| EPE 2003 - Topic 03b: Power Converter Circuits and Control |
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 | DC current source mode in converter with alternating of parallel and series resonance
By K. Janson; J. Järvik; E. Sepping | [View]
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Abstract: A new effect of the resonant converter with alternation of parallel and series resonance has been found – the converter starts operating as a current source. The converter voltage is automatically adjusting without any control activities according to the variations of load resistance. The delay angle of thyristors changes the current value of current source. This effect could be used to reduce the necessary power rate of the power source for some equipment.
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| | AC to DC converter for contactless electrical energy transmission. Practical results.
By S. Piróg; R. Stala | [View]
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Abstract: A power electronics converter for contactless supply of isolated movable electrical equipment is pre-sented in the paper. The contactless energy transmission in the converter is performed by means of the cou-pling between windings placed on isolated movable parts of the core of a single-phase transformer. Theo-retical analysis and practical results concerning the converter configuration and control are presented.
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| | Comparison of alternative implementations of DTC using FPGA circuits
By K. Rauma; O. Laakkonen; J. Luukko; O. Pyrhönen | [View]
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Abstract: Modern programmable logic circuits can be used when implementing drive control systems. Very fast arithmetic operations are possible instead of only the logic decisions. Tableless implementation of direct torque control (DTC) algorithms were done and compared to the original look-up table approach. Tableless implementation uses an arithmetic approach and is done by using modern FPGA. The differences of the implementations and the used algorithms are described here.
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| | Boost-type and Piezoelectric transformer DC-DC converters for low power applications
By E. Dallago; A. Danioni; G. Ricotti | [View]
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Abstract: In this work a boost-type dc-dc
converter and a Piezoelectric Transformer
converter for low power applications are
investigated. An integrated controller
circuit that can be used to implement both
these topologies is also presented. The
characteristics of the two power converters
examined are discussed and their operation
compared by using the same output voltage
and power level. The two possible
approaches are evaluated by comparing
their advantages and critical features.
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| | Some design issues of the active diode - a new type of synchronous rectifier
By J. C. P. Liu; F. N. K. Poon; B. M. H. Pong | [View]
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Abstract: Active Diode is a type of Current-driven
synchronous rectifier (CDSR) with energy recovery current
sense which can replace rectifier diode in any converter
regardless of the topology. This paper presents extended
analysis and practical considerations of the CDSR from
sensing current to driving MOSFET. Hysteresis gate drive
buffer so introduced can further improve the operating
frequency range from line frequency of 50Hz up to several
hundred KHz. It reduces losses and size of the current
transformer, and gives robust operation even when the output
is short circuit.
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| | Analytic calculation of the DC-link capacitor current for pulsed single-phase H-bridge inverters in uninterruptible power supplies
By F. Renken | [View]
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Abstract: For pulsed single-phase H-bridge inverters the capacitor current in the dc-link circuit is analytically
calculated. These calculations can be applied for a constant dc-voltage as well as for a sinusoidal
modulated voltage and sinusoidal current at the output. The additional load of the dc-link capacitor
caused by harmonic currents of the filter circuit or by switching transitions of semiconductors is
examined, too. At last, the calculations are confirmed by practical measurements.
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| | Predictive DC voltage control of single phase PV inverters with small DC link capacitance
By A. Kotsopoulos; J.L. Duarte; M.A.M. Hendrix | [View]
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Abstract: This paper proposes a novel control method for DC voltage in single-phase voltage-source
inverters fed by constant-current or constant-power sources. The technique predicts the inverter power
required to correct a DC voltage error within one fundamental AC cycle. This is based on the power
balance between DC input and AC output, and the energy stored in the DC link capacitor. The fast
response means a smaller capacitor can be used, and operation with a large double-line-frequency
ripple on the DC bus is possible without causing distortion of the AC output current. This scheme is
suitable for applications where substantial DC link buffer energy is unnecessary, e.g.: grid-connected
photovoltaic generators. The reliability and lifetime of the inverter can be significantly improved if a
non-electrolytic type capacitor is used. Experimental results are presented that verify the inverter
operation.
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| | A high efficient 2kW on-board charging unit for electric vehicles, based on the Flyback topology
By E. J. Rikos; E. C. Tatakis | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a simplified enough topology which is used as a battery charger for electric
vehicles is investigated. The proposed topology is based on the flyback converter. Since the basic
problem of this type of converter is the overvoltage across the main switch during the switch-off, a
newly developed active clamp circuit is presented. This active snubber is based on the flyback
topology and has some important advantages compared to other types of active clamping topologies.
Also, a new improved approach for the main converter design strategy is presented. The strategy is
focused on the choice of an optimal transformer turns ratio by taking into account the overvoltage
across the main switch. Finally, simulation and experimental result are exhibited and compared,
proving the effectiveness of the design methodology.
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| | On the interaction of the imput filter and the converter regulation
By C. Karimi; D. Sadarnac; C. Prévot | [View]
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Abstract: Today almost all converters have an input filter to control EMI/EMC. For most, the sizing
of the filter is depending on the required attenuation from the applicable standard. For some standard
that leads to very large attenuation and the input filter has more attenuation than the output filter. This
study shows the interaction of the input filter and the converter regulation on both aspects of the
equations and the physical understanding. We also propose a method to stabilize the whole (filter,
converter & control) without over sizing.
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| | Fast-scale instability in a PFC boost converter under average current mode control
By H. H. C. Iu; Y. Zhou; C. K. Tse | [View]
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Abstract: This paper describes the fast-scale instability in a power-factor-correction (PFC) boost converter
under a conventional average current mode control. The converter is operated in continuous mode.
Computer simulations and theoretical analysis are performed to study the e ects of the time-varying
input voltage under the variation of some chosen parameters on the qualitative behaviour of the
system. It is found that fast-scale instability may occur during a line cycle. The results provide
useful information for the design of PFC boost converters for stable operation.
Keywords|Power-factor-correction boost converter, average current-mode control, bifurcation,
fast-scale instability.
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| | A control strategy for a soft-switched bidirectional motor drive with PWM motor voltage synthesis
By P. Field; G. Peters; S. Round | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a control strategy for a bidirectional converter-inverter AC motor drive that retains
PWM motor voltage synthesis with the inclusion of soft switching. Through control of the
bidirectional rectifier mostly sinusoidal current can be drawn from the supply. As a result of the
sinusoidal rectifier current the amount of DC capacitance required in the motor drive is reduced.
Through the application of modern DSP and FPGA technologies the control strategy is realised.
Derivation, simulation and experimental results are presented to support the proposed control method.
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| | A simplified PWM control scheme for three-phase current source converter
By S. Iida; T. Kawasaki; S. Masukawa | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a novel PWM control scheme for three-phase current source converter is proposed.
In this method, pulse widths composing input currents are decided so as to be proportional to the
source voltage. By overlapping the control signals to devices, it can be avoided the occurrence of
open circuit operations and PWM signal patterns can be simplified effectively. It is proper for the
digital control system. In this paper, this PWM control pattern is introduced. Furthermore, it is
clarified by several experiments that the theoretical discussions are appropriate.
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| | Design and performance of a boost-type converter applied to HID lamps
By M. H. Ohsato; T. Kishi; Y. Kudo; G. Kimura | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a novel type of
electronic ballast for HID (High Intensity Discharge)
lamps. The key feature of the circuit topology is the
application of a boost-type converter. The proposed
circuit is very simple. This proposed circuit can
generate sufficiently high voltage pulses for the HID
lamp without an additional ignitor circuit. A 70 W
metal-halide lamp (an HID lamp) is used in this
circuit. The design and performance of this
proposed circuit are described in this paper. Based
on the theoretical and experimental results, the
proposed ballast is suitable for the HID lamps.
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| | The impact of non-linearities in ASVC's on the automatic control performances
By T. Wederberg Rasmussen; T. Bucka-Christensen; J. Kaas Pedersen | [View]
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Abstract: Generating power with induction generators demands reactive power from an ASVC if an adequate
power factor is wanted. We have worked with ASVC’s for this purpose and have found that the power
systems of the ASVC’s are non-linear in an unpleasant way. In this paper we will present the
nonlinearities and the origin of them found by measurements on a laboratory model and simulations
on a simulink model.
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| | A novel gate drive circuit suitable for high voltage IGBTs which can suppress the dv/dt of IGBT and protect IGBT from short circuit
By S. Inarida | [View]
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Abstract: IGBTs are used in almost all of traction converters as switching devices at this time. This is because the IGBTs have many advantages against GTOs. On the other hand, there are some problems with the converters using high voltage IGBTs. One of the problems is that high speed switching behaviour of IGBTs generates surge voltage at the motor’s side which causes some damage to the wiring’s insulator in the motors and leakage current which causes EMC problems. The other concern is that if a limb of the converter is short-circuited, the current of the IGBT becomes larger in a few microseconds. When the current can be turned off in a few microseconds, the IGBT can be protected from short circuit current. In this paper, a novel dv/dt control method which can make dv/dt smaller with minimum increase of switching losses of the IGBTs and a novel current detecting method for high voltage modular type IGBTs which can detect their short circuit current of them in a quick, easy and accurate manner are proposed and some experimental results show effectiveness of those methods.
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| | FIPBUS communication network for power switches control
By J.P. Lavieville; J.L. Thomas; C. Aït Mahrez; W. Weber | [View]
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Abstract: This paper proposes an insulated standard high speed serial link communication system to control
several power switches. A specific synchronisation method is proposed. The network protocol,
hardware and software are discussed.
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| | Pulse-amplitude-modulated motor drive for HVAC applications
By H. R. Andersen; J. Poulsen | [View]
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Abstract: The perspectives of reinventing a pulse-amplitude-modulated frequency converter for heating,
ventilation and air-conditioning applications are analysed. A 3-phase, pulse-amplitude-modulated
converter is developed and compared with a 3-phase, pulse-width-modulated converter. EMC, losses,
acoustic noise, line and shaft performance and cost are compared.
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| | Minimisation of commutation delays in power converters
By M. Bland; C. Silva; P. Wheeler; L. Empringham | [View]
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Abstract: This paper describes a simple solution to waveform distortion problems caused by dead-time and zero
current clamping in AC power converters. With the proposed method it will be possible to safely reduce
the dead-time to an absolute minimum, making any errors caused by the dead-time negligible. The
method described can be applied to any IGBT based switching circuit where dead-time is used. The application
of the proposed method to two different types of AC converters is discussed. Practical results
are presented with the implementation of the method in a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and in a Matrix
Converter. The commutation processes in Matrix Converter and VSI circuits is discussed and the limits of
safe commutation are investigated.
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| | High-power density bi-directional DC/DC converter topology for future automobiles
By J. Walter; R. W. De Doncker | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a 2 kW three-phase dual active bridge converter (DAB3) which
converts power between 42 V and 300 V and which is easily scalable up to 20 kW. The DAB3 has
been selected for this application based on detailed simulations comparing different suitable
topologies. The circuits investigated in this paper can operate in a soft-switching manner enabling a
reduction in device switching losses and therewith an increase in switching frequency. Candidate
topologies under a close investigation are the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB1) and the three
phase dual active bridge (DAB3). Key-features are the galvanic isolation, reduced cooling costs, and
the capability of transferring energy over a wide voltage range. This paper presents the converter
breadboard design, the controller design and measurements.
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| | High voltage switch: contribution of DSP in series association
By D. Frey; P-O. Jeannin; E. Toutain | [View]
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Abstract: This paper will present the interest of using a DSP for series association of insulated gate
components such as IGBTs or power MOSFETs. It is based on analyse of some parameters influence on the
commutation speed. It shows an experimental test bench based on the series association of two insulated gate
components and one original driver based on controlled current sources.
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| | Design of a resonant power source to drive HPS lamps
By C. Brañas; F. J. Azcondo; S. Bracho | [View]
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to define a new criterion for the design of resonant inverters applied to the
control of high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, which is extended to metal halide (MH) lamps. Once
the effect of the ageing on the lamp is determined, the analysis is focused on the selection of the most
suitable value of the LCsCp resonant network in order to achieve a good repeatability of the circuit
performance. The study is based on the analysis of the lamp power sensitivity regarding tolerance of
circuit components. The proposed design is validated with experimental results and a statistical
simulation by the Monte Carlo method.
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| | Losses and performance of a 100 kVA DC current link converter
By B. Wundrack; M. Braun | [View]
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Abstract: Current-source inverters (CSI) with IGBTs are rarely used in industrial operation so far. An
experimental converter was built up, the results regarding control methods and particularly power
losses, compared to a conventional PWM-inverter, are presented. The CSI is discussed as a further
alternative for high power converters.
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| | A simple DC-to-DC converter with the possibility of bipolar input voltage
By F. A. Himmelstoss; E. Wimmer | [View]
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Abstract: A fourth order PWM DC/DC converter with the possibility of bipolar input voltage is
treated and a survey over important data (maximum voltage and current ratings for the elements, rmsvalues
for the semiconductor devices and a rough approximation of the losses) of the circuit is given.
Furthermore, a converter model including the losses based on duty ratio averaging is established. Due
to the bidirectionality of the converter, always continuous inductor current mode occurs. Simulation
and measurement results are given.
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| | A nonlinear feedforward control for the half-bridge converter with current-doubler rectifier
By J. M. Guerrero; L. García de Vicuña; J. Miret; J. Matas; M. Castilla | [View]
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Abstract: The Half-Bridge Converter with Current-Doubler Rectifier is a promising topology to implement new
Voltage Regulator Modules. This paper proposes a novel control for this converter, which endows fast
transient response and robustness against large-signal disturbances in the input-voltage and the loadcurrent.
In addition, this controller avoids the use of any current sensor, and can be implemented by
means of low-cost analog circuits.
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| | The DC/DC converters stability - a comparison of analysis methods
By I. Y. Korotyeyev, Z. Fedyczak | [View]
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Abstract: This paper deals with DC/DC converters stability. There is review of DC/DC converters stability
analysis methods in this paper. The accurate state space and approximated averaged state space
methods are presented. For the closed loop system with buck, boost and buck-boost topologies the
comparison results of the load and gain stability limits obtained by means of discussed methods are
also presented.
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| | A new buck-and-boost DC-DC converter (Tokusada converter)
By Y. Nishida | [View]
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Abstract: A new buck-and-boost (i.e., step-up/down) dc-dc converter is introduced and practically evaluated.
This converter consists of two self-turn-off switches, two FRDs and a small dc-inductor, and it
performs boost, buck and even buck-boost dc-dc converter operations. Applying the boost and buck
operations, this new converter obtains a seamless and wide-range output voltage control from buck
region to boost region. The advantage of the new converter in efficiency for the dual-switch cascade
converter in Buck region is analyzed and practically confirmed.
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| | High efficiency single-phase 3.3V/1.5V - 20A synchronous buck converter
By W. Chen | [View]
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Abstract: A 1.5V/20A single-phase Buck converter with Predictive Gate Drive technology is presented. The
design procedure and considerations, including the trade-offs among cost, size and efficiency, are
discussed. The compensation design to guarantee the stability and fast transient response at the same
time is covered. Operation Curves and transient response are provided. The efficiency data over the
entire load range shows the benefit of the advanced Predictive Gate Drive technology.
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| | Analog reference model based control of boost inverters with robust performance
By E. Figueres; G. Garcerá; M. Pascual; J. Sandía | [View]
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Abstract: This paper proposes the application of two Average Current-mode Control (ACC) schemes to a boost
inverter. In spite of the strongly non linear nature of this kind of converters, conventional ACC and a
new Reference Model based Average Current-mode Control scheme (MR-ACC) have been
successfully applied to a boost dc-ac converter.
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| | Quasi-square wave high-frequency inverter with current-mode control for HID lamps operation in the future automotive 42 DC voltage
By J. García García; J. Cardesín; J. Ribas; A. J. Calleja; E. L. Corominas; J. M. Alonso; M. Rico-Secades | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper, a new current-mode control method is applied to a non-resonant, quasisquare
wave inverter used to supply HID Lamps at high frequency. With this control method, both
current stabilisation and low power high frequency harmonics are obtained. With current stabilisation,
no intermediate stages are needed between the inverter and the DC source; with low power harmonics,
decreases the risk of appearing of acoustic resonances. The proposed circuit is specially suitable for the future automotive 42 DC voltage.
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| | A novel single-switch inverter with a small two-winding reactor and PFM control circuit for piezo-electric transformer
By T. Oyama; Y. Isizuka; K.-W. Lee; F. Kurokawa; H. Matsuo; T. Koga | [View]
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Abstract: A noble compact driving inverter with a small two-winding reactor for piezo-electric transformer
is proposed, which is very appropriate for back-light system of cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL)
used in liquid crystal displays (LCD) for portable devices such as the notebook type PC or personal
digital assistants (PDA). Also, the suitable Pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control strategy is presented
and its validity is confirmed experimentally. As a result, it is revealed from the experiments that
the proposed driving inverter enables to realize a stabilized 400V ac output and 82% power efficiency
from 3V dc input under the conditions of +/-20% variation of the load current and/or input voltage,
and that the dimmer control can be performed with 80% or more power efficiency.
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| | Independant vector control of parallel-connected two induction motor by a five-leg inverter
By M. Hizume; S. Yokomizo; K. Matsuse | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents an independent vector control method of parallel-connected two induction motors
by using a pulse-width modulation (PWM) of a five-leg voltage-source inverter. In order to achieve
independent control of both induction motors using the leg connected in common, we adopted a particular
PWM strategy which can reduce unnecessary switching in each leg. Simulation results show that the
proposed method is effective under various driving conditions.
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| | AC-DC stage control for synchronous and asynchronous three-phase generator in dispersed generation
By L. Moreau; A. Queric; M. Machmoum; A. Almeida; A. Lacarnoy | [View]
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Abstract: Dispersed generation leads to make use of variable speed synchronous and asynchronous generators. The connection to the distribution network is then implemented by a two-stages (AC-DC and DC-AC) electronic converter with an intermediate DC bus. Two ways to ensure the control of the DC bus voltage are studied and compared for both synchronous and asynchronous generators connected to a PWM rectifier. The case of a diode rectifier associated with a DC-DC converter is also studied for a synchronous generator.
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| | Design of non-dissipative snubber for current-fed half-bridge converter operating at duty ratio above 0.5
By J.-il Kang; S.-K. Han; C.-E. Kim; H.-K. Yun; Y.-S. Kim; T.-H. Jeong; M.-J. Youn | [View]
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Abstract: Since switching devices of a transformer-loaded current-fed topology suffer from high-energy voltage
spikes when they turn off, a high-efficiency snubber is considered essential. This paper presents a
complete analysis, design examples, and experimental results of a non-dissipative snubber for the
current-fed half-bridge (CFHB) topology operating at a duty ratio above 0.5.
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| | Low posses PWM for high power press-pack IGBT inverters
By D. Begin; B. Gollentz; N. Gruau | [View]
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Abstract: This paper describes the approach to design of a Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), especially designed for marine applications,
where a strong requirement is to minimise the size of the cubicles. To achieve this requirement, there
are two complementary approaches. First approach is to optimise the PWM pattern and thus to
maximise the drive performances. Second approach is to use a new technology of press pack IGBTs,
which gives high compactness and reliability.
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| | About "just in time" pulse width modulation transitions for railway high power traction drives
By D. Alejo; P. Maussion; J. Faucher; M. Sirbu | [View]
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Abstract: This paper describes the problems that appear in a high power traction drive, when switching from one
type of Pulse Width Modulation to another during speed increase. Some torque and currents oscillations
appear and generate disturbances that could be minimized under certain specific conditions, that are
studied in this paper.
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| | Effect of random noise on a DC-DC converter
By A. Sangswang; C. O. Nwankpa | [View]
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Abstract: Noise interacting with operating characteristics of a power electronic converter is of major
concern in power converter industry, being a contributor of system parameter uncertainties. These
uncertainties may significantly alter designed performance of the converter. This paper presents a
method that takes into account existing disturbances in a dc-dc boost converter. An analysis of the dcdc
converter influenced by uncertainties due to random noise is presented. Dynamics of the converter
system are modeled as a diffusion process meaning that the system will exhibit transitions between
stable states. Realistic disturbances can be modeled as white noise sources for all practical purposes.
However, the extension of white noise modeling is crucial for practical applications in power
electronic systems. In this paper, issues regarding to realistic converter modeling are investigated
through additive colored noise as opposed to white noise. We extend our work in this paper into
performance evaluation of a dc-dc converter under the presence of random colored noise. A concept
of mean first passage time of the system from its domain of attraction is defined as a performance
index. It represents the time for the trajectories to evolve from operating point to its domain of
attraction.
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| | Definitions for non-periodic current compensation
By L. M. Tolbert; Y. Xu; F.Z. Peng; J. Chen; J. N. Chiasson | [View]
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Abstract: this paper presents a new definition of non-active current, which is valid for single-phase and polyphase systems as well as for periodic and non-periodic waveforms. The definition is applied to a shunt compensation system, and different cases of non-periodic current compensation are studied. A variety of compensation characteristics of non-periodic currents and the rating requirements for the compensator are illustrated by simulation.
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| | Variable output bidirectional Cuk DC-DC converter
By W. E. Bury; D. Czarkowski; J. Dzieża | [View]
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Abstract: A bidirectional Ćuk converter with output voltage tracking capabilities was designed with a 110 Hz reference-to-output compensation signal. The converter is intended for use with piezoceramic actuators. This converter has smaller voltage stresses than a flyback converter for similar applications. Its high order makes it difficult to design a suitable controller. In the paper, a linear controller was designed in the frequency domain and implemented. Possibility of an application of an H∞ controller was successfully explored by means of simulation.
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| | Study of non-linear dynamics of current controlled converter embedded in a general approach of variable structure systems
By Z. Sütö; I. Nagy; F. Profumo | [View]
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Abstract: The paper is concerned with the study of a space vector modulated current controlled three-phase
converter using a general approach of variable structure systems. The rst part summarizes the
general approach. The second part describes the behavior of the converter controlled by a
nonlinear digital current control loop to force the three-phase ac currents to track the symmetrical
sinusoidal reference currents. Computer results show the local and global behavior of the
nonlinear system.
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| | Voltages balancing in neutral-point-clamped active rectifiers based on current harmonic distortion
By M. Marchesoni; P. Segarich; E. Soressi | [View]
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Abstract: A new method, based on current harmonic distortion, is proposed to compensate dc-link capacitors voltages fluctuations in a Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) active rectifier. This approach is very useful especially in no-load or low-load operations, where other methods fail. Analytical, simulation and experimental results are presented.
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