at high frequencies. While
conventional solutions dissipate all the energy, resonant gate drivers partly recover it. A
resonant gate driver is studied in detail with the emphasis on frequency control applications.
Compared to other resonant drivers, the investigated driver combines simplicity, soft switching
and loss reduction. Advantages and limits are discussed using a mathematical model and a
prototype.
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| | Performance evaluations of three-phase soft-switching inverter using high-frequency pulse-current transformer
By E. Hiraki; M. Nakaoka; S. Sugimoto; S. Ogawa | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a prototype of the auxiliary resonant commutated snubber circuit (ARCS)
incorporating a pulse-current feedback high-frequency transformer with power regeneration loop is
described for three-phase inverter from a practical point of view. For three-phase voltage-fed soft-switching
inverter, soft-switching active power filter and active PFC rectifier, the soft-switching inverter topology
treated here has significant advantages of effective power loss reduction in the auxiliary active switching
power devices in the ARCS. In addition, this paper presents a DSP-based digitally-control space
vector-modulated three-phase voltage-fed inverter with high-frequency pulse-current transformer (HFPT)
assisted ARCS, which can efficiently operate under a stable condition of a zero voltage soft-switching
commutation. The steady-state operating circuit analysis of the new ARCS has the remarkable and
salient features and the practical design procedure of this resonant snubber are illustrated and discussed
on the basis of simulation and experimental results. The operating performance of this soft-switching
inverter using IGBT power modules and its evaluations in the steady-state are actually discussed as
compared with the conventional three-phase voltage-fed space vector modulated hard-switching inverter.
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| | The bidirectional multiresonant converter
By M. Vuksic; S. Beros | [View]
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Abstract: The new bidirectional multiresonant converter is presented. The new converter is derived from the DE-class converter. The converter rectifiers are replaced by controlled bidirectional switch and bidirectional power flow is achieved in the same circuit. The converter performs different modes of operation. Each mode is characterized by its own set of current and voltage waveforms. The circuit performs ZVS and ZCS process in either power flow direction. The bidirectional multiresonant converter DC conversion ratios are evaluated for both power flow directions. The circuit is experimentally tested.
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| | High frequency linked ZVS PWM DC-DC power converter with ON/OFF-assisted synchronous rectifiers
By S. Sato; S. Moisseev; M. Nakaoka | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a full bridge edge-resonant zero voltage mode based soft-switching PWM DC-DC
power converter with a high frequency center tapped transformer link stage is presented from a
practical point of view. The power MOSFETs operating as synchronous rectifier devices are
implemented in the rectifier center tapped stage to reduce conduction power losses and also to
extend the transformer primary side power MOSFETs ZVS commutation area from the rated to
zero load without a requirement of a magnetizing current. The steady-state operation of this
phase-shift PWM controlled power converter is described in comparison with a conventional ZVS
phase-shift PWM DC-DC converter using the diodes rectifier. Moreover, the experimental results
of the switching power losses analysis are evaluated and discussed in this paper. The practical
effectiveness of the ZVS phase-shift PWM DC-DC power converter treated here is actually
proved by using 2.5kW-32kHz breadboard circuit. An actual efficiency of this converter is
estimated in experiment and is achieved as 97% at maximum.
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| | 1 MVA-ARCPI with high voltage IGBT-modules - Design and practical experience
By F. Hinrichsen; G. Tareilus; W.-R. Canders | [View]
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Abstract: Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) as applied in the Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Inverter
(ARCPI) can reduce drastically the relatively high switching losses of High Voltage IGBT-Modules.
Thus the switching frequency can be much higher than in conventional hard switched converters. This
paper describes the construction of a scaleable ARCPI-structure. The structure was tested successfully
at first in an 80 kVA inverter test-setup, while this paper presents first measurements and experiences
with an 1 MVA test-setup with 3.3 kV-IGBTs. Switching frequencies up to 5 kHz were achieved with
a rated load current of 800 ARMS.
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| | Comparison of soft and hard-switching efficiency in a three-level single phase 60 kW DC-AC converter
By S. Munk-Nielsen; R. Teodorescu; M.M. Bech; J.K. Pedersen | [View]
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Abstract: Efficiency measurements on a three-level single-phase soft-switched converter are presented and show
a slightly improved efficiency compared with the hard-switched converter for output powers higher
than 25 % of rated power. The resonant converter uses Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and a simple
resonant circuit. Increased resonant converter efficiency enables a reduction in the semiconductor size
pr. watt output power or an increase the switching frequency.
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| | Complex resonant zero current switching high ferquency inverter for induction heating in high amplitude of load current
By H. Yoshihiro; K. Hiroyasu; K. Nobuyuki | [View]
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Abstract: A novel zero current switching (ZCS) high frequency inverter for induction heating load on
a steam super heater is developed. The high amplitude of load current with suppressed switching
current realizes high efficiency and stable operation. The design procedure on complex resonant ZCS
high frequency inverter is investigated and verified by experiments.
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