| EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 11: Industrial Drive Systems |
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 | A Four-Wheel Drive Hybrid Electric Car Configuration
By M. Panu; A. Viorel | [View]
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Abstract: It is presented an original powertrain configuration for a hybrid electric car, a consequence of an ample research work in the field of the electric vehicles. Following the trend imposed on the hybrid components layout by the most important electric car manufacturers, the paper presents a new concept in this field, based on a four-wheel drive parallel hybrid. Particular for this powertrain is the fact that, while a rotary piston internal combustion (IC) engine, in addition with a transmission gear, drives the front wheels, two three-phase, squirrel cage induction motors, mounted directly in the wheels, drive independently the rear wheels.
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| | A Modified Sliding Mode Speed Controller for an Induction Motor Drive without Speed Sensor Using the Feedback Linearization Theory
By J. Soltani; N. R. Abjadi | [View]
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Abstract: A speed sensorless induction motor drive (IMD) with a modified sliding mode speed controller is introduced. The rotor flux is estimated first, with a simplified rotor flux observer in the rotor reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the dynamic of motor torque and rotor flux amplitude. Then, a modified sliding mode speed controller is designed to control the speed of the IMD such that the chattering effects associated with the classical sliding mode speed controllers is eliminated and a fast transient response is also achieved. In addition, a Luenberger speed observer is designed to estimate the IMD speed from the measured terminal voltages and currents. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a digital simulation study.
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| | A Real-time Estimator of Electrical Parameters for Vector Controlled Induction Motor using a Reduced Order Extended Kalman Filter
By V. Leite; R. Araújo; D. Freitas | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents an application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to the simultaneous on-line
estimation of the dq rotor flux components and all the electrical parameters of a vector controlled
induction motor. A time-discrete reduced order model structure is deduced and presents a simple
and reduced state equation and a scalar output equation. This approach, combined with the use
of the rotor reference frame, offers advantages for real-time identification, compared with full order
models, because it reduces the computational cost. The proposed new approach requires the
measurement of motor speed, stator voltages and currents signals. Simulation and experimental studies
presented in this paper highlight the improvements produced by this new approach based on the
extended Kalman filter and a new discretization technique, under real operation conditions.
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| | Analogue controlled drives with PROFIBUS: experimental results
By Z. Šimuniæ; D. Gadže; M. Vražiæ | [View]
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Abstract: Industry modernization deals with new technologies application in present manufacturing plants. New technologies are nowadays mostly based on industrial communication networks. This paper describes usage of existing analogue controlled motor drives in industrial communication network PROFIBUS. Laboratory set-up is done with Siemens Simatic S7-300 equipment, together with analogue controlled inverter and permanent magnet synchronous motor. Measurement, control and monitoring of drive are realised by programmable logical controller (PLC) connected to inverters across industrial communication network.
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| | Comparison of Several Control Strategies for Parallel Connected Dual Induction Motors
By B. De Fornel; R. Pena-Eguiluz; M. Pietrzak-David | [View]
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Abstract: The multi-converter multi-machine systems as the extensions of the classical drives present several
structures, as the mono-inverter dual motor system working with a common mechanical load. In
traction applications the necessity to provide an excellent torque response is primordial. As a
consequence, in order to control each motor torque production of this kind of structures especial
methodologies based on the classical Field Oriented Control (FOC) can be applied.
This paper deals with the description and simulation of four different control structures for monoinverter
dual induction motor systems. A briefly description of the modelled high power system,
representing a commercial locomotive is presented. The electromagnetic motor information needed by
the FOC is reconstructed using a deterministic rotor flux observer, where its gain coefficients had
assigned applying a very simple and efficient method. The principle of four control methodologies are
discussed and analysed. Two mechanical perturbations have applied to the system: the adherence lost
of one wheel and the stick-slip perturbation. The system working responses obtained by simulation are
compared, establishing the principal differences between the four proposed control methods.
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| | Control Diagrams of Energy Controllled Current Source Inverter Drive
By G. Fekete | [View]
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Abstract: A new control strategy is introduced for current sources inverter fed induction motor drive. The so-called contact energy model is used. The contact energy control diagram is presented that is the base of the strategy. Speed or Torque control can be realized without measurement or calculation of mechanical speed. Two control strategy is introduced: the “current based contact energy control (CBEC)“ and the “ contact energy based current control (EBCC)“ strategy. The relations between the control functions of the strategies are introduced. Laboratory experimental results are also presented.
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| | Control Network as Back Bone of the Crane Motion Control System
By A. Slutej; F. Kolonic | [View]
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Abstract: Requirements of modern cranes and another heavy-duty material handling systems result in demand for sophisticated crane control and automation systems capable of handling loads fast and reliable connection to the particular information systems. These systems continuously provide up-dated information about containers moves and crane status. The total function is built up of a number of distinct building blocks installed from the beginning or added on after. Many of the building blocks are tightly connected to each other to achieve the right functionality and performance. For steel mill cranes and another similar industrial systems special attention is paid to the systems robustness, reliability and availability. Generally, the crane motion control system supports positioning, brake control, and another application function. In order to achieve a number of different possibilities to solve engineered problems, the multidrive concept is applied. Mentioned concept includes: powerful process controller with advanced multitasking, capable of handling several real time critical control loops simultaneously, high speed communication links between different clients, accurate measurement and fast transmission of drive positions and speeds and centralized interface for diagnostics of the complete system. This paper presents the important features of Control Network used in crane motion concept with Digital Drive Controller (DDC) system. DDC system, based on operational flexibility through standardized hardware and software modules, offers a solution for many engineered crane application problems.
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| | Cycloconverter Application in Rolling Mill Drive Systems
By G. L. Arsov; S. Mircevski | [View]
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Abstract: The paper deals with the characteristics of the recent developments and applications of cycloconverter fed adjustable sped drives for rolling mill drive systems. There are different solutions based on synchronous and induction motors using vector control. The requests for saving energy, harmonic cancellation and reduced maintenance costs are analyzed. Siemens and Toshiba solutions for cycloconverter based drives for rolling mills are discussed.
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| | Design Optimization Of Switched Reluctance Drives Using Artificial Neural Networks
By A. Matveev; T. Undeland; R. Nilssen | [View]
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Abstract: The paper proposes a new method for the optimal design of switched reluctance drives. The method
utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to provide good initial designs as a start points for
iterative search techniques (optimization algorithms). A major advantage of the method is its quite
short response time in obtaining the optimal design.
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| | Digital Control System for the Traction Applications
By V. Cesic; S. Marjan; M. Bilic; I. Bahun; N. Tezak; B. Furcic | [View]
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Abstract: In this article the digital control system for control, regulation, measuring, sequencing, protection, supervision and communication tasks in the retrofitted (modernized) locomotives is presented. The modular system hardware components are briefly described along with implementation examples. Furthermore, we present some topics related to communication with other vehicles by means of UIC556 gateway, speed measurement and to man-machine interface.
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| | Digital Implementation of Full-Order Flux Observers for Induction Motors
By M. Hinkkanen; J. Luomi | [View]
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Abstract: This paper deals with flux estimation for induction motor drives by using a full-order flux observer. A
problem of full-order flux observers is their need for computationally demanding discretization methods
in order to work stably and accurately at high speeds. An implementation of the full-order flux observer
using the stator and rotor fluxes as state variables in the stator reference frame and in the rotor reference
frame, respectively, was recently proposed. This paper describes how an observer gain can be included
in this structure. It is shown that discretization errors of the proposed implementation are small and that
there is more freedom to choose an observer gain, even if the simple forward Euler discretization is used.
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| | Dynamics of Pulse-Width Modulated DC Motor Drive with LC-filter at Power Input Port
By Yu. V. Kolokolov; S. L. Koschinsky; K. H. Adjallah | [View]
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Abstract: The paper consists of study of interaction of PWM DC motor drive with LC- input filter at its power
input port. A comparison between a small signal modeling results and results of bifurcation analysis is
presented. Results of discussion about possible practical application of criteria derived from small
signal analysis are also presented. In numerical example of DC traction motor drive both qualitative
and quantitative results are given to choose input filter parameters correctly.
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| | Experimental Evaluation of the High Performance Vector Controlled Matrix Converter-Fed Induction Motor
By S. Kovbasa; E. Chekhet; S. Peresada; V. Sobolev | [View]
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Abstract: The results of the intensive experimental study of the matrix converter-fed Induction Motors (IM) with
high dynamic performance speed-flux tracking field-oriented control algorithm are presented. It is
experimentally proven that high performance speed tracking is achieved under heavy dynamic
conditions of operation. High quality input/output current waveforms of the matrix converter obtained
during steady state conditions of operations for both directions of power flow. The results of the
experimental tests prove that matrix converter does not have limitations for implementation in high
dynamic performance vector controlled induction motor drives.
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| | Harmonic Study Analysis in Gas Industrial Facilities Employing Large Variable Frequency Drives
By M. Sobota; D. Ban; M. Puzak; D. Ružman; Z. Maljkovic | [View]
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Abstract: The paper presents a part of the results obtained by calculation and analysis of higher harmonics of voltage and current resulting from the installation of large variable frequency drives (VFD), in a gas industrial facility. Prior to making the decision on replacing the installed gas drivers motors by VFD, it is necessary to analyse the influence of installing VFD on the electric grid both in autonomous operation and when connected to the public power-supply grid. Autonomous plant operation is considered normal plant condition since it has its own gas power plant, and a connection to the power-supply grid only during overhaul or downtime due to breakdown in the plant itself. The plant will require the installation of three variable speed induction motor drives, two of 1800 kW and one of 450 kW capacity, for centrifugal pumps driving. Second 1800 kW drive is in an energy recovery system with hydraulic turbine. Detailed calculations and analysis of the harmonics study have shown that three generating units of 4000 kVA capacity each should operate parallel if the European standard EN 50160 is to be met.
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| | High Quality Sinusoidal Voltage Inverter for Variable Speed AC Drive Systems
By R. Seliga; W. Koczara | [View]
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Abstract: The paper describes work on the development of a topology and control of a three-phase DC/AC
PWM converter for an adjustable speed cage induction motor drive system. It is shown that when
using a PWM converter with a low-pass LC filter and applying proposed instantaneous feedback
control method an effective reduction of high frequency harmonics, damaging the motor bearings and
insulation, can be achieved. The proposed control technique of the converter with the instantaneous
LC filter current and voltage feedback loops, is extremely useful when reducing the switching
frequency component and providing a high quality sine-wave variable frequency and amplitude
voltage to the motor. Experimental verification of the proposed topology and control strategy is
provided by 15kW laboratory drive system with conventional cage induction motor. The high quality
sinusoidal output voltage produced by the proposed converter at different motor speeds is presented.
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| | Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control : Application to the Stator Field Oriented Double fed Asynchronous Motor Drive (DFAM)
By R. Abdessemed; A. L. Nemmour | [View]
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Abstract: This study deals with the application of indirect adaptive fuzzy logic control theory to wound rotor asynchronous motor with both its stator and rotor fed by two PWM voltage source inverters in which the system operate in stator field oriented control. After determining the model of the machine, an indirect adaptive control associated to Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model have been applied to a simplified structure.
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| | Model Reference Adaptive Control of SRM Drives
By L. Számel | [View]
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Abstract: The paper proposes a model reference adaptive control method for SRM drives. The main goal of the drive control is to improve dynamical performance by compensating for the motor nonlinearities. The proposed ripple reduced method changes only the turn-on and the turn-off angle in function of the speed and current reference. One off the advantages of using this method that it does not need the real-time calculation or measuring the motor torque. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
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| | Multi-criterion optimizer for synchronous drive system
By R. Muszynski | [View]
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Abstract: In the paper the control system for high power drive with self commutated synchronous motor is presented. Firstly, the structure of the drive as well as special requirements related to its control system is given. Some formulated requirements, for instance economical steady state operation and good dynamic of transient during changing of the operation point, are opposed. Then, the structure of the control system containing steady state optimizer and dynamical state controller is described. In order to fulfil many requirements the optimization with special generalized criterion and limitations is used. At the end, the simulation results obtained for elaborated control strategy are given.
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| | Multioutput Auxiliary Converter for Electric Locomotives
By J. Ungarov; V. Siladi | [View]
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Abstract: In 1999 the production of a new multi-output auxiliary converter PJUT-2 started within the thyristorisation of the electric locomotives series 46 for the Bulgarian state railways. The PJUT-2 converter is responsible for transformation of single-phase line voltage (900 V, 50 Hz) into five three-phase outputs 3 x 400 V, 50 Hz as well as DC output 135 V, 50 A to supply a great number of consumers.
Up to present this type of converter has met all expectations and proved very reliable on thyristorised locomotives not only for Bulgarian (BDŽ) but also for Rumanian (CFR), Croatian (HŽ) and Macedonian (MŽ) state railways.
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| | On the Acoustic Noise Radiated by PWM AC Motor Drives
By S. Laurentiu; M. Fadel; F. Jadot; B. De Fornel | [View]
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Abstract: The paper presents and analyses the experimental acoustic noise of AC motors controlled by drives using different PWM techniques. After a discussion upon PWM methods concerning noise reduction, measure based comparisons are interpreted. Five criteria are taken into account: motor type, motor power, rotor speed, switching frequency and PWM method.
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| | Position Sensorless Control of Three-Phase SRM for Hydraulic Pump Unit Driven by Newly Developed Power Converter
By T. Kosaka; K. Ohyama; Y. Nabeya; N. Matsui | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents the position sensorless drive of the SRM used in the hydraulic pump unit. In the drive system, a newly developed power converter, which is composed of a conventional power module with 3 legs, a discrete diode and a switching device, is used. The controller is intentionally designed for this application. The minimum and maximum speeds are 300rpm and 5000rpm. The speed response between the maximum and minimum speeds is within 100msec and the required starting torque is less than 20% of the rated torque. The experimental studies using the hydraulic pump unit show that the proposed sensorless control scheme satisfies the requirements of this application.
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| | Power Analyse and New Loss Minimisation Possibilities of a Tram System
By J. Joller; M. Lehtla | [View]
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Abstract: This paper deals with analyses of energy flows, conversions and losses in tram system. Proposals for improvement of tram systems' efficiency by help of ultracapacitors are described and modelled. Comparison of energy consumption of different tram drive types is given. The positions have been proven on trams of Tallinn.
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| | Presentation of an Efficient Design Methodology to develop IP-Core Functions for Control Systems: Application to the Design of an Antiwindup PID Controller
By E. Monmasson; L. Charaabi; I. Slama-Belkhodja | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents an efficient design methodology to develop IP-Core functions in VHDL for
control systems. This methodology is able to cope with different optimization constraints such as the
reduction of both the development time and the execution time and the minimization of the consumed
resources of the chip. Our approach uses the AAA methodology (Algorithm Architecture Adequation),
which allows to rapidly develop and optimize the implantation of the DFG (Data Flow Graph) of an
algorithm. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this methodology, the authors present the implantation
of an antiwindup PID controller on a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) applied to the
control of a DC/DC converter.
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| | Sensorless Control of High Speed Brushless DC Motor
By Z. Krzemiñski; A. Ivanov; M. Wlas; B. Bojarczy | [View]
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Abstract: A control system for high speed brushless DC motor is presented in the paper. Sensorless control algorithm is proposed based on calculation of back electromotive force. Switching of the inverter in dependence of integral of bemf is applied. Optimization of switching level is proposed and experimental results are presented.
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| | Simulation Model of the Main Electrical Drive of the Thyristorized Locomotive
By J. Ungarov; V. Cesic; N. Tezak | [View]
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Abstract: In this paper a simulation model of the locomotive's main electrical drive and its corresponding control structure is presented. Software package for implementation of the simulation model and its concept, are briefly discussed. Furthermore, some additional outcomes gained by the usage of the simulation model are included (e.g. estimation of the drive's traction/braking force). Additionally, a verification of the simulation model is described, illustrated with few diagrams.
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| | Simulation of Power Trains for Hybrids and Electrical-Cars
By D. Gospodaric; A. Schmenkel | [View]
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Abstract: The examination of power trains in vehicles requires special techniques for the modelling of different electrical/electromagnetic components and electronics. System considerations of automobile power trains result in the need for mixed technology, mixed mode simulation at a high abstraction level. At the same time high accuracy is required to gain significant results. To reach these contrary goals, qualified evaluation of components' physics is necessary as well as a suitable generation of behavioural models on system levels. Beside usual electronic systems, electrical drives and actuators, modern cars show highly non-linear and dynamic components such as electrical valve trains, integrated starter generators and electrical machines for hybrid and E-car applications. In addition new energy storage concepts and components as well as main and auxiliary networks have to be considered. Here many types of phisical effects have to be regarded, which are static, stationary or dynamic in nature. Power, energy and torque related parameters have to be evaluated. The way to transfer physical behaviour to simplified component models, well suited for system level simulation is shown. System level simulations gives the opportunity to detect exceptional status of the system and to perform extensive tests within the simulation of complete cars of any type as conventional, hybrid and electrical cars.
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| | Structure and Test Results of IGCT High Power Voltage Source Inverter with Heat Pipe Cooling System
By S. Januszewski; K. Zymmer; A. Jasinski; Z. Zakrzewski | [View]
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Abstract: The paper presents a new design solution of a power electronic indirect frequency converter with an output power of 1.5 MVA at 3 × 690 V. The supply voltage is 3 × 690 V, frequency control range 2 ÷ 52 Hz. The 3-phase, bridge-type system of the converter was realized with turn-off type IGCT thyristors, with lower power losses as compared with GTO thyristors and more advantageous dynamic properties (short turn-off times). An original cooling system was applied which consists of heat pipes directly carrying away the power losses of the IGCT thyristors. In this way a reduction of the thyristor set volume by 2.5 times was achieved. A microprocessor control was applied together with a diagnostic and monitoring system. The frequency converter is subjected to laboratory tests at present. It can be used for the speed control of induction motors for pump, fan and belt conveyor drives, etc.
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