EPE Association: EPE 1999 - Topic 05j: Applications - Locomotives, Planes, Boats, Industrial Applications, etc...

EPE 1999 - Topic 05j: Applications - Locomotives, Planes, Boats, Industrial Applications, etc...
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 05: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 1999 - Topic 05j: Applications - Locomotives, Planes, Boats, Industrial Applications, etc...

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   A New Transformerless Topology for AC-Fed Traction Vehicles using Multi-Star Induction Motors
By M. Steiner; R. Deplazes; H. Stemmler [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Conventional traction vehicles for AC-mains contain a line-transformer in the propulsion chain. This transformer, especially for 15 kV/16.7 Hz main lines, is bulky, expensive and has high losses. This paper proposes a completely new transformerless configuration which reduces weight and dimensions of the drive power chain and improves the efficiency. On the line side, series connected voltage source inverters are directly connected via a line choke to the overhead line. This leads to DC-links on different voltage potentials, which ask for a new motor concept. The proposed 3-star induction motor with three independent 3-phase windings is fed by three 3-phase inverters on different voltage potentials. A new control structure for this 3-star induction motor becomes necessary and is proposed.

   Advanced Anti-Slip Control for Rail Vehicles - Tests and Evaluation
By T. Ando; M. Suzuki; K. Nakata; T. Kaneko; K. Ito; A. Horie [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes an advanced anti-slip control for electric rail vehicles, running test results of a rail vehicle and a practical evaluation method of anti-slip control performance. The anti-slip control which is designated the "re-adhesion point detection type" suppresses wheel slip or skid and detects readhesion points so that motor torque can be returned quickly after a slip or skid is finished. It ensures less slip and better use of available adhesion using a simple method. Four evaluation factors, adhesion utilization rate, vehicle acceleration, slip magnitude and vehicle vibration are defined. They are calculated from measurement data of vehicle running tests or real time simulator tests. Three anti-slip controls, the proposed re-adhesion point detection type, maximum adhesion trace type and conventional type, are compared using the evaluation factors. The former two anti-slip controls have better performance on all the factors than the third conventional anti-slip control.

   Advanced Multi-System Locomotives using 6,5 kV-Power Semiconductors
By A. Fuchs; T. Friedrich; R. Marquardt [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Multi-system locomotives and high-speed trains are gaining increased importance- especially for Europe’s common market. Up to four different railway supply systems (AC 15 kV/16 2/3 Hz, AC 25 kV/50 Hz and 1.5 kV DC, 3 kV DC) are installed throughout Europe. From the technical side, multi-system locomotives are implicating a lot of challenges. In the past many designs suffered from high weight of the electrical equipment, complexity of the power circuit and restricted performance. As a key point for major improvements the development of powerful 6.5 kV-power semiconductors (GTOs, IGBTs, diodes) has been initiated since several years. These semiconductors enable the use of standard two-level inverters operating directly off the 3 kV DC line. Combined with the well established modular power converter concept using two-level half bridges, a simplified and uniform main circuit and control structure becomes possible. The significant advantages of this technical concept and its stability for the future (6.5 kV - IGBT) are explained together with the application in new multi-system locomotives.

   An Optimised Control Strategy for Double Star Motors Configuration in Redundancy Operation Mode
By S. Mantero; E. De Paola; G. Marina [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The newest Adtranz Italian Locomotive, FS E464, to be developed for the Italian Railway, has, during normal operation, four double star asynchronous motors supplie with GTO water cooled inverters. The availability requirements for the E464 make it necessary to have a redundant circuit: it has to bee guaranteed an emergency mode operation in case of one damaged inverter. In this paper the so called "redundancy operation mode" is described; control strategy, stability analysis, experimental and practical results will be presented.

   Bi-directional Electrical Drive of a Linear Movement with Improved Characteristics for Spacecraft Applications
By S. I. Volsky; E. A. Lomonova; J.B. Klaassens [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An electrical drive based on the use of a linear motor for a bi-directional movement is proposed as a part of an on-board spacecraft compressor. This mechatronic system is developed for pumping the reagent-grade gas (helium) where the presence of any active lubricant (oil, grease) has to be excluded. The functional deescription and construction of the proposed linear motor with a power converter are discussed. the obtained analytical eexpressions for the mechanical and energy performance indexes for the steady-state operation of the linear motor are verified by a PSpice-oriented simulation model. Experimental results of a laboratory setup are presented in the paper. The modes of the efficient operating regimes with a maximum mechanical output power are defined. the recommendations for the development of the control laws are discussed.

   Control and design requirements of an electromechanical actuator for active lateral suspension of rail vehicles
By P. Kjellqvist; F. Carlsson; S. Östlund [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An electromechanical actuator for active lateral suspension of a rail vehicle is described. The performance of a rail vehicle equipped with an active suspension based on such an actuator is simulated and the influence of the actuator on passenger comfort is studied. The simulation model is verified with practical experiments on an experimental set up. From simulations and experiments, design parameters for the actuator are obtained. To show the feasibility of an active electric lateral suspension, a preliminary design of an actuator is made.

   Dynamic Stator Flux Track Length Control for high power IGBT Converter in Traction Drives
By K. Wörner; A. Steimel; F. Hoffmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A control scheme for high power IGBT traction inverter drives with dynamic torque guidance suitable for low switching frequency is presented. Contrasting known synchronous Pulse Width Modulation Track Length Control derives the switching commands from comparing stator flux instantaneous values with controllable thresholds, which results in robust and highly dynamic behaviour. Characteristics are explained and verified by measurements.

   Electromechanical Interactions in a High Speed Railway Traction System: Comparison between two drive control structures
By P. Escané; C. Lochot; M. david; B. de Fornel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a comparison between two drive structures for a multimachine/mono-converter system, versus a mechanical disturbance. The studied system is a high-speed railway system, for which the mechanical load, in particular the wheel/rail contact law, is completely modelled.

   Harmonic Distortions in Power System of Diesel Electric Propelled Ships
By S. Iden; G. H. Vaupel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A high line quality is very essential for operating an “electric ship”. Guarantees for special performance of power quality demanded by the customer before the ships are build make calculations and simulations necessary. This paper describes a suitable simulation tool with the example of a cruise liner with a current-source converter drive system. The results of the simulation are compared with measurements on board of the ship. The measurements concerning mains pollution were executed on board of the ship while doing its normal schedule operation. The paper describes the electric drives realised by two 21 MW synchronous motors controlled by current source converters. The results show a very good performance and meet previous simulations and meet all standards and customer’s requirements.

   Highly Flexible Motor Control Possible for the Appliance Market
By C. Vaidyanathan; P. Kettle; F. Moynihan; B. Lehman [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper discusses the implementation of the discretised Extended Kalman Estimlator for estimating the rotor speed and position of a three-phase permanent magnet machine. In cost sensitive applications like the newly emerging ones in domestic appliances (compressors, washing machines and air conditioners), a sensorless commutation scheme is often desirable because it eliminates the need for mechanical sensors. The experimental results presented in this paper validate the fact that with the advent of embedded DSP based motor controllers, the commutation and control of the motor in real time is a reality. The implementation and execution of the algorithm together with the current and speed loop controllers is illustrated and the development of the entire drive detailed. The results of this work are compared with some previous work.

   Mechanisms of Generation and Corrective Actions Against Conductive EMI in the Line Current of the E 402 B Locomotive for the Italian State Railway
By C. Däubler [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The limit values for conductive EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) in the line current that must be adhered to by locomotive operated in the 3 kV system of the Italian State Railway (FS) are exceptionally low in the range from 32 to 65 Hz. In order to ensure compliance with these requirements, the complete system was subjected to a detailed examination. This report explains the possible causes of EMI currents and states how the necessary corrective action can be defined and implemented. The changes described here facilitate unrestricted operation.

   Optimum Torque Transmission for High-Speed Locomotives: Cardan Hollow Shaft or Axle-Hung Drive
By A. Binder; O. Körner; R. Pfeiffer; A. Jöckel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: For modern high-power locomotives with inverter-fed induction motors, torque transmission to the wheelsets is done either by cardan hollow shaft or by axle-hung drives. For both transmission principles, the dynamic forces acting both on the motor and on the track have to be regarded. Also the forces in the gear must be addressed. In the paper, a detailed realistic simulation model for both drives is presented. The results of simulation studies show that the simpler and less expensive axle-hung drive seems to be a good alternative to the much more complex and expensive cardan hollow shaft drive, even in the higher speed range up to 200 km/h.

   PWM Convertor Controlability as Variable Impedance for On-Board Power Source of Maglev Vehicle
By T. Watanabe; N. Fukuda; S. Hatsukade [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We are developing a linear generator system as an onboard power source for Maglev vehicles. This linear generator system mainly consists of power collecting coils and has a Pulse Width Modulated convertor that functions as an impedance to compensate for reactive power in the generator circuit. The PWM convertor detects only instantaneous currents and realizes the unity power factor control with excellent performance. Nevertheless, the measured impedance of the circuit differs from that estimated from the parameters of PWM convertor. The system becomes unstable when we set certain impedance values for the PWM convertor. We analyzed the control system as a closed loop digital control system and derived the impedance realized in the circuit. We also obtained stable areas of impedance and currents from the conditions of stability of digital control system. The analyzed results of stability were in agreement with simulation results.

   Speed Sensorless Control of Traction Drives - Experiences on Vehicles
By T. Frenzke; F. Hoffmann; H-G. Langer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, we would like to describe some of our own experiences with speed sensorless control of traction drives. Not only laboratory results are discussed but also detailed results obtained with vehicles during test runs on the COMBINOÒ, an ultra-low-floor tram from Siemens Transportation Systems and on a trolley bus. Even with these high-quality traction systems, only those quantities insensitive to interference were measured, namely stator currents and the DC link voltage. Dispensing with the speed sensors does not have any negative effects on the motor control system but increases the availability of the vehicles while reducing the life-cycle costs at the same time.

   The Design of Three Phase Induction Motors for High Speed Drives in Domestic Applications
By H.-S. Rajamani; D. R. H. Carter; R. A. McMahon [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the requirements of a wide-speed range induction motor drive for domestic appliances, using the horizontal-axis washing machine as an example. A procedure to choose drive parameters that attempts to optimise the drive cost and performance is demonstrated.

EPE 1999 - Topic 05j: Applications - Locomotives, Planes, Boats, Industrial Applications, etc...
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 05: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 1999 - Topic 05j: Applications - Locomotives, Planes, Boats, Industrial Applications, etc...
	[return to parent folder]

	A New Transformerless Topology for AC-Fed Traction Vehicles using Multi-Star Induction Motors By M. Steiner; R. Deplazes; H. Stemmler	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Conventional traction vehicles for AC-mains contain a line-transformer in the propulsion chain. This transformer, especially for 15 kV/16.7 Hz main lines, is bulky, expensive and has high losses. This paper proposes a completely new transformerless configuration which reduces weight and dimensions of the drive power chain and improves the efficiency. On the line side, series connected voltage source inverters are directly connected via a line choke to the overhead line. This leads to DC-links on different voltage potentials, which ask for a new motor concept. The proposed 3-star induction motor with three independent 3-phase windings is fed by three 3-phase inverters on different voltage potentials. A new control structure for this 3-star induction motor becomes necessary and is proposed.

	Advanced Anti-Slip Control for Rail Vehicles - Tests and Evaluation By T. Ando; M. Suzuki; K. Nakata; T. Kaneko; K. Ito; A. Horie	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes an advanced anti-slip control for electric rail vehicles, running test results of a rail vehicle and a practical evaluation method of anti-slip control performance. The anti-slip control which is designated the "re-adhesion point detection type" suppresses wheel slip or skid and detects readhesion points so that motor torque can be returned quickly after a slip or skid is finished. It ensures less slip and better use of available adhesion using a simple method. Four evaluation factors, adhesion utilization rate, vehicle acceleration, slip magnitude and vehicle vibration are defined. They are calculated from measurement data of vehicle running tests or real time simulator tests. Three anti-slip controls, the proposed re-adhesion point detection type, maximum adhesion trace type and conventional type, are compared using the evaluation factors. The former two anti-slip controls have better performance on all the factors than the third conventional anti-slip control.

	Advanced Multi-System Locomotives using 6,5 kV-Power Semiconductors By A. Fuchs; T. Friedrich; R. Marquardt	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Multi-system locomotives and high-speed trains are gaining increased importance- especially for Europe’s common market. Up to four different railway supply systems (AC 15 kV/16 2/3 Hz, AC 25 kV/50 Hz and 1.5 kV DC, 3 kV DC) are installed throughout Europe. From the technical side, multi-system locomotives are implicating a lot of challenges. In the past many designs suffered from high weight of the electrical equipment, complexity of the power circuit and restricted performance. As a key point for major improvements the development of powerful 6.5 kV-power semiconductors (GTOs, IGBTs, diodes) has been initiated since several years. These semiconductors enable the use of standard two-level inverters operating directly off the 3 kV DC line. Combined with the well established modular power converter concept using two-level half bridges, a simplified and uniform main circuit and control structure becomes possible. The significant advantages of this technical concept and its stability for the future (6.5 kV - IGBT) are explained together with the application in new multi-system locomotives.

	An Optimised Control Strategy for Double Star Motors Configuration in Redundancy Operation Mode By S. Mantero; E. De Paola; G. Marina	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The newest Adtranz Italian Locomotive, FS E464, to be developed for the Italian Railway, has, during normal operation, four double star asynchronous motors supplie with GTO water cooled inverters. The availability requirements for the E464 make it necessary to have a redundant circuit: it has to bee guaranteed an emergency mode operation in case of one damaged inverter. In this paper the so called "redundancy operation mode" is described; control strategy, stability analysis, experimental and practical results will be presented.

	Bi-directional Electrical Drive of a Linear Movement with Improved Characteristics for Spacecraft Applications By S. I. Volsky; E. A. Lomonova; J.B. Klaassens	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An electrical drive based on the use of a linear motor for a bi-directional movement is proposed as a part of an on-board spacecraft compressor. This mechatronic system is developed for pumping the reagent-grade gas (helium) where the presence of any active lubricant (oil, grease) has to be excluded. The functional deescription and construction of the proposed linear motor with a power converter are discussed. the obtained analytical eexpressions for the mechanical and energy performance indexes for the steady-state operation of the linear motor are verified by a PSpice-oriented simulation model. Experimental results of a laboratory setup are presented in the paper. The modes of the efficient operating regimes with a maximum mechanical output power are defined. the recommendations for the development of the control laws are discussed.

	Control and design requirements of an electromechanical actuator for active lateral suspension of rail vehicles By P. Kjellqvist; F. Carlsson; S. Östlund	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An electromechanical actuator for active lateral suspension of a rail vehicle is described. The performance of a rail vehicle equipped with an active suspension based on such an actuator is simulated and the influence of the actuator on passenger comfort is studied. The simulation model is verified with practical experiments on an experimental set up. From simulations and experiments, design parameters for the actuator are obtained. To show the feasibility of an active electric lateral suspension, a preliminary design of an actuator is made.

	Dynamic Stator Flux Track Length Control for high power IGBT Converter in Traction Drives By K. Wörner; A. Steimel; F. Hoffmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A control scheme for high power IGBT traction inverter drives with dynamic torque guidance suitable for low switching frequency is presented. Contrasting known synchronous Pulse Width Modulation Track Length Control derives the switching commands from comparing stator flux instantaneous values with controllable thresholds, which results in robust and highly dynamic behaviour. Characteristics are explained and verified by measurements.

	Electromechanical Interactions in a High Speed Railway Traction System: Comparison between two drive control structures By P. Escané; C. Lochot; M. david; B. de Fornel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a comparison between two drive structures for a multimachine/mono-converter system, versus a mechanical disturbance. The studied system is a high-speed railway system, for which the mechanical load, in particular the wheel/rail contact law, is completely modelled.

	Harmonic Distortions in Power System of Diesel Electric Propelled Ships By S. Iden; G. H. Vaupel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A high line quality is very essential for operating an “electric ship”. Guarantees for special performance of power quality demanded by the customer before the ships are build make calculations and simulations necessary. This paper describes a suitable simulation tool with the example of a cruise liner with a current-source converter drive system. The results of the simulation are compared with measurements on board of the ship. The measurements concerning mains pollution were executed on board of the ship while doing its normal schedule operation. The paper describes the electric drives realised by two 21 MW synchronous motors controlled by current source converters. The results show a very good performance and meet previous simulations and meet all standards and customer’s requirements.

	Highly Flexible Motor Control Possible for the Appliance Market By C. Vaidyanathan; P. Kettle; F. Moynihan; B. Lehman	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper discusses the implementation of the discretised Extended Kalman Estimlator for estimating the rotor speed and position of a three-phase permanent magnet machine. In cost sensitive applications like the newly emerging ones in domestic appliances (compressors, washing machines and air conditioners), a sensorless commutation scheme is often desirable because it eliminates the need for mechanical sensors. The experimental results presented in this paper validate the fact that with the advent of embedded DSP based motor controllers, the commutation and control of the motor in real time is a reality. The implementation and execution of the algorithm together with the current and speed loop controllers is illustrated and the development of the entire drive detailed. The results of this work are compared with some previous work.

	Mechanisms of Generation and Corrective Actions Against Conductive EMI in the Line Current of the E 402 B Locomotive for the Italian State Railway By C. Däubler	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The limit values for conductive EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) in the line current that must be adhered to by locomotive operated in the 3 kV system of the Italian State Railway (FS) are exceptionally low in the range from 32 to 65 Hz. In order to ensure compliance with these requirements, the complete system was subjected to a detailed examination. This report explains the possible causes of EMI currents and states how the necessary corrective action can be defined and implemented. The changes described here facilitate unrestricted operation.

	Optimum Torque Transmission for High-Speed Locomotives: Cardan Hollow Shaft or Axle-Hung Drive By A. Binder; O. Körner; R. Pfeiffer; A. Jöckel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: For modern high-power locomotives with inverter-fed induction motors, torque transmission to the wheelsets is done either by cardan hollow shaft or by axle-hung drives. For both transmission principles, the dynamic forces acting both on the motor and on the track have to be regarded. Also the forces in the gear must be addressed. In the paper, a detailed realistic simulation model for both drives is presented. The results of simulation studies show that the simpler and less expensive axle-hung drive seems to be a good alternative to the much more complex and expensive cardan hollow shaft drive, even in the higher speed range up to 200 km/h.

	PWM Convertor Controlability as Variable Impedance for On-Board Power Source of Maglev Vehicle By T. Watanabe; N. Fukuda; S. Hatsukade	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We are developing a linear generator system as an onboard power source for Maglev vehicles. This linear generator system mainly consists of power collecting coils and has a Pulse Width Modulated convertor that functions as an impedance to compensate for reactive power in the generator circuit. The PWM convertor detects only instantaneous currents and realizes the unity power factor control with excellent performance. Nevertheless, the measured impedance of the circuit differs from that estimated from the parameters of PWM convertor. The system becomes unstable when we set certain impedance values for the PWM convertor. We analyzed the control system as a closed loop digital control system and derived the impedance realized in the circuit. We also obtained stable areas of impedance and currents from the conditions of stability of digital control system. The analyzed results of stability were in agreement with simulation results.

	Speed Sensorless Control of Traction Drives - Experiences on Vehicles By T. Frenzke; F. Hoffmann; H-G. Langer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, we would like to describe some of our own experiences with speed sensorless control of traction drives. Not only laboratory results are discussed but also detailed results obtained with vehicles during test runs on the COMBINOÒ, an ultra-low-floor tram from Siemens Transportation Systems and on a trolley bus. Even with these high-quality traction systems, only those quantities insensitive to interference were measured, namely stator currents and the DC link voltage. Dispensing with the speed sensors does not have any negative effects on the motor control system but increases the availability of the vehicles while reducing the life-cycle costs at the same time.

	The Design of Three Phase Induction Motors for High Speed Drives in Domestic Applications By H.-S. Rajamani; D. R. H. Carter; R. A. McMahon	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the requirements of a wide-speed range induction motor drive for domestic appliances, using the horizontal-axis washing machine as an example. A procedure to choose drive parameters that attempts to optimise the drive cost and performance is demonstrated.