EPE Association: EPE 2025 - DS1a: Electric Road Vehicles

EPE 2025 - DS1a: Electric Road Vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2025 - Conference > EPE 2025 - Topic 01: Electromobility - The Powerful Factor in Reducing CO2 > EPE 2025 - DS1a: Electric Road Vehicles

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   A Feedback-Enhanced Approach to Modeling Semiconductor Ageing in Electric Vehicle Inverters
By Sebastian RODE, Hulin LIANG, Steffen BERNET [View]
[Download]

Abstract: With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles as a sustainable solution to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the reliability and lifetime calculation of power electronic converters, particularly semiconductor components, in traction inverters, become paramount.Utilizing a mission profile based on the worldwide harmonized light-duty test cycle, this paper introduces an advanced approach to calculate semiconductor lifetime of an EV traction inverter.Employing a functional model to calculate power losses and device temperatures. An ageing model, incorporating power cycling capability data in a LESIT model, determines consumed lifetime. The feedback loop integrates the consumed lifetime into the functional model, degrading thermal properties in proportion allowing the changing system characteristics to be taken into account during calculation. This positive feedback loop accelerates ageing, highlighting the significant influence on the lifetime assessment compared to conventional implementations.

   Comparative Evaluation of Two-Level Inverters and a Disruptive Multi-Level Solution: Impact of Switch Technology
By Rémi JARDOT, Anas LAHLOU, Guillaume KREBS, Francis ROY, Claude MARCHAND [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This study investigates the performance of electric vehicle drivetrains using various modeling techniques. A comprehensive approach combining Matlab Simulink and finite element analysis assesses electrical and mechanical outputs, efficiency, and losses in different components. The findings aim to compare drivetrain architectures (CHB like and SiC three-phase inverter architectures) and identify opportunities for performance optimization.

   Control of Battery-Integrated MMCs with NLM using Distributed Control Architecture
By Arvind BALACHANDRAN, Tomas JONSSON, Lars ERIKSSON [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Battery-integrated modular multilevel converters (BI-MMCs) have several series-connected submodules, each with a small battery module. This design has high cell-level control, potentially improving efficiency and battery lifespan compared to traditional EV battery inverter systems. A distributed control architecture is preferred for BI-MMCs with a large number of submodules, and in such control architectures, the communication network limits the sample rate of the reference signal. For variable speed drives, where the fundamental frequency can be up to a few kHz, the reference sampling frequency can adversely affect the submodule battery current quality and accuracy. The concept of reconstructing the reference signal at a higher sampling frequency than the communication link's update rate for BI-MMCs using nearest level modulation is introduced and validated through simulations and experimental results.

   Cost and Efficiency Optimization for a Reconfigurable E-Bike Battery System
By Julian ESTALLER, Wolfgang GRUPP, Nina SOROKINA, Andreas WIEDENMANN, Tobias HÖGERL, Johannes BUBERGER, Sebastian POHLMANN, Manuel KUDER, Thomas WEYH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This study optimized and evaluated the module voltage level of an e-bike's reconfigurable battery system for efficiency and costs against a conventional powertrain. For micromobility applications, findings indicate that with today's semiconductor switches, these systems remain less competitive than a conventional, two-level inverter powertrain, with a 5\% efficiency and 18\% cost disadvantage.

   Development of Integrated Functions in GaN
By Yovan Andyka MARCELINO, René ESCOFFIER, Bruno ALLARD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper takes advantages of Gallium Nitride (GaN) as an ideal material in the development of electronic devices for high power and frequency applications. The paper details the circuit design and implementation of logic and analogue gates using a GaN-on-SI, non isolated proprietary technology to create a gate driver circuit for driving and instrumenting wide-gap power transistors.

   Energetic properties of the fast charging and driving of an electric vehicle - A Ragone analysis
By Alfred RUFER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The energy efficiency of EV's is analysed for the charging and for the driving process where real parameters of a product of the automotive industry are considered. The efficiency in the charging mode is analysed and represented in function of the charging time. The maximum charging power allowed by the manufacturer is defining the lowest efficiency. For the driving mode, the efficiency is estimated with the help of a special tool called 'The Theory of Ragone plots'. The driving efficiency is calculated for the maximum possible propulsion power of the car and is represented in a dimensionless Ragone representation. The rated power of the car is represented in reference to the maximum possible power that can deliver the car battery.

   New design methodology for the calculation of the feed sections into which the acceleration track of a hyperloop vehicle is divided
By Gustavo NAVARRO, Marcos BLANCO, Jorge NÁJERA, Eduardo RAUSELL, Valentín URDA, Marcos LAFOZ [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the design methodology used to optimize the number of sections into which the acceleration track of a Hyperloop-type vehicle is divided. In these types of vehicles, a pre-acceleration system is necessary to reach a speed close to cruising speed before the main propulsion system can operate. For this purpose, a switched reluctance linear motor (LSRM), divided into what are called unitary machines (UMs) connected in series, is proposed along with a converter to control thrust force generated by the motor. The methodology is applied to a specific case (mission) where a mass of 250 kg needs to be accelerated over a distance of 60 m to reach a speed of 120 km/h. As a result of the proposed methodology, the number of sections into which the linear motor is divided, the number of UMs per section, and the optimal turn-on and turn-off angles of the LSRM phases are determined to achieve the target force profile

   Power Hardware and Driver-in-the-Loop for Battery Testing applied to Electrified Vehicles
By Florian TOURNEZ, Walter LHOMME, Alain BOUSCAYROL, Ronan GERMAN, Betty LEMAIRE-SEMAIL, Aurélien LIEVRE, Mariam SANCHEZ-TORRES [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a unified approach to include a driver and a power subsystem in a testing simulation loop. The aim is to create a kind of lab- based vehicle offering an alternative to the Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) approach or vehicle prototype for battery testing. This lab-based vehicle is built around experimental test benches and a driving simulator to reproduce a vehicle in laboratory. A unified approach is used to easily identify inputs and outputs between the model vehicle and the emulation interfaces. The unified approach is based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism. A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (P-HiL) simulation is introduced for battery testing. Furthermore, standalone battery testing is extended to include a Driver in the Loop (DiL). A case study based on a retrofitted Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (P-HEV) is presented with experimental results.

   TRACKSIM: A Multi-Level Simulation Framework for Near-Life Battery Data Generation
By Nicolai WEINREICH, Xin SUI, Remus TEODORESCU, Kim LARSEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Data-driven methods in the battery intelligence field are highly dependent on data similar to the targeted application. This paper introduces the multi-level simulation framework TRACKSIM as a tool to generate realistic synthetic battery cell data for training data-driven models. A use-case for State-Of-Health (SOH) estimation is presented.

EPE 2025 - DS1a: Electric Road Vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2025 - Conference > EPE 2025 - Topic 01: Electromobility - The Powerful Factor in Reducing CO2 > EPE 2025 - DS1a: Electric Road Vehicles
	[return to parent folder]

	A Feedback-Enhanced Approach to Modeling Semiconductor Ageing in Electric Vehicle Inverters By Sebastian RODE, Hulin LIANG, Steffen BERNET	[View] [Download]
Abstract: With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles as a sustainable solution to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the reliability and lifetime calculation of power electronic converters, particularly semiconductor components, in traction inverters, become paramount.Utilizing a mission profile based on the worldwide harmonized light-duty test cycle, this paper introduces an advanced approach to calculate semiconductor lifetime of an EV traction inverter.Employing a functional model to calculate power losses and device temperatures. An ageing model, incorporating power cycling capability data in a LESIT model, determines consumed lifetime. The feedback loop integrates the consumed lifetime into the functional model, degrading thermal properties in proportion allowing the changing system characteristics to be taken into account during calculation. This positive feedback loop accelerates ageing, highlighting the significant influence on the lifetime assessment compared to conventional implementations.

	Comparative Evaluation of Two-Level Inverters and a Disruptive Multi-Level Solution: Impact of Switch Technology By Rémi JARDOT, Anas LAHLOU, Guillaume KREBS, Francis ROY, Claude MARCHAND	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This study investigates the performance of electric vehicle drivetrains using various modeling techniques. A comprehensive approach combining Matlab Simulink and finite element analysis assesses electrical and mechanical outputs, efficiency, and losses in different components. The findings aim to compare drivetrain architectures (CHB like and SiC three-phase inverter architectures) and identify opportunities for performance optimization.

	Control of Battery-Integrated MMCs with NLM using Distributed Control Architecture By Arvind BALACHANDRAN, Tomas JONSSON, Lars ERIKSSON	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Battery-integrated modular multilevel converters (BI-MMCs) have several series-connected submodules, each with a small battery module. This design has high cell-level control, potentially improving efficiency and battery lifespan compared to traditional EV battery inverter systems. A distributed control architecture is preferred for BI-MMCs with a large number of submodules, and in such control architectures, the communication network limits the sample rate of the reference signal. For variable speed drives, where the fundamental frequency can be up to a few kHz, the reference sampling frequency can adversely affect the submodule battery current quality and accuracy. The concept of reconstructing the reference signal at a higher sampling frequency than the communication link's update rate for BI-MMCs using nearest level modulation is introduced and validated through simulations and experimental results.

	Cost and Efficiency Optimization for a Reconfigurable E-Bike Battery System By Julian ESTALLER, Wolfgang GRUPP, Nina SOROKINA, Andreas WIEDENMANN, Tobias HÖGERL, Johannes BUBERGER, Sebastian POHLMANN, Manuel KUDER, Thomas WEYH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This study optimized and evaluated the module voltage level of an e-bike's reconfigurable battery system for efficiency and costs against a conventional powertrain. For micromobility applications, findings indicate that with today's semiconductor switches, these systems remain less competitive than a conventional, two-level inverter powertrain, with a 5\% efficiency and 18\% cost disadvantage.

	Development of Integrated Functions in GaN By Yovan Andyka MARCELINO, René ESCOFFIER, Bruno ALLARD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper takes advantages of Gallium Nitride (GaN) as an ideal material in the development of electronic devices for high power and frequency applications. The paper details the circuit design and implementation of logic and analogue gates using a GaN-on-SI, non isolated proprietary technology to create a gate driver circuit for driving and instrumenting wide-gap power transistors.

	Energetic properties of the fast charging and driving of an electric vehicle - A Ragone analysis By Alfred RUFER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The energy efficiency of EV's is analysed for the charging and for the driving process where real parameters of a product of the automotive industry are considered. The efficiency in the charging mode is analysed and represented in function of the charging time. The maximum charging power allowed by the manufacturer is defining the lowest efficiency. For the driving mode, the efficiency is estimated with the help of a special tool called 'The Theory of Ragone plots'. The driving efficiency is calculated for the maximum possible propulsion power of the car and is represented in a dimensionless Ragone representation. The rated power of the car is represented in reference to the maximum possible power that can deliver the car battery.

	New design methodology for the calculation of the feed sections into which the acceleration track of a hyperloop vehicle is divided By Gustavo NAVARRO, Marcos BLANCO, Jorge NÁJERA, Eduardo RAUSELL, Valentín URDA, Marcos LAFOZ	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the design methodology used to optimize the number of sections into which the acceleration track of a Hyperloop-type vehicle is divided. In these types of vehicles, a pre-acceleration system is necessary to reach a speed close to cruising speed before the main propulsion system can operate. For this purpose, a switched reluctance linear motor (LSRM), divided into what are called unitary machines (UMs) connected in series, is proposed along with a converter to control thrust force generated by the motor. The methodology is applied to a specific case (mission) where a mass of 250 kg needs to be accelerated over a distance of 60 m to reach a speed of 120 km/h. As a result of the proposed methodology, the number of sections into which the linear motor is divided, the number of UMs per section, and the optimal turn-on and turn-off angles of the LSRM phases are determined to achieve the target force profile

	Power Hardware and Driver-in-the-Loop for Battery Testing applied to Electrified Vehicles By Florian TOURNEZ, Walter LHOMME, Alain BOUSCAYROL, Ronan GERMAN, Betty LEMAIRE-SEMAIL, Aurélien LIEVRE, Mariam SANCHEZ-TORRES	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a unified approach to include a driver and a power subsystem in a testing simulation loop. The aim is to create a kind of lab- based vehicle offering an alternative to the Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) approach or vehicle prototype for battery testing. This lab-based vehicle is built around experimental test benches and a driving simulator to reproduce a vehicle in laboratory. A unified approach is used to easily identify inputs and outputs between the model vehicle and the emulation interfaces. The unified approach is based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism. A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (P-HiL) simulation is introduced for battery testing. Furthermore, standalone battery testing is extended to include a Driver in the Loop (DiL). A case study based on a retrofitted Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (P-HEV) is presented with experimental results.

	TRACKSIM: A Multi-Level Simulation Framework for Near-Life Battery Data Generation By Nicolai WEINREICH, Xin SUI, Remus TEODORESCU, Kim LARSEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Data-driven methods in the battery intelligence field are highly dependent on data similar to the targeted application. This paper introduces the multi-level simulation framework TRACKSIM as a tool to generate realistic synthetic battery cell data for training data-driven models. A use-case for State-Of-Health (SOH) estimation is presented.