EPE Association: EPE 1999 - Topic 05c: A.C. and D.C. Machines

EPE 1999 - Topic 05c: A.C. and D.C. Machines
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 05: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 1999 - Topic 05c: A.C. and D.C. Machines

   [return to parent folder]

   A Novel Rotor Time Constant Estimation Method for PWM-CSI
By M. Salo; H. Tuusa [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper the control of the PWM current source inverter fed induction motor drive is discussed. The capacitive currents drawn by the load filter are compensated without any measurements. The compensation is based on the combined steady state equations of the load filter and the motor. Also, a new simple on-line estimation method for a rotor time constant is presented. The proposed estimation method is based on the error between the measured and reference value of the stator current imaginary axis component. The validity of the suggested control methods are verified by simulation.

   A Direct Torque Controlled Synchronous Motor Drive Concept For Dynamically demanding applications
By J. Pyrhönen; O. Pyrhönen; M. Niemela; J. Luukko [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The synchronous machine DTC combines the direct flux linkage control (DFLC) based "voltage model" with the two-axis inductance and resistance parameter based "current model" to achieve the best performance. The field winding current control is an essential part of the synchronous motor DTC drive. A pole angle limitation method is needed to maintain stability especially in the field weakening area.

   A Novel Channel Type Linear Induction Motor with Alterable Pole-pitch
By S. Katoh; W. Jeon; T. Iwamoto; K. Hayashi; A. Nakamoto; T. Yamamura; T. Onuki [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes a novel channel type linear induction motor for improving the source efficiency by the compaction of structure. The proposed motor is composed by one pair of primary-cores and an additional one with a common ring winding, and its secondaries. The feature of the motor is that the undesirable vertical force is offset by the symmetrical double-sized construction and the secondary velocity is controlled by alterable pole-pitch. From the investigation by the three-dimensional finite element analysis and experiment, we derive an optimal feeding condition to the varying load concerned, and then verify that the proposed motor is effective for practical use.

   A Statistical Method for the Prediction of Noise from Induction Motors
By C. Wang; J. C. S. Lai [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The traditional approach for the prediction of noise radiated from induction motors is usually based on finite element and/or boundary element methods. While these methods have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of the radiated noise at low frequencies (usually well below 2 kHz) and for small motors, the demands on computing memory and time render calculations at high frequencies and for large motors almost impossible to make. In this paper, a statistical method especially suited for calculations at high frequencies is introduced. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the method and particularly its ability to discem the contribution of various components of a motor to the overall radiated noise.

   Comparison between Adaptive Flux Observer- and Extended Kalman Filter Based Algorithms for Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drives
By S. Stasi; L. Salvatore; F. Cupertino [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a comparison between the performances of an adaptive flux observer and those of an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm, used to estimate the rotor flux components, rotor resistance, and inverse rotor time constant, in direct vector-controlled induction motor drives. The estimates are obtained by measuring stator voltages, stator currents, and rotor speed.

   Conditions of safely supplying of DSIM by two PWM-VSI
By N. Moubayed; F. Meibody-Tabar; B. Davat; I. Rasoanarivo [View]
[Download]

Abstract: One simple and efficient way to apply a power segmentation in AC machine PWM-VSI set consists in realising multi-star windings and supplying each one by its own three phase PWM-VSI. This leads theoretically to use modular inverters of lower power (current or/and voltage) which allows higher chopping frequency. With this power segmentation method, it is possible to supply one or more than one of star windings if for any reason some of them cannot be supplied. In this paper, one treats the example of a Double Star Induction Machine (DSIM) supplied by two PWM-VSI. The model of the machine highlights the eventuality of appearance of high amplitude current ripples if there is a strong magnetic coupling between the star windings. The conditions of safely supplying of DSIM are given and are validated by simulation and experimental results. One presents, finally, the conception of multi-star windings with weak magnetic coupling in AC machines.

   Current Digital Control Influence on Performance of Induction Motor Indirect Field Oriented Control
By B. Robyns; R. Meures; P. Sente [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show, theoretically and experimentally, the influence of the current control strategy on the flux control sensitivity to parameter uncertainties in indirect field oriented control. The results deduced from a theoretical sensitivity analysis taking into account the magnetic saturation effect have been confirmed by experiments, and have already been used in an industrial application.

   Design and Test Results of a High Speed Bearingless Reluctance Motor
By L. Hertel; W. Hofmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a high speed bearingless reluctance machine is suggested. the combination of a 4-pole motor winding and a 2-pole bearing winding is used for torque and radial force generation. A more detailed specification of the operational performance and the estimation of parameters by field calculations are presented. Particularities at the choice of the components of the test machine for high speed are shown. Test results at standstill and high speed give an idea of the operational behaviour.

   Drift Correction Methods of the Stator Flux Linkage in DTC SM-Drives
By M. Niemelä; J. Pyrhönen; O. Pyrhönen; J. Luukko [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A combination of the Direct Flux Linkage Control (DFLC) based voltage model and the method to supervise the flux linkage estimate is called a Direct Torque Control (DTC). Normally the two-axis inductance and resistance parameter based current model is used as a supervising model to achieve the best performance. This paper studies an other method for the eccentricity correction in DTCdrives.

   Field Oriented Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine using Coupled Microcontrollers
By D.J. Atkinson; B. Hopfensperger; R.A. Lakin [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A doubly-fed induction machine drive / generator is employed for limited speed range applications facilitating the use of a power converter with reduced rating. The stator flux oriented control of the drive is described with experimental results. A coupled microcontroller implementation allows real time active and reactive power control.

   Field Oriented Control of the Induction Motor Fed by a 3x3 Matrix Converter
By P. Drozdowski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents the control strategy based on the field oriented control of the cage induction motor fed by the 3×3 matrix converter. The operation of the motor is almost the same as for the supply by the voltage source inverter. The greatest advantage is in the possibility of direct change from the motor operation to the regenerative braking, since there are no the multiple conversion stages. The results of simulation were obtained using program IsSPICE. Together with the results the effective methods of modelling, suitable for this program, are shown. Additionally the other control strategies are discussed.

   Generating Mechanism of a parametric Oscillation in a Parametric Motor
By Y. Sakamoto; T. Ogasawara; M. Natsusaka; K. Murakami [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We have already proposed the laminated core type parametric motor, which is comparable to conventional single phase induction motors with respect to output and efficiency. In this paper, the generating mechanism of a parametric oscillation in a laminated core type parametric motor is studied to further improve the characteristics of the motor, considering the behavior of the magnetic flux in the stator and analyzing the differential equation obtained from the simple magnetic circuit model of the motor.

   Improving Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors
By I. Ludtke; A. Arias; M.G. Jayne [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The application of the field oriented control method for variable speed induction motor drives leads to a complex control system structure. Generally, a closed loop field oriented control system consists of the following components: PID controller for motor flux and torque, current and/or voltage decoupling network, complex coordinate transformation, two axis to three axis converter, voltage or current modulator, flux and torque estimator, and PID) (sliding mode) speed controller. In a direct torque control system, as introduced by Takahashi and Depenbrock in the mid 1980's, the first five components are replaced by two hysteresis comparators and a selection table. It has been shown that with this greatly simplified control structure, the drive performance can be significantly improved when compared to field oriented control. In the present paper, the principles and characteristics of a direct torque control system are considered. It is also shown that by means of a more complex selection table, the performance of the direct torque control system may be improved further.

   Medium Voltage Inverter Using High-Voltage IGBTs
By A. Mertens; M. Bruckmann; R. Sommer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a new range of medium voltage motor drives with a three-level neutral point clamped inverter using high-voltage IGBTs. Different line side converters are available, including a twelve pulse diode rectifier and an active front end converter in the same configuration as the inverter. Innovative features of the drive include series-connection of high-voltage IGBTs and a novel isolated voltage and current sensing system with fibre optic data transfer. The motor control is based on field-oriented vector control and an optimised PWM modulator, so that switching losses and current harmonics are minimised, resulting in no motor derating. A similar arrangement is used to control the active front end converter. The paper also includes information on the realisation of the converter and experimental results from laboratory and field tests.

   Position Control of Induction Motor by Means of VTC Strategy
By C. Attaianese; G. Tomasso; A. Perfetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the paper the Vectorial Torque Control (VTC) strategy is applied in order to achieve the position control of an induction motor fed by a VSI. VTC strategy consists in the generation of the inverter switching patterns as a function of the reference values both of the electromagnetic torque and of the controlled flux, by taking into account the time constants both of the stator and of the rotor circuit. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed control schema.

   Self-Commissioning Schemes for Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives
By A. Bellini; G. Franceschini; C. Tassoni [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A method for self-commissioning of controlled induction motor drives, able to estimate the five parameters of the usual equivalent circuit, is here presented. The validation of the parameters is performed by comparison with those obtained through different procedures. Dedicated algorithms have been developed and implemented in the control system in order to realize the set of procedures at standstill. Reference is made to flux-observer based field-oriented control, being accurate identification of machine parameters a major concern for this configuration. Practical results obtained with a prototype control board are reported.

   Sliding Mode Observer for the Direct Torque Control With An Optimised Switching Table
By J. Belhadj; M. Pietrzak-David; A. Ghazel; I. Slama-Belkhodja; B. de Fornel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: New structure of observation of the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque for the Direct Torque Control (DTC) of an induction motor based on sliding modes theory is defined. This control differs from the classical DTC solution by a definition of a new switching table that guarantees the optimisation of the voltage vector choice, which is defined in order to obtain a high dynamic torque response. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the behaviour of the proposed drive with the studied observer structure.

   State feedback control strategies of I.M.: a comparison
By C. Attaianese; S. Meo; A. Perfetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Aim of the paper is to show a detailed comparison among different control strategies oriented to vectorial control of induction motor drives. Control techniques based on the state feedback approach are compared with the traditional ones. After a full analysis of the proposed algorithms, some considerations are developed with respect to reduced values of torque and of the current ripple, respect to a fast response of the system and the parametric sensitivity.

   The Universal Medium Voltage Adjustable Speed Drive
By Y. Shakweh; E. A. Lewis [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) have recently witnessed significant improvements, which have made IGBT-based Medium Voltage (MV) Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) a commercially viable option in multi-megawatt Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) applications, historically dominated by SCR-based converters. The High Voltage (HV) IGBTs have enabled power converter designers to achieve cost competitive and compact equipment with improved performance. This paper reviews different types of ASD configurations and describes the design, development and application of a state of the art, universal IGBT-based MV, PWM VSI drive which delivers variable frequency sinusoidal voltage at its output terminals. The main feature of this converter is the use of series 3.3kV, 1200A IGBTs and a sine-wave-output filter.

EPE 1999 - Topic 05c: A.C. and D.C. Machines
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 05: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 1999 - Topic 05c: A.C. and D.C. Machines
	[return to parent folder]

	A Novel Rotor Time Constant Estimation Method for PWM-CSI By M. Salo; H. Tuusa	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper the control of the PWM current source inverter fed induction motor drive is discussed. The capacitive currents drawn by the load filter are compensated without any measurements. The compensation is based on the combined steady state equations of the load filter and the motor. Also, a new simple on-line estimation method for a rotor time constant is presented. The proposed estimation method is based on the error between the measured and reference value of the stator current imaginary axis component. The validity of the suggested control methods are verified by simulation.

	A Direct Torque Controlled Synchronous Motor Drive Concept For Dynamically demanding applications By J. Pyrhönen; O. Pyrhönen; M. Niemela; J. Luukko	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The synchronous machine DTC combines the direct flux linkage control (DFLC) based "voltage model" with the two-axis inductance and resistance parameter based "current model" to achieve the best performance. The field winding current control is an essential part of the synchronous motor DTC drive. A pole angle limitation method is needed to maintain stability especially in the field weakening area.

	A Novel Channel Type Linear Induction Motor with Alterable Pole-pitch By S. Katoh; W. Jeon; T. Iwamoto; K. Hayashi; A. Nakamoto; T. Yamamura; T. Onuki	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a novel channel type linear induction motor for improving the source efficiency by the compaction of structure. The proposed motor is composed by one pair of primary-cores and an additional one with a common ring winding, and its secondaries. The feature of the motor is that the undesirable vertical force is offset by the symmetrical double-sized construction and the secondary velocity is controlled by alterable pole-pitch. From the investigation by the three-dimensional finite element analysis and experiment, we derive an optimal feeding condition to the varying load concerned, and then verify that the proposed motor is effective for practical use.

	A Statistical Method for the Prediction of Noise from Induction Motors By C. Wang; J. C. S. Lai	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The traditional approach for the prediction of noise radiated from induction motors is usually based on finite element and/or boundary element methods. While these methods have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of the radiated noise at low frequencies (usually well below 2 kHz) and for small motors, the demands on computing memory and time render calculations at high frequencies and for large motors almost impossible to make. In this paper, a statistical method especially suited for calculations at high frequencies is introduced. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the method and particularly its ability to discem the contribution of various components of a motor to the overall radiated noise.

	Comparison between Adaptive Flux Observer- and Extended Kalman Filter Based Algorithms for Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drives By S. Stasi; L. Salvatore; F. Cupertino	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a comparison between the performances of an adaptive flux observer and those of an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm, used to estimate the rotor flux components, rotor resistance, and inverse rotor time constant, in direct vector-controlled induction motor drives. The estimates are obtained by measuring stator voltages, stator currents, and rotor speed.

	Conditions of safely supplying of DSIM by two PWM-VSI By N. Moubayed; F. Meibody-Tabar; B. Davat; I. Rasoanarivo	[View] [Download]
Abstract: One simple and efficient way to apply a power segmentation in AC machine PWM-VSI set consists in realising multi-star windings and supplying each one by its own three phase PWM-VSI. This leads theoretically to use modular inverters of lower power (current or/and voltage) which allows higher chopping frequency. With this power segmentation method, it is possible to supply one or more than one of star windings if for any reason some of them cannot be supplied. In this paper, one treats the example of a Double Star Induction Machine (DSIM) supplied by two PWM-VSI. The model of the machine highlights the eventuality of appearance of high amplitude current ripples if there is a strong magnetic coupling between the star windings. The conditions of safely supplying of DSIM are given and are validated by simulation and experimental results. One presents, finally, the conception of multi-star windings with weak magnetic coupling in AC machines.

	Current Digital Control Influence on Performance of Induction Motor Indirect Field Oriented Control By B. Robyns; R. Meures; P. Sente	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show, theoretically and experimentally, the influence of the current control strategy on the flux control sensitivity to parameter uncertainties in indirect field oriented control. The results deduced from a theoretical sensitivity analysis taking into account the magnetic saturation effect have been confirmed by experiments, and have already been used in an industrial application.

	Design and Test Results of a High Speed Bearingless Reluctance Motor By L. Hertel; W. Hofmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a high speed bearingless reluctance machine is suggested. the combination of a 4-pole motor winding and a 2-pole bearing winding is used for torque and radial force generation. A more detailed specification of the operational performance and the estimation of parameters by field calculations are presented. Particularities at the choice of the components of the test machine for high speed are shown. Test results at standstill and high speed give an idea of the operational behaviour.

	Drift Correction Methods of the Stator Flux Linkage in DTC SM-Drives By M. Niemelä; J. Pyrhönen; O. Pyrhönen; J. Luukko	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A combination of the Direct Flux Linkage Control (DFLC) based voltage model and the method to supervise the flux linkage estimate is called a Direct Torque Control (DTC). Normally the two-axis inductance and resistance parameter based current model is used as a supervising model to achieve the best performance. This paper studies an other method for the eccentricity correction in DTCdrives.

	Field Oriented Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine using Coupled Microcontrollers By D.J. Atkinson; B. Hopfensperger; R.A. Lakin	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A doubly-fed induction machine drive / generator is employed for limited speed range applications facilitating the use of a power converter with reduced rating. The stator flux oriented control of the drive is described with experimental results. A coupled microcontroller implementation allows real time active and reactive power control.

	Field Oriented Control of the Induction Motor Fed by a 3x3 Matrix Converter By P. Drozdowski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents the control strategy based on the field oriented control of the cage induction motor fed by the 3×3 matrix converter. The operation of the motor is almost the same as for the supply by the voltage source inverter. The greatest advantage is in the possibility of direct change from the motor operation to the regenerative braking, since there are no the multiple conversion stages. The results of simulation were obtained using program IsSPICE. Together with the results the effective methods of modelling, suitable for this program, are shown. Additionally the other control strategies are discussed.

	Generating Mechanism of a parametric Oscillation in a Parametric Motor By Y. Sakamoto; T. Ogasawara; M. Natsusaka; K. Murakami	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We have already proposed the laminated core type parametric motor, which is comparable to conventional single phase induction motors with respect to output and efficiency. In this paper, the generating mechanism of a parametric oscillation in a laminated core type parametric motor is studied to further improve the characteristics of the motor, considering the behavior of the magnetic flux in the stator and analyzing the differential equation obtained from the simple magnetic circuit model of the motor.

	Improving Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors By I. Ludtke; A. Arias; M.G. Jayne	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The application of the field oriented control method for variable speed induction motor drives leads to a complex control system structure. Generally, a closed loop field oriented control system consists of the following components: PID controller for motor flux and torque, current and/or voltage decoupling network, complex coordinate transformation, two axis to three axis converter, voltage or current modulator, flux and torque estimator, and PID) (sliding mode) speed controller. In a direct torque control system, as introduced by Takahashi and Depenbrock in the mid 1980's, the first five components are replaced by two hysteresis comparators and a selection table. It has been shown that with this greatly simplified control structure, the drive performance can be significantly improved when compared to field oriented control. In the present paper, the principles and characteristics of a direct torque control system are considered. It is also shown that by means of a more complex selection table, the performance of the direct torque control system may be improved further.

	Medium Voltage Inverter Using High-Voltage IGBTs By A. Mertens; M. Bruckmann; R. Sommer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a new range of medium voltage motor drives with a three-level neutral point clamped inverter using high-voltage IGBTs. Different line side converters are available, including a twelve pulse diode rectifier and an active front end converter in the same configuration as the inverter. Innovative features of the drive include series-connection of high-voltage IGBTs and a novel isolated voltage and current sensing system with fibre optic data transfer. The motor control is based on field-oriented vector control and an optimised PWM modulator, so that switching losses and current harmonics are minimised, resulting in no motor derating. A similar arrangement is used to control the active front end converter. The paper also includes information on the realisation of the converter and experimental results from laboratory and field tests.

	Position Control of Induction Motor by Means of VTC Strategy By C. Attaianese; G. Tomasso; A. Perfetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the paper the Vectorial Torque Control (VTC) strategy is applied in order to achieve the position control of an induction motor fed by a VSI. VTC strategy consists in the generation of the inverter switching patterns as a function of the reference values both of the electromagnetic torque and of the controlled flux, by taking into account the time constants both of the stator and of the rotor circuit. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed control schema.

	Self-Commissioning Schemes for Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives By A. Bellini; G. Franceschini; C. Tassoni	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A method for self-commissioning of controlled induction motor drives, able to estimate the five parameters of the usual equivalent circuit, is here presented. The validation of the parameters is performed by comparison with those obtained through different procedures. Dedicated algorithms have been developed and implemented in the control system in order to realize the set of procedures at standstill. Reference is made to flux-observer based field-oriented control, being accurate identification of machine parameters a major concern for this configuration. Practical results obtained with a prototype control board are reported.

	Sliding Mode Observer for the Direct Torque Control With An Optimised Switching Table By J. Belhadj; M. Pietrzak-David; A. Ghazel; I. Slama-Belkhodja; B. de Fornel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: New structure of observation of the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque for the Direct Torque Control (DTC) of an induction motor based on sliding modes theory is defined. This control differs from the classical DTC solution by a definition of a new switching table that guarantees the optimisation of the voltage vector choice, which is defined in order to obtain a high dynamic torque response. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the behaviour of the proposed drive with the studied observer structure.

	State feedback control strategies of I.M.: a comparison By C. Attaianese; S. Meo; A. Perfetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Aim of the paper is to show a detailed comparison among different control strategies oriented to vectorial control of induction motor drives. Control techniques based on the state feedback approach are compared with the traditional ones. After a full analysis of the proposed algorithms, some considerations are developed with respect to reduced values of torque and of the current ripple, respect to a fast response of the system and the parametric sensitivity.

	The Universal Medium Voltage Adjustable Speed Drive By Y. Shakweh; E. A. Lewis	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) have recently witnessed significant improvements, which have made IGBT-based Medium Voltage (MV) Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) a commercially viable option in multi-megawatt Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) applications, historically dominated by SCR-based converters. The High Voltage (HV) IGBTs have enabled power converter designers to achieve cost competitive and compact equipment with improved performance. This paper reviews different types of ASD configurations and describes the design, development and application of a state of the art, universal IGBT-based MV, PWM VSI drive which delivers variable frequency sinusoidal voltage at its output terminals. The main feature of this converter is the use of series 3.3kV, 1200A IGBTs and a sine-wave-output filter.