Please enter the words you want to search for:

EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 05: Application of Power Electronic Systems
You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 05: Application of Power Electronic Systems
	[return to parent folder]
	A Novel Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracker   By M. J. Case; T. A. Harrison; M. J. Joubert	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a high-efficiency switch-mode circuit that will extract maximum power from a PV array. Circuit operation is based on the observation that the voltage across a photovoltaic cell at maximum power output is a nearly constant fraction of the open-circuit voltage. In addition, this proposal uses a minimum of both small signal and power components, which is important in all applications. In particular, this paper shows that an energy storage capacitor is unnecessary for a PV controller provided a step-up switch-mode controller is used.
	A step-down multi-phase converter, based on IGBT technology, for traction applications   By M. Kowalczewski; W. Mysinski; W. Zajac	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The launch of an integrated public transport system in large towns and surrounding areas (e.g. in Kraków and its conurbation) requires the railway network and tram network to be combined with a sufficient number of link points. The operation of such an integrated system will also require modern dual-system tramcars. As there is a difference in voltage between the two overhead supply systems, it is necessary to build a converter enabling tramcars to run on two different traction voltages, 3000VDC and 600VDC. This article sets out a proposed solution like that, based on a step-down multiphase converter. In addition, the article discusses the results of simulation testing, carried out on a laboratory model of a step-down multiphase converter that was designed and built to operate with a supply voltage of 300V, with a DC series motor designed for voltage of 48V/87A serving as load.
	A Switching-Mode DC/Dc Converter for Automotive Dual Voltage Electrical Networks   By J. Checinski; Z. Filus; F. Girardengo; E. Hrynkiewicz	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with a DC/DC converter for automotive dual voltage systems. First, basic issues that relate to the introduction of such networks are discussed. After showing the basic configuration of a dual voltage electrical system for a passenger car, the most important requirements for a switched-mode 42V/14V DC/DC converter for such a system are presented. Then a design of a buck converter, rated for the output power of about 500W, is outlined. As the required power rating for this application is 1kW, various methods of increasing the output power are discussed and the choice of a parallel converter is justified. The following part of the paper presents some results of experiments. In particular, the efficiency of the 1kW converter reached 94.5%. The performance of the parallel converter was also tested in a slow temperature cycle over the range of -40 - +90°C. Finally, two EMC tests were performed, namely, Bulk Current Injection test and Conducted Emission on Power Supply Lines test. These were also passed successfully.
	Asymmetrical Duty Cycle Controlled High Frequency Soft Switching Inverter for Electromagnetic Induction Fluid Heater   By H. Sadakata; H. Omori; H. Yamashita; Y. Kurose; M. Nakaoka	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a new electromagnetic induction eddy current-based involute type heater for efficient heat exchanger in hot water producer and super heated steamer, which is more acceptable for consumer power application. In addition, an quasi-resonant soft switching PWM high frequency inverter using IGBTs can operate under a principle of zero voltage soft commutation scheme is developed for a high efficient induction heated hot water producer and boiler in the pipeline. This consumer power appliance using soft switching PWM high frequency inverter is discussed and evaluated on the basis of simulation and experimental results.
	Battery charger for a mobile robot using a forward quasi-resonant converter with zero current switching (QRC-ZCS) with average current control mode.   By F. Ibánez; C. Sánchez; M. Alcaniz; S. Alegre; S. Orts; A. Mocholí	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This article studies a battery charger for a mobile robot used for surveillance, wich is included in the CICYT Coordinated Project “Sistemas electrónicos de sensorización y alimentación de robots móviles”, TAP99-0443-C05-04. The power stage consists on a quasi-resonant forward type converter with zero current switching (ZCS), and uses average current control mode to implement a current source. The current in the choke is calculated from the current measured in the transformer’s primary circuit. This is another original contribution in this paper.
	Calibration of Premagnetized Linearity Correctors for CRT-Monitors   By V. Ambrožic; D. Nedeljkovic; J. Nastran	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a method, applied for calibration of premagnetized linearity correctors, that are used in CRT monitors and TV sets. The magnetization procedure of the corrector's permanent magnet to the saturation level, followed by its partial demagnetization using a pulse-generating device is described. Comprehensive test site, controlled by LabView software is presented, with special emphasis on demagnetization voltage determination. When a proper algorithm is implemented, the corrector's operating point can be set to the required tolerance range (below 3 %) and within short period of time (less than 4 s), which is important for cost-effective mass-production.
	Computer modelling of a system: supply circuit - locomotive with AC motors in order to determine current harmonics   By W. Zajac; W. Czuchra	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In the paper are given results of computer simulation spectrum of harmonics of current in DC traction supply circuit. The system was loaded with an electric locomotive with a converter. Into consideration were taken parameters of the overhead traction line and the most important parameters of the power supply system (for example resistance and inductance of the rectifying transformer).
	Design Optimization of Soft Switching PWM Inverter for Diesel Emission Control System Using Induction Heating   By S. Kubota; Y. Shimaoka; N. Ogawa	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Recently, the purification of the diesel engine exhaust gas is required from a viewpoint of earth environmental protection. In this paper, the diesel engine emission control system using high frequency induction heating is proposed to reduce PM (Particulate Matter). And, the high frequency inverter that realizes a soft switching with simple circuit constitution and has the wide power control width is proposed, as the power supply for this system. Furthermore, the circuit characteristics are clarified by a numerical analysis.
	Excitation System for Piezoelectric Atomizer Characterization   By X. Jorda; H. Amaveda; A. Lozano; M. Lozano; E. Chico; F. Barreras	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Piezoelectric ceramic materials are of main interest in the field of atomization applications, in order to generate microscopic droplets, which are difficult to obtain by mechanical systems. In this work an excitation electronic system for piezoelectric transducers is presented. The system is oriented to piezoelectric device characterization with resonance frequencies up to 2MHz and is based on a full bridge DC – AC voltage converter implemented with power VDMOS transistors. The technical solutions adopted to design and fabricate the system, as well as the main electrical characteristics in operation conditions are discussed in detail. The system allowed the measurement of droplet diameter distribution using a laser difractometer. The most relevant results concerning a typical PZT transducer during atomization operation are also shown. Contributions to piezoelectric transducer modeling and simulation are also proposed.
	Extended Utilization of the Inverter at Photovoltaic Systems   By O. Droegsler; H. Weiss	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Solar power stations inject electrical energy into the supply system in a non-polluting way. The disadvantage of a high invest in combination with only minimum full-load operation should be counteracted through an extended use of the line power inverter. The line power inverter will be applied additionally for the reduction of the total harmonic distortion of the line-voltage as well as in low-load periods with only small active power, as a power-factor correction unit.
	Functional Electrical Stimulator without using transformer for voltage step-up and its associated adaptive Neural Network Control for Arm Movements   By K. W. E. Cheng; A. B. Rad; K. Y. Tong; D. Sutanto; L. Cao; H. K. Chow; Y. Lu	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Two electronic circuits are proposed for Functional Electrical Stimulator (FES). One is the extended period quasi-resonant converter and another one is the switched-capacitor resonant converter. The circuits were original used as power converters, but are now used in this application as an electrical stimulator because it has three-degree of freedom. That is duty-ratio, frequency and amplitude. The advantage of the proposed system is that no transformer is needed and the variation of electrical pulses is mainly relied on the resonant components and the extended-period resonant principle. Experimental results show that the system behaves satisfactory. Also, muscle model is a time-varying nonlinear system. The performance of control systems and the FES must be robust to changes in system gain, since the gain can vary substantially and abruptly with changes in operating point. Neural network has a capability of identifying the system like muscle model; and also the adaptive control system has strong robustness. Combining the advantages of these two methods, an adaptive neural network control strategy is proposed which can be used to adjust the system outputs by changing the control signal. In this paper we also compare the three-layered neural network with recurrent neural networks as system inversive identification. By recurrent network a closed-loop control strategy is proposed. Simulation experiment shows that it has stability, self-tuning, robust and adaptive. The network can be applied to an extended period quasi-resonant converter and switched-capacitor resonant converter for use as an FES.
	High efficiency FPGA based transconductance amplifier for AMB application   By M. Chiaberge; F. Maddaleno; C. Damilano	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: A transconductance amplifier with digital control based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is proposed in this paper. This amplifier is designed to drive active magnetic bearings directly using digital control signals coming from an external Digital Signal Processor (DSP). No analog DSP outputs are needed. The digital current loop control technique implemented on the FPGA provides large bandwidth and low power consumption, while synchronous bridge topology ensures high efficiency. Load current is digitized to feed the control loop without applying any traditional analog-to-digital converter. The DSP/FPGA based host system that controls the amplifier allows fast prototyping of the Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) system, employing a modular configuration. The use of an FPGA goes by the trade-off between hardware speed and flexible remote system reconfiguration.
	Install Location Study of SMES for High-Speed Railway System   By Y. Tsuchiide; J. Baba; K. Shutoh; E. Masada	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Power conditioning in the feeder lines of high-speed railways is studied for the application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), regarding peak-cut and phase-balance at the point of common connection to supply network. In this paper, the possibility to improve the load characteristics of electric railways by use of SMES is discussed. Four install schemes of SMES to improve the load characteristics of high-speed electric railways are discussed and simulated. The capacities of superconducting magnet and power converters are estimated by use of the simulations for a certain substation. Simulation results show that all schemes level the steeply fluctuating demands, and advantage and disadvantage of each install point is discussed.
	Measuring non-linear rectifier load characteristics with a controlled-current power converter   By H. D. Laird; R. M. Duke; S. D. Round	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the results of experimental measurements of the response of single and three-phase diode rectifiers excited by injecting a small perturbing current generated by a switching converter. Results show that the rectifiers are sensitive to the perturbing current, that the response is measurable and that there is an algebraic relationship among the rectifier current frequency components.
	Modeling a 80 kV Pulse Source for Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF)   By B. Roodenburg; S. W. H. De Haan; Y. L. M. Creyghton; J. Morren; H. A. Prins	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In laboratories food treatment with Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) is commonly used these days. Using this treatment method, the food is pasteurized due to the high electric field and not by heating. Because of some technical problems this technology is not common used on industrial scale. Scaling the laboratory treatment installations to an industrial application is one of the main problems. The service life of the used components is an important aspect. If we want more clearness about the lifetime expectancy, a good contact with the component designer is necessary. It is also very important that we can specify the voltage and current rating of the components accurately. To obtain the highest system performance at minimal costs the development and validation of models is required. For an electric PEF installation with a VLCS (voltage limited current source), PFN (Pulse Forming Network), thyratron and pulse transformer models are developed and validated.
	Multilevel Inverters Adapted to Photovoltaic Energy Conversion   By M. F. Shraif; H. Valderrama-Blavi; L. Martínez-Salamero; A. Cid-Pastor; C. Alonso; R. Pedrola; J. Calvente	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Photovoltaic systems must maximize their efficiency. The multilevel conversion can be an appropriate solution to reduce the system losses. After analyzing the losses mechanisms in multilevel converters, the main goal of this paper is to study its feasibility for photovoltaic applications. An experimental site has been built at the LAAS-CNRS to examine different system architectures. All the architectures include a battery set, a multilevel inverter, four solar panels, four boost converters with their respective MPPT controllers to charge the battery set, and a data acquisition system specially designed for the experimental site. Among the possible architectures, two of them are presented, and their respective performances compared.
	Novel control strategy of motor torque ripple in hybrid vehicle   By S. Tnani; P. Coirault; G. Champenois	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In the paper, the authors propose a novel control strategy of torque ripple on hybrid vehicle. The combustion engine ripple's are reduced by using an active filter and an AC machine which is mounted on the crankshaft to generate on inverse torque sequence. The control strategy is based on a multi-objectives state feedback synthesis. A complete modelling of the hybrid propulsion of the vehicle is achieved. Simulation results highlight the interest of the control scheme.
	Novel Power Supply Configurations for High Voltage Systems   By M. J. Case; D. V. Nicolae; J. F. Janse Van Rensburg	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The problem addressed is the supply of a sine wave 50 Hz 230 volt system from a high-voltage network. Current transformer or capacitive coupling may be used, which results in either current-source or capacitive-coupled voltage-source systems. The power conversion to the required 230V takes place by means of standard circuit configurations. The control of the inverter is a simple PI regulator.
	Power Electronics in Automotive Hybrid Drives   By Z. Cerovsky; S. Flígl; P. Mindl; V. Pavelka; Z. Halámka; P. Hanus	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Paper deals with automotive hybrid and power splitting drives. Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. Well-proved dc power splitting drive is described. New idea to use a similar drive using ac machinery and power electronic converters is studied in Research Centre of internal combustion motors and automobiles JB. An experimental working stand was projected to research, to perform measurements and to serve for doctor students.
	Prognosis for Integrated Starter Alternator Systems in Automotive Applications   By E. Levi; J. M. Miller; V. R. Stefanovic	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The global automotive industry has been investigating alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicle power plants for the past three decades. These initiatives were proposed as a means to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars and light trucks on a global scale starting in the early 1970's. Today, two of the seven global automotive manufacturers have hybrid electric vehicles in the market and all have plans to introduce hybrids. Interim vehicle architectures, or mild hybrid vehicles, consist of integrated starter alternator systems having electric propulsion capability that range from 5% to perhaps 15% of the heat engine peak power. The authors submit that ISA systems or mild hybridization is a bridging action to full electrification of the automobile as exemplified by full hybridization. Eventually, 100% electrification of the propulsion train will be achieved when fuel cell powered vehicles and grid connected hybrids are added to the vehicle mix.
	Pulse Density Modulated Zero Current Soft-Switching Series Resonant High Frequency Inverter for Consumer Induction-Heated Roller   By Y. I. Feng; H. Shirai; M. Nakaoka; O. Atsushi; O. Kudryavtsev	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the voltage source type half bridge lossless auxiliary inductor assisted series resonant high frequency inverter for induction heated fixing roller in copy machines. This high-frequency inverter can achieve zero current soft switching (ZCS) commutation in a wide power regulation range due to the applied in it constant frequency pulse density modulation (PDM) control scheme. Its transient and steady state operation is evaluated in this paper. Also the experimental operating performances of this ZCS-PDM high frequency inverter are illustrated and compared with the computer simulation results. As well, power losses and actual efficiency are estimated on the basis of simulation and experiments.
	Stability Analysis of Power Circuit Including Negative Inductance Produced by Variable Active-Passive Reactance (VAPAR)   By H. Funato; T. Ogura	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: An inductance affects the response of power circuits. The authors have already proposed Variable Active-Passive Reactance (VAPAR) which can be virtual inductance in power circuits. One of the notable features of the VAPAR is the ability of generating a negative inductance, which is not stable alone. The characteristics of a negative inductance have been discussed in a RL circuit in the previous studies. In this paper, power circuits including a negative inductance with parallel stray capacitance was analyzed from the view point of the stability considering frequency characteristics of the VAPAR.
	Test Procedure to Determine the Energetic Model of an Electric Vehicle Through on Board Measurements   By L. Ferraris; A. Tenconi	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: A methodology for the identification of the energetic model of an Electric Vehicle is proposed. The model of an EV realized by the Politecnico di Torino has been obtained by means of a special measurement procedure conducted on the electrical drive equipping the vehicle; from different tests every single loss contribution has been individuated and modelized for the different voices contributing to the energy consumption, allowing to foresee the energetic effect of every vehicle modification.
	The Application of The Class E Mosfet Amplifier for Dielectric Heating   By H. C. v. Z. Pienaar; M. J. Case	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The high-frequency industrial application of power semiconductors has been limited due to among other things the cost. The power MOSFET, while solving the cost problem, has a limitation of the input and output capacitances. This paper shows that the power MOSFET can be applied by using the class-E system, despite the high drain – source capacitance. Class-E uses resonant load circuits, which result in soft switching as well as efficiencies of at least 90%.
	Unconventional Power Modulators for Mono- and Threee-Phase Resistive Heaters   By P. Bolognesi; D. Casini; L. Taponecco	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Resistive heaters are widely employed for various applications, and they often constitute relatively large loads for the lines supplying them. Nevertheless, their regulation is still often performed either by means of manual switches or thermostats, achieving a poor temperature regulation and voltage flicker effects, or by means of Triac based voltage partializators, which determine significant harmonic pollution levels and a low fundamental power factor. This paper proposes unconventional solutions for the regulation of a.c. mono- and three- phase resistive heaters, based on inexpensive regulation converters and a simple modulation technique. Such regulators, while not involving relevant costs, permit to finely regulate the produced heating power and to achieve low THD values, an almost unity power factor under sinusoidal supply, and a pseudo-resistive equivalent behavior even in presence of voltage harmonics. Analytical results are reported for ideal behavior conditions, and simulation results coming from purposely developed semi-ideal models are presented and commented to confirm the theoretical conclusions. The issues correlated to the design of a system controller are finally discussed, indicating a possible configuration featuring a low-cost structure and a rule-based temperature control logic.
	Universal Battery Tester   By J. Juric; B. Vukic; M. Matisic	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a Universal Battery Tester (UBT) is presented, the new technical solution designed for testing battery capacity based on the constant current method. UBT is universal for all voltage levels from 48 V up to 220 V. During action, tester measures and controls the following parameters: load current, testing total battery voltage, testing battery voltage up to 24 channels - cell or block voltage, battery temperature and testing time. All measured values have been placed into the memory and after the test has been finished all the data can be transferred to the personal computer or printer.
	Voltage Sags Effects on the Operation of a Synchrotron Light Source: Experimental Analysis and Solution Project   By R. Visintini; R. Chiumeo	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Elettra, the synchrotron light source in Trieste (Italy), is quite sensitive to disturbances in the electrical supply. These are responsible for some tens outages/year and several hours/year downtime (i.e. absence of electron beam). In particular, the most concerning electrical disturbances are voltage sags, whose consequences are orbit perturbations and partial or total electron beam losses. The paper illustrates the experimental analysis performed in Elettra, starting from mid 1999, aimed to better understand the effects of grid disturbances on the plant operation and individuate the most sensitive components. A long measurement campaign and several tests performed on each type of power supply led to significant results and helped choosing a solution for mitigating the problem. The solution is based on a SMES system, presently under construction in the frame of a research project partly funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Technological Research and involving a group of the most important Italian Companies operating in the field of superconductivity and power quality analysis as Ansaldo Ricerche, Europa Metalli and CESI. The advantages of the SMES over other available electrical energy storage technologies for the application of concern and the main features of the power conditioning device under development, together with its future projected upgrading, are discussed and illustrated in the paper.