EPE 2021 - Dialogue session - Converter Modelling, Design and Low-Level Control | ||
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2021 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2021 - Topic 03: Measurement and Control > EPE 2021 - Dialogue session - Converter Modelling, Design and Low-Level Control | ||
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![]() | A Cost-Effective Hardware in the Loop Implementation of Dual Active Bridge for Fast Prototyping of Electric Vehicles Charging Controls
By Gabriele ARENA | |
Abstract: The paper deals with the implementation of a cost-effective FPGA-based real-time simulator, including the dual active bridge converter and the energy storage system models, which is devoted to testing of control designs for battery charger power systems. The main goal of the proposed implementation is to provide a compact and modular solution allowing a fast prototyping with limited hardware and computational resources, which leads to reduce the development costs and times. The modeling of the power converter and storage unit for this real-time application is discussed in this paper, and the detailed experimental setup for HIL is provided. Experimental tests carried out by comparing the proposed hardware in the loop real-time implementation and the offline modeling, confirm satisfying performances in terms of accuracy and latency. This paper even highlights technical challenges that need specific attention as well as ongoing actions and further research direction.
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![]() | A Fixed Frequency Full-Bridge Three-Level DC-DC LCL-Type Series Resonant Converter for Large Scale Solar PV Plants Applications
By Anwar AL OMAR | |
Abstract: Large scale solar PV plants are typically connected into medium voltage AC grids using line frequency transformers, which are bulky. In application where size and/or weight are important an attractive alternative is the use of multilevel inverter configurations such as cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, where power converters play a vital role in the system architecture. This paper presents the operation, design, optimization and some simulation results for a fixed frequency full-bridge three-level LCL-type high frequency (HF) transformer isolated DC-DC resonant converter for large scale solar PV plants applications. Operation of the converter is illustrated for different operating intervals, including key waveforms and equivalent circuits. A design procedure using approximate analysis for 10 kW, 750 V input voltage, 750 V output voltage and 100 kHz switching frequency is presented. A novel optimization problem to determine the optimal converter design is introduced. The converter is controlled using phase shift technique. Results show that all MOSFETs achieved ZVS for a range of operating points from full-load to light-load.
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![]() | A Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Approach for EMC Filters Design For More Electric Aircraft Applications
By Arthur PIAT | |
Abstract: This paper presents an application of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) methods to thedesign of EMC filters applied to aircraft power drive systems. Common-Mode and Differential-Modefilters are traditionally designed separately to simplify the problem. Designing these filters using MDOmethods and considering the coupling between them can lead to significant gain on total mass. In the50kW power drive system designed in this work, a 15 \% mass reduction on previous optimal filters wasobtained compared to classical methodologies.
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![]() | A Novel Quadratic Step-Up DC-DC Converter
By Ioana-Monica POP-CALIMANU | |
Abstract: A novel quadratic Step-Up converter with a higher static conversion ratio than the classical Boost topology at the same duty cycle is introduced. Dc and ac analysis of the converter are performed. To confirm the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the converter, the new topology is first simulated and finally experimentally tested.
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![]() | Accurate Modeling and Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System based on Average Equivalent Circuits
By Theodoros MOUSELINOS | |
Abstract: In this paper, a fully modeled grid connected photovoltaic system is presented using average modeling of power converters and analytic transfer function equations. The conduction and switching losses are also simulated and integrated into the model. A PQ control and voltage control of the decoupling dc-link capacitor are implemented, using the closed loop model to derive the gains for the controllers. The control parameters and output filter values are also accurately selected. Finally, the accuracy of the derived average models for DC/DC and DC/AC conversion stage is experimentally tested using a laboratory prototype.
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![]() | Accurate Time Domain Zero Voltage Switching Analysis of a Dual Active Bridge with Triple Phase Shift
By Fabian SOMMER | |
Abstract: In this paper an accurate capacitance time domain model (CTD) of the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)behaviour of a Dual Active Bridge considering deadtime, MOSFET Drain-Source capacitances and transformer stray inductances is presented. Building upon this a DAB model considering voltage-time errors caused by resonant commutation for Single Phase Shift (SPS) and Triple Phase Shift (TPS) is derived. Additionally a formula to calculate the optimal deadtime according to the CTD is proposed. Measurements at different operation points validate the consistency of the resonant commutation model and the voltage-time error model for the DAB.
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![]() | Analysis of transformer core saturation instability in drives with diode front end
By Duro BASIC | |
Abstract: This paper presents a small signal impedance model and stability analysis used in investigations ofrectifier system instabilities observed in several practical applications of high-power Medium Voltage(MV) Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) with Diode Front Ends (DFEs). These self-sustainedinstabilities, seen in vicinity of the 2nd harmonic frequency, have been extensively studied and linked tothe rectifier transformer core saturation and negative resistance effect produced by the saturation related the 2nd harmonic current injection.
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![]() | Analyzing and optimizing the switching behavior of power electronics by automated PCB parasitics extraction of the critical path
By Sven FIESSER | |
Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm to support the PCB design process by automatically extracting its parasitic components in the critical path from a common EDA tool. An algorithm reads the board file from an EDA tool and feeds the information to the open source programs FastHenry2 and FasterCap. These programs are used for the extraction of frequency-dependent resistances, self and mutual inductances of the PCB tracks as well as the capacitances between those tracks. By augmenting the extraction process by automatically finding the critical path in any given power converter, the extraction procedure can be sped-up significantly and made more user-friendly. Especially in fast-switching applications this approach helps to reduce the usually needed design iterations by knowing the effect of differently routed PCBs. The accuracy of the calculated parasitics is verified by experimental results.
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![]() | Characterization of real MMC modulator for HVDC applications for stability analysis
By Diego Alberto ROMAN MARCOS | |
Abstract: A method for the characterization of non-pulse-width modulation algorithms (non PWM) for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) applications is proposed which includes balancing and protection functions. The effects and dependencies of the modulator on stability of the HVDC transmission system are examined. The results were validated for a real designed MMC modulator for HVDC applications in off-line simulations and on-line hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test.Minimal or non-effect to stability of the system is shown for the studied modulator in HVDC applications.
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![]() | Charging Strategy for Battery Electric Vehicles with a Battery Modular Multilevel Management (BM3) Converter System using a PR controller
By Johannes BUBERGER | |
Abstract: Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) with integrated battery packs have been proven to be a viable option for various electric power applications. In novel applications, fully charged battery packs are used to form flexible output voltage waveforms. Nonetheless, the charging of the batteries after the actual usage has previously not been described for MMC based inverters with integrated battery packs. This paper presents an approach of power grid compliant electric vehicle battery charging for Battery Modular Multilevel Management (BM3) converter systems with three-switch modules using a PR controller when directly connected to the AC grid. By using such a system, the conventional battery electric vehicle's on-board charger and any additional battery balancing circuitry become obsolete. It is demonstrated, that the analyzed approach is able to charge the battery modules with a current total harmonic distortion of less than 5 \% at any charging power level without the usage of a dedicated grid filter. Furthermore, the power factor angle can be freely adjusted.
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![]() | Common Mode Voltage Cancellation in Integrated Modular Motor Drives
By Philipp MARX | |
Abstract: Increasing switching transition slopes and miniaturizing of power electronic set-ups lead to moreproblems due to electromagnetic interference (EMI). This paper presents a concept to suppress theelectromagnetic disturbances in modular electrical drives without using common mode filters. The usage of full bridge converters enables the synchronization of the switching transitions to suppress the emitted common mode disturbances of every single module. To evaluate the concept, the parasitic paths of a single module are investigated. With consideration of the parasitic paths, an accurate EMI model is built which identifies improvements for the cancellation concept in future applications. Finally, the concept and the simulation model are verified by measurements.
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![]() | Demonstration of a Compact Hard-Switched 3.5 kW DC/DC Converter utilizing Planar Magnetics optimized for low Capacitive Loss
By Christian ØSTERGAARD | |
Abstract: It is necessary to accurately determine the power losses in a converter to obtain a high efficient design. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of all the power losses in a converter. The capacitive loss of the transformer and switches is investigated. A highly efficient 7:1 planar transformer is presented and the design is carefully interleaved to provide a small differential-mode capacitance and AC-resistance. Very accurate finite element simulations of the transformer equivalent circuit parameters are performed using Ansys Maxwell. A compact 5kW hard-switched isolated full-bridge forward converter is constructed with a power density of 14.1kW=L when the heatsink is excluded and 9.2kW=L when the heatsink is included. The calculated and measured peak efficiency of the converter is in close agreement with 97.6\% and 97.3\% respectively, thereby proving the accuracy of the power loss calculations.
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![]() | Design Algorithm for a High-Power Density Interleaved ZVT-PWM Boost Converter
By Anton GORODNICHEV | |
Abstract: In this paper a novel design algorithm for an interleaved 'zero voltage transition-pulse widthmodulation' (ZVT-PWM) converter is presented. It provides a guidance for the dimensioningof auxiliary circuit components, minimizing the switching losses in the converter and allowing ahigh switching frequency operation. First, a detailed analytical description of the ZVT-PWMconverter is provided with consideration of the current ripple in the main inductance. Thedesign algorithm is explained in detail and its effectiveness is evaluated through comprehensiveloss simulation over a wide variety of operating points.
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![]() | Design and Optimization of Input and Output EMI Filters under the Influence of Parasitic Couplings
By Mohammad ALI | |
Abstract: Attenuation of EMI filters is not only influenced by parasitic inductances and capacitances but also verystrongly affected by magnetic couplings among filter components. This effect depends on the specific layout design and the placement of the elements. This paper explains and analyzes design rules for the best possible construction of such filters in terms of attenuation. Different topologies of an EMI filter are investigated based on the influence of parasitics and magnetic couplings on the filter attenuation. It is shown that magnetic couplings and trace inductances of the PCB layout greatly affect the EMI filter attenuation. The right choice of the filter topology, optimized filter components, parasitic reduction techniques, and a proper PCB design increase the filter attenuation significantly. Therefore, general rules for the design of optimized EMI filters are identified. Finally, a three-phase two-stage EMI filter is constructed at the output of an SiC inverter and verified with EMI measurements.
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![]() | Differential mode noise prediction and analysis in single and three phase grid-tiedinverters for the frequency range of 9-150 kHz
By Naser NOURANI ESFETANAJ | |
Abstract: In recent years, power electronics (PE) converters have witnessed an ever-increasing advancement, especially PE converters operating within the switching frequency of 2-150 kHz. Seen from the technical perspective, one major concern is the lack of systematically understanding of Differential Mode (DM) noise propagation into the power grid within 9-150 kHz regarding the upcoming emission standard (i.e., 61000-6-3). Hence, accurate modeling of the different power converters is needed to characterize low-frequency EMI emissions up to 150 kHz. Further, this analytical model needs to extend to single-phase and three-phase applications. To tackle those issues, a new analytical estimation approach is proposed to model and analyze DM EMI noise of grid-tied inverter within the 9-150 kHz frequency range. Notably, the proposed method characterizes the generated emission based on the double Fourier analysis and closed-loop admittance. The provided comparative simulation analysis is shown the proposed method's ability to successfully estimate the EMI emission for the considered case studies with an error of less than 1.3 dB in most frequency ranges
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![]() | Experimental study of an EMI reduction gate-driver technique for turn-off transition of 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET
By Hadiseh GERAMIRAD | |
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel self-controlled SiC MOSFET gate driver circuit. This new gate driver (GD) proposes a dynamic gate-bias modification thanks to a passive feedback of the drain or source current to control the EMI during turn-off switching transition. A Rogowski coil integrated into the terminals of the SiC MOSFET provides the feedback to modify the gate voltage profile. During turn-off, this circuit increases the voltage level of gate and consequently the gate current. This approach has a positive effect on the EMI behavior of converters without harmful effect on converter efficiency compared to the conventional method which consists in increasing the gate resistance. Moreover, with this approach, the gate driver design remains without modification (except the connection to the Rogowski coil) and there is no effect on turn-on transition of the SiC MOSFET. The proposed method is designed and developed for a 1.7kV SiC MOSFET and has been validated experimentally in an inductive double-pulse test platform. The proposed gate driver moderates the switching speed and is validated experimentally up to 1.2 kV 200A with the 1.7kV SiC MOSFET by reducing the common-mode current of turn-off transition.
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![]() | Generalized Average Modeling of Bidirectional Interleaved Boost with Coupled Inductors Converter
By Yuchen ZHANG | |
Abstract: This paper derives the generalized average modeling and analytical small-signal transfer functions of theBidirectional Interleaved Boost with Coupled Inductors (BIBCI) converter, all of which is then comparedwith previously presented nonlinear average models. Theoretical results are verified via simulation andactual experiments, and thus proved to accurately predict converter dynamic behavior.
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![]() | Hybrid Power System Optimization for Microgrids
By Kambiz TEHRANI | |
Abstract: The paper deals with design of hybrid optimization based on cyber physical power system (CPPS) for microgrids. An adjustable multilevel inverter is developed. From only one power converter circuit, the developed topology allows working in five levels or in four levels according to the applied control strategy. The main interest of this system is the use of power optimization system based on genetic algorithm approach for medium and high voltage applications in thetarget to have an excellent power quality and less electromagnetic perturbations with hybrid offline/online optimization.
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![]() | Impact of Linear-PWM and MPC controllers on the power device losses in a grid-tied two-level inverter
By Jose ORTIZ GONZALEZ | |
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the estimated power losses and device junction temperatures in a two level grid-tied converter commanded by a linear current controller with a pulse-with-modulator (PWM) or a finite-control-set (FCS) model predictive controller (MPC). This analysis is performed for two points of operation: (a) converter delivering only active power to the grid, (b) exchanging capacitive-reactive power with the grid (STATCOM). Using an electrothermal model based on the firing signals and measured converter currents, the simulation results show the important role of the operating point and control methodology of the converter losses and device junction temperature excursions. The results show that using the MPC controller improves the converter performance when the converter delivers only active power to the grid. In the case of STATCOM operation the total losses are similar, but there is a relative increase of the losses on the diodes. The use of SiC Schottky diodes has been evaluated, with an improvement of the converter performance for both controllers.
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![]() | Improved Design Automation Combinatorial Algorithms for Multi-Objective Optimization of High Voltage-Gain DC-DC Converters
By Wilmar MARTINEZ | |
Abstract: In power electronics, it is necessary to optimize volume, efficiency, voltage-gain, cost, and useful life, among other objectives, to obtain an adequate balance that offers high performance in electrical systems. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multi-objective optimization design methodology for inductive components for high voltage-gain converters. This work is carried out by: 1) reviewing several step-up converters and selecting a suitable topology for optimization; 2) performing a power loss modelling of the magnetic components of the high voltage gain topology with an emphasis on iron and copper losses; 3) conducting a volume modelling of the converter with special attention to the magnetic components; and 4) evaluating the multi-objective optimization approach of improved combinatorial algorithms to solve problems with opposite objectives such as efficiency, power density, and voltage-gain in power converters when parasitic components are taken into account.
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![]() | Influence of Modifying Standard Emission Levels on the sizing of EMC Filters
By Mohsen SEDDIGHI | |
Abstract: This paper investigates how the optimized volume of an EMC filter is affected if the levels of standards are modified. Firstly, an algorithm for designing passive EMC filters with optimized volume has been developed. Then, based on this algorithm several filters have been designed. The filter's volume variations against the variations of standard level are then discussed.
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![]() | Intelligent Hybrid Gate Driver Design With Self-Adjusting Parameters for Short Circuit Protection
By Ibrahin Ethem DEMIRALAY | |
Abstract: This article proposes a redesigned hybrid gate drive circuit to provide high applicability, relatively low cost, and fast protection for SiC devices.This circuit works with desaturation method and does not need to be redesigned according to operating conditions and device characteristics. It auto-tune the blanking time and Vdesat reference voltage.
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![]() | Investigating the best topology for Traction Power Substations (TPSs) in a Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) railway electrification system
By Sina SHARIFI | |
Abstract: Medium or high voltage DC railway electrification systems have been proposed since 1989. Such systems benefit from lowest conduction losses and voltage drops typical of DC systems and can efficiently integrate renewable energy sources in the railway supply system. However, no industrial application has been developed for the limitations connected to DC switchgears and voltage transformation on the trains. The first limitation can be addressed with a suitable power converter topology for medium voltage DC (MVDC) traction power substations (TPSs) with a controlled output current. In this paper, three different AC-DC converter topologies, i.e., bi-directional thyristor converter, cascaded two-level voltage source converter (VSC), and modular multilevel converter with full-bridge submodules (MMC-FB), are analytically compared in terms of their efficiencies and device requirements for application to MVDC TPSs.
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![]() | Less Losses with Less Oscillations - how to achieve this at SiC MOSFET Turn-On across the Full Operating Range
By Zheming LI | |
Abstract: This paper introduces an intelligent gate driver-based self-regulating gate control solution that can realize low switching losses and low EMI at SiC MOSFET turn-on for varying operating conditions across the full operating range. The gate control strategies of this solution are investigated in different phases of the SiC MOSFET turn-on process. At first, it is confirmed by measurements that low switching losses and low EMI can be realized at a certain operating point with its corresponding optimum setting of the gate control unit using different gate resistors. However, it is found that this kind of optimum setting is sensitive to variation of operating conditions. A simulation is performed to verify that varying optimum settings caused by varying operating conditions can be traced by the proposed self-regulating gate control. Finally, a performance evaluation of this solution in continuous operation is performed. The turn-on switching performance of SiC MOSFET can be significantly improved. Besides low switching losses and low EMI, this solution provides other advantages like a simple gate control logic, low-cost and low calibration, hardware and measuring efforts compared to other intelligent gate driver-based solutions.
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![]() | Medium Voltage Power Electronic Building Block for Quasi-two-levelOperation of a Flying Capacitor Converter
By Stefan Christoph MERSCHE | |
Abstract: Today's standard medium voltage converters are operated at low switching frequencies and contain bulky line filters. One concept to change this is the Quasi-Two-Level operation of multilevel converters with fast switching semiconductors to minimize passive components. This paper presents the hardware of a full-scale medium voltage SiC-based flying capacitor converter for quasi-two-level operation with up to 10kV DC voltage and 150A line current. This hardware enables studies on the influence of components, modulation principles and control algorithms on the needed filters and the operation of the converter.
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![]() | Modeling approach for real-time capable oversampling models applied to a fast switching LLC resonant converter
By Axel KIFFE | |
Abstract: HIL simulation of power electronics is an ambitious task due to the fast structural changes of the elec-trical circuit caused by the forced and natural switching events and the high dynamics enabled by new semiconductor devices. Especially for strict requirements, such as high switching frequencies, circuit-specific implementations are required. This paper deals with a modeling approach for oversampling models with ideal switches and its implementation on an FPGA using multiplexed matrix-times-vector multiplication to adjust the FPGA utilization. As application example, an LLC resonant converter is used.
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![]() | Modeling for Superimposed Conducted Noise on Two AC/DC Converters Using SiC Devices
By Toshiya KUTSUNA | |
Abstract: This paper presents the superimposed conducted noise when two AC/DC converters are driving in parallel at the time. In addition, this paper presents the simulation method for the superimposed conducted noise on AC/DC converters. The usefulness of the proposed simulation method is confirmed by comparing the simulation result and the experimental result.
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![]() | Modelling and Control of a Power Flow Controller for DC Microgrids
By Tanguy SIMON | |
Abstract: This paper presents a state feedback control method for a power flow controller for meshed DC micro-grids. A modular generic dynamic model of the system is proposed. This model is augmented withintegrators and linearised, and a state feedback control law is proposed to define the duty cycles for thePWM switching of the IGBTs. The power in each line and the voltage of a reservoir capacitor in theconverter are directly controlled. The validity of the proposed model and control law are assessed on anexperimental setup.
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![]() | Performance comparison of five-level NPC and ANPC converters in medium voltage drives for hydro power application
By Chengjun TANG | |
Abstract: This paper compares the performance of a five-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter and a fivelevel active neutral-point clamped converter (ANPC) for a medium voltage and variable speed pumpedstorage hydropower application. It is found that the ANPC converter has a lower current total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with the NPC converter under the same switching frequency, while the losses are higher. However, the simple structure and the easiness of controlling the DC-link voltage means that the five-level ANPC converter has a high potential in the market of the aforementioned application.
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![]() | PI Control Scheme Design of High Gain Transformerless DC-DC Converter
By Erick MORENO-NEGRETE | |
Abstract: This paper presents the control design for a high-gain transformerless DC-DC converter. Linear modeling is derived by means of small-signal analysis. Both single-loop and double-loop PI control schemes are studied and, the corresponding stability and exponential decay rates are computed by exploiting the continuity in the polynomial roots, which is reviewed in the verge of new stability analysis for power electronic converters. Transient response specifications are explored as a critical test of this method. Numerical results and simulations are tackled to support our proposal.
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![]() | Reduced switch count Asymmetric 13-Level Voltage Source Inverter
By Salvatore FOTI | |
Abstract: A novel asymmetrical 13-Level inverter topology is proposed for high-power AC motor drives requiringa medium voltage inverter. The proposed topology, which is composed of two T-Type inverters connected through additional power switches, can generate a high fundamental frequency output voltage using a low switching frequency, thus achieving high efficiency and high-power quality, but with complexity and costs comparable or better than those of equivalent basic multilevel inverter topologies.
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![]() | Research on the influence of current sharing characteristics under symmetrical power circuits layout for multi-module IGBTs parallel connection
By Yixin LIU | |
Abstract: The higher number of paralleled modules is required in high power converter applications.Consequently, the current distribution and the derating rate are seriously influenced by differences inelectromagnetic effects for paralleled module. This paper proposes an optimized power connectionlayout in converter design to weaken the impacts
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![]() | Series Inductance Design Method for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters Including Operating Range Profiles
By Murat KAYMAK | |
Abstract: This paper proposes a new method to design the required series reactance of a dual active bridge dc-dc converter for high efficiency. The effect of variable power and voltage ranges in dependency of the series reactance on the soft-switching performance of the converter is illustrated. The operating ranges are modeled as Gaussian distributions in hours per year, comparable with real applications in sustainable energy systems. The new design involves the impact of typical operating range profiles on the system power loss and consequently determines the optimal series reactance of the transformer with the highest possible effective annual efficiency of the dc-dc converter.
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![]() | Small Signal Average Switch Modeling and Dual Loop Control of Bidirectional Integrated Converter for G2V and V2G Applications in Battery EVs
By Shahid JAMAN | |
Abstract: This paper proposes a small signal modeling approach of a bidirectional integrated converterconfiguration, which utilizes the traction inverter, motor windings and interleaved DC/DC converter for charging applications. This modeling technique represents the power electronic converters (AC/DC and DC/DC) as a transfer function that facilitates both Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operations. During the G2V mode, the traction inverter converts into an AC/DC converter, while during the V2G mode, it operates as a DC/AC inverter, and the 3-phase interleaved DC/DC converter operates in buck and boost modes for the G2V and V2G operations, respectively. Moreover, the controller design based on the plant transfer functions is also a focal point of this paper. The inner current and outer voltage loop controllers of the DC/DC converter are designed based on the k-factor approach. For DC link voltage control of the AC/DC converter, a dual loop control approach is adopted. Finally, the performance of both control systems has been validated via performance comparison between switch based model and small-signal average system model in MATLAB/Simulink®.
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![]() | Space Vector Modulation for a 5-level Reduced Multilevel Converter with capacitor balancing
By Margarita NORAMBUENA | |
Abstract: Multilevel converters have many advantages in power electronics. This paper presents a multilevel converter based on flying capacitors that allows to increase the number of output voltage levels reducing the numbers of semiconductors necessary in comparison with the standard multilevel converters. In particular, the proposed converter, Reduced Multilevel Converter (RMC), is an attractive choice as it can generate high quality output waveforms and reach high power levels.Nevertheless, the modulation stage cannot be guaranteed or achieved easily in the proposed multilevel converter, for this reason previous works use MPC to avoid the modulation stage in this converter. In this paper, a simple closed-loop scheme, based on Space Vector Modulation (SVM), is used to properly modulate the converter output voltage in order to keep the capacitor voltages at the desired values, this strategy is totally compatible with MPC strategy for current control. As the proposed modulation strategy regulates the capacitor voltages, fast linear controllers can be used for the current tracking, improving the dynamic behavior of the overall system.
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