Please enter the words you want to search for:

EPE 2021 - Dialogue session - Electrical Machines and Drive Systems
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2021 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2021 - Topic 05: Renewable Energy Power Systems > EPE 2021 - Dialogue session - Electrical Machines and Drive Systems
	[return to parent folder]
	180 kW Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Mass Transit Electrical Traction Application   By Jaroslavs ZAREMBO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents the design and development of the Synchronous Reluctance Machine within strictsizing limitations. The design method relies on Finite Element Modelling computations, considering thecross magnetic saturation effect, without active elements in the rotor. The prototype of the machine isconstructed, control algorithm is developed and tested.
	Active Damping by State Feedback Control in Induction Motor Drive with Filter   By Prasun MISHRA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The use of passive LC filters affects the dynamics of rotor-flux-oriented controlled induction motor drive with the inverter output filter. Therefore, a combined control technique has been proposed in this paper, where the state variables of the filter and motor have been controlled using the state-feedback controller and proportional-integral controllers, respectively. The proposed technique has been analyzed and simulation results have been provided for validation.
	An Optimal Winding-end Connection Principle with Minimum Bridge Current Stress for Odd-Phase Series-end Winding Topology   By Xiangwen SUN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The multiphase series-end winding motor drive receives attention due to its low cost, complete control freedoms and abundant winding connection selections. Different winding series combination will cause huge performance diversity in voltage utilization or bridge current stress. The most widely used solutions now possess excellent voltage utilization, but the same high current stress will limit its application that are more sensitive to current. This paper proposes an optimal winding connection sequence to get the theoretically lowest bridge current stress of odd-phase series-end winding topology. Experiment results verify the feasibility of proposed winding connection methods.
	Analysis of PWM induced loss rise in a 5-kW induction machine   By Minhaj ZAHEER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: An industrial electrical machine prototype is measured with a pulse-width-modulated voltage supply using different switching frequencies; 4, 8, 12 and 16 kHz when the motor is operating at 25 and 40 Hz fundamental frequencies. Typically, the electrical machine losses decrease as a function of the switching frequency and in this case a similar behavior is reported in careful measurements. The loss distribution at different carrier frequencies is further explored using multi-sliced FE-model to check the trend of the measured losses.
	Comparison of Losses in Small Star- and Delta-Connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines   By Simon DECKER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Small electric drives with power from a few hundred watts up to one kilo watt, developed for car actuators, drivetrains, electric bikes or scooters, are nowadays often realized as permanent magnet synchronous machine. For mass production, these machines are designed with delta-connected stator windings. But the influence of the delta-connection is often not investigated. Hence, this paper presents a comparison of copper- and iron-losses for star- and delta-connected windings. Testbench measurements are performed over the whole operating range on a built-up prototype machine, which allows switching between a star- and a delta-connected stator winding system. Precise copper-loss detection, especially including the zero-sequence current in delta-connection, is enabled by additional phase-current sensing. A new approach for determining fundamental iron-losses is introduced.The results show that the overall losses are smaller for delta-connection. The consideration of theindividual loss components show that, for this prototype, the zero-sequence current at delta-connection leads to lower iron losses. In this case, the smaller amount of iron-loss outweighs the additional copper-losses. Therefore, the delta-connected machine shows a better efficiency than the star-connected machine.
	Comparison of Rotor Side Converter Protection for DFIGs and Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines under Fault Conditions   By Robert BETZ	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine (BDFRM) is an unusual electrical machine that is suitable for wind power applications. Similar to the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), it uses a partially rated converter to achieve variable speed operation in wind turbine applications. Protection of the rotor side converter of a DFIG system has proven problematic. This paper compares the performance of the DFIG and BDFRM under severe grid fault conditions, and shows that the BDFRM is intrinsically able to protect the rotor side converter from damage. Simulation results are presented that compare BDFRM and DFIG fault performance.
	Effect of the System's Time Constants on the Dynamic Behavior of an Active Magnetic Bearing with an GaN-H-Bridge-Converter   By Robin LIEBFRIED	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Active magnetic bearings are inherently unstable systems requiring a highly dynamic control and a matching actuator. This paper presents a GaN-H-Bride converter with possible switching frequencies above 200 kHz and investigates the effect of the three basic time constants or the respective frequencies in discrete control: the converter's switching frequency, the measurement frequency, and the control frequency. Studying the switching behavior of the converter as well as the reference-value and disturbance response of the inner current and outer position control loops lead to three basic findings. Increasing the switching frequency without considering the required voltage and current in steady operation might impair the reference-value response. The optimum switching frequency depends on the minimum switch-on time. Increasing the measurement frequency has little effect on the reference-value response but significantly improves the disturbance response. The control frequency is the limiting factor for both inner and outer control loops in small to medium size active magnetic bearings.
	Electric Traction Chain with Segmented Power Supply   By Loïc QUEVAL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: We present an electric traction chain with segmented power supply for automotive applications. The concept is to split the windings of the electrical machine into sub-windings. Each sub-winding is then fed by an independent low-voltage power electronics converter. We describe here the concept in details and discuss its advantages and its drawbacks.
	FEM-based Parameter Estimation for a Variable Phase-Pole Induction Machine   By Yixuan WU	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, lumped parameters for a variable phase-pole induction machine with wound independently controlled stator coils are computed using finite-element simulations. Differently from finite-element simulations of conventional electrical machines, this solution uses a per-solenoid approach.
	Finite State Model Predictive Speed Control for PMSM drive system with Periodic variable load   By Taiki OTOKOZAWA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In order to drive a rotary compressor, it is necessary to control the rotation speed of the motor, however the conventional PI controller causes large vibrations. In this paper, the application of model predictive control to the speed control of a PMSM is considered for a rotary compressor.
	Identification and control of piezoelectric benders for skin mechanical impedance estimation   By Yisha CHEN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an integrated probe, designed to measure the rheological properties of the skin in situ. It includes two piezoelectric bender actuators and strain gauges as sensors. The advantage of the proposed probe is that the measurements of tip force and displacement are accomplished without external devices. A feedback voltage control is applied to control the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric benders. Through feedback from integrated strain gauges, the displacement control is achieved. As shown in the simulation, the closed-loop system is robust to disturbance and uncertainty. The proposed probe may be used to measure skin mechanical impedance.
	Improved dynamic behaviour of a sensorless stepping motor load angleestimator based on Transfer Function Analyzer technique   By Jasper DE VIAENE	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The performance and robustness of a sensorless controller strongly depends on how quickly and accurately the feedback is obtained. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to introduce an improved load angle estimator that provides feedback on the ability of the stepping motor to follow the imposed position/speed setpoint. The novel estimation dynamics is compared theoretically and experimentally with dynamics of similar estimators.
	Induction Motors Assisted by Permanent Magnets for High Torque and Efficiency   By Kazuto SAKAI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Induction motors with low efficiency and power factor are often used in industrial systems. Therefore, increasing the efficiency and power factor can enable the sufficient electrical power for demanding applications such as electric vehicles. In this paper, an induction motor assisted by permanent magnets is proposed to achieve high efficiency and power factor. In addition, its operating principles, torque components, and basic characteristics are analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the torque due to induction is affected by both the flux of the permanent magnets and the slip for a synchronous speed. The proposed motor improves the torque by 14\%, the efficiency by 1.1\%, and the power factor by 0.07 at a slip of 0.1 compared with a conventional induction motor.
	Industrialized Flux-Oriented Start-up Algorithm for Soft Starter Driven Induction Motors   By Hauke NANNEN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Different _ring algorithms for soft starters have been published in recent decades. Many of them create the _ring pulses based only on the grid voltages or the current zero crossings. This paper presents a new space vector based _ring algorithm which considers the rotor _ux of the induction motor in _ring pulse creation for industrial soft starters based on silicon controlled recti_ers (SCR). It combines the advantages of different procedures into a simple but powerful new algorithm.
	Investigations on the Influences of Winding Positions and Rise Times on the Winding Isolation System within the Line-End Coil under Fast Rising Impulse Voltages   By Ting HELMHOLDT-ZHU	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The steep-edged voltage impulses from new wide bandgap power electronic devices shorten the lifespan of the motor isolation system significantly because of the highly uneven distributed voltage, especially in the line-end coil. This distribution leads to a much higher transient local field strength in the winding, which accelerates the aging process and reduces the isolation strength of the insulation materials. As a result of that partial discharges occur at early stage. Thus, a method for the reduction of the high local field strength is necessary and vital for the lifetime extension of the electrical machines fed by steep-fronted PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) voltage waves. In this study, a genetic algorithm is utilized to investigate the possible worst and best cases of electrical field distributions based on the real spatial locations of stator windings in the slots. Effects of each case are presented and discussed.
	Loss minimum operation of a five-phase induction motor using third harmonic injection   By Alexander MOELLER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This work analyzes the influence of the third harmonic injection on the total losses of a five-phaseinduction motor. It is found that the third harmonic injection is not recommended for small loads andonly slightly decreases the total losses at heavy loads.
	Loss reduction potential of electrically excited synchronous traction machines using three-level inverters   By Maximilian MARTENS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: While two-level voltage-source inverters have been the norm in variable speed drives including traction drives, an increasing focus on system efficiency makes the consideration of multi-level inverters necessary.In this context, this paper analyzes the efficiency advantages of a system using a T-type three-levelinverter in combination with an electrically excited synchronous machine (EESM). Based on the consideration of advantages of using a three-level inverter, and the unique loss characteristic of the considered machine type, the need for a separate consideration of inverter-based machine losses is laid out. Consequently, a time-efficient transient numerical calculation approach is presented, that enables a comparison of machine losses throughout the operating range. Finally, the resulting losses are separated into sinusoidal and inverter-based components and are compared for driving cycle relevant operating points. In conclusion, the expected advantages of the multi-level inverter on machine losses are discussed for the considered EESM.
	Measurement of Parasitic High-Frequency Currents in Inverter-Fed Low-Speed Electrical Machines Using Rogowski Current Sensors   By Daniel HEIDE	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a high-frequency ground and bearing current measurement in an inverter-fed ac machine. The method is based on an assembly of Rogowski coils around the shaft and the main electrical cables and can be used in most electric drive systems without invasive system changes.
	Method for a Simplified Calculation of Inverter-Related Losses in Servomotors Based on Impedance Measurement   By André KRÄMER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the calculation of inverter-related motor losses. A known method to determine these losses is extended and possible simplifications are examined. Using normalized parameters a formulation is found which allows a simplified estimation of the losses in project planing.
	Model assessment for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machines in automotive applications   By Robert NELLES	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Precise knowledge of the rotor position is essential for performing high performance field oriented control in synchronous machines. Due to cost saving and reliability reasons, the use of sensorless control strategies is highly desirable. Nevertheless, the choice of the machine model for performing model-based sensorless control is not trivial. In this work, a theoretical and experimental assessment and comparison of four available machine models - Stator, Combined, Extended EMF and Extended Flux models - is performed and conclusions regarding their unique advantages and drawbacks for different load profiles and implementation scenarios are drawn.
	Optimized Angular Position Control of Brushless DC Motor Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm Based on FOC and Trapezoidal Control   By Mohammad VEDADI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this study, the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is used to optimize the gains of the cascaded position controller. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives with FOC and trapezoidal control structure are implemented in Simulink environment to provide an evaluation function of ICA. In this paper, a brief discussion has been conducted regarding the selection of settings and coefficients of ICA. Simulation results show that the optimized speed and position controller tracks the target speed and target position appropriately. Also, the effectiveness of ICA is verified by performance comparison of ICA, PSO, and GA in this paper.
	Reduction Method of Stopping Vibration for Compressor in Home Appliances   By Taisuke SHIOI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a low-vibration stopping method by switching the free-run mode and the short-circuit braking mode for compressors. The vibration is generated by the bounce of the rotor caused by the fluctuation of the load torque. The proposed method suppresses the rotor bounce by stopping the motor during the suction process because the compressor does not generate large torque in the suction process. In order to stop the motor during the suction process, the proposed method switches the operation mode form the free-run mode to the short-circuit braking mode at the Top Dead Center, which is starting point of the suction process. Furthermore, the inrush current during the a short-circuit braking mode is suppressed by a hysteresis current controller. The vibration is evaluated under four pressure conditions with the conventional method and the proposed method. As the result, the proposed method achieved more than 58\% reduction of the amplitude of the vibration at all four pressure conditions. Notably, the proposed method reduced the amplitude of the vibration by 71\% under the high-pressure condition.
	Review on system parameters in variable speed AC-induction motor drives with parasitic electric bearing currents.   By Martin WEICKER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: High frequency bearing currents are a parasitic phenomenon that affects inverter-fed induction machines, causing damage and wear to the mechanical bearings, which might lead to unexpected failures, increase of the machine downtime and reduction of its lifespan. This paper focuses on the discharge (EDM), circulating and rotor-to-ground bearing currents of an totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) 4-pole 110_kW-cage induction machine with grease-lubricated ball bearings type 6316 C3. How are the bearing currents affected by changes in the components of the electrical circuit that feeds this machine_ The investigated system consists of a two-level PWM voltage source inverter, four different passive filters such as a) common-mode ring core current filter, b) common-mode ring core current filter with small phase-to-ground capacitances, c) differential mode voltage sine filter and d) dual-mode voltage sine filter, with three different types of motor cables (shielded vs. unshielded) with different lengths_of 50_m, 150_m or 300_m. So, in total forty-five system arrangements including the system without filter were tested. The highest reduction of bearing currents was measured with the dual-mode voltage sine filter in all cable configurations. If the rotor is grounded e. g. by a slip ring brush, shielded cables reduce also the rotor-to-ground bearing currents.
	Rotor air-friction loss and thermal analysis of high-speed rotor for axial flux PM motor   By Ting ZHU	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper focuses on the air-friction loss and its effect on temperature of high-speed disc rotor for an axial flux PM motor with double rotors and sandwiched stator. The air-friction loss and the heat transfer coefficient on the rotor surface at different speed are obtained based on the formula method and Fluid-Solid coupling analysis. The rotor temperature distribution based on the coupling analysis of temperature and fluid field is obtained considering various losses and the impact of heat dissipation of air flowing in the motor cavity. Finally, the variation of rotor disc temperature with the rotating speed is presented for the high speed AFPM motor in this paper. The heat dissipation mechanism of rotor disc for the axial flux PM motor are revealed. Thus, it provides a significant guideline for the cooling structure design and the efficiency enhancement of high speed AFPM motor.
	Sensorless FOC Drive Control Methods for High Speed Motors of Unmanned Multicopters   By Chen ZHAO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents control methods for permanent magnet synchronous motors for unmanned multicopters. These are a sensorless back emf observer, of which the parametrisation is described, and field-oriented control optimised for high speed (for instance 200 el. krpm). These methods are verified by simulation and experiments.
	Sensorless identification of machine saliencies in induction motors in the presence of periodic mechanical disturbances   By Eduardo RODRIGUEZ MONTERO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Sensorless speed control of AC motors has been intensively investigated over the last few decadesusing multiple strategies. In particular, stable operation around zero speed can only be guaranteed sofar by the so-called signal injection methods, which extract motor saliencies to acquire a rotor flux orrotor position.Research on issues of induction motor saliency extraction at first put into service is quite limited butnecessary. In certain induction machine drives, cogging torques or torque harmonics are unavoidablypresent, causing undesired effects such as vibrations, noise and losses. Several torque harmonicspossess a mechanical periodicity and magnitude, which is not known when the sensorless drive is putinto service. Such harmonics can hampering thus the identification of the motor saliencies, especiallyat start-up. In this sense, this paper proposes a method to estimate machine saliencies for sensorlessspeed control under presence of torque harmonics without any position sensor. Thus, the methodidentifies and compensates simultaneously cogging torques and motor saliencies in an iterativescheme, ensuring smooth sensorless speed operation based on rotor slotting saliency.Experimental results extracting machine saliencies from an induction motor that shows rotor-relatedcogging torques will be provided.
	Sensorless Wide Speed Range Position Estimation Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines   By Rui WANG	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Flux linkage based sensorless position estimation methods for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) use integrators to obtain the flux linkage signal. However, these integrators can cause steady state errors (offsets) in the estimated flux linkage signals. In this paper, a new method to eliminate these offsets will be presented. The offsets in the reconstructed flux linkage signals are identified by means of a geometry-based least squares method, allowing them to be compensated using a feedback loop. This new method can be applied in situations when the rotor movement is severely confined and includes speed reversal. This is of particular interest for PMSM-based linear actuators and other applications with small stroke.
	Sinusoidal-Flux Reluctance Machine Driven with Three-Phase Inverter for Improving Power Density with Reduced Torque and Input Current Ripples   By Masaki IIDA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Reluctance machines such as the switched reluctance machines (SRMs) and the synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) are recently investigated for propulsion motors of the electrified vehicles owing to their robust mechanical construction, high thermal tolerance, and cost-competitiveness. However, practical application of the reluctance machines to the vehicle propulsion has been hindered by the fact that the conventional SRMs and SynRMs are difficult to meet all the three preferable features for the vehicular application: 1. High power density, 2. Low torque and input-current ripples, 3. Being drivable by the normal three-phase inverter. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel reluctance machine. The prominent features of the proposed reluctance machine are the sinusoidal reluctance profile and the delta-connected phase windings, both of which differ from conventional reluctance machines. Along with the theoretical discussion of the basic operating principles of the proposed reluctance machines, this paper presents a simple performance estimation of the proposed machine, the SRM, and the SynRM, which supported that the proposed machine can meet the three preferable features. Furthermore, the experiment successfully supported the operating principles of the proposed machine, suggesting the feasibility of the proposed machine for vehicle applications.
	Topological Principle and Electromagnetic Performance of a Novel Axial-Flux HybridExcitation In-wheel Motor   By Jining HOU	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of poor flux-weakening capacity and unsatisfactory overall efficiency of the axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with surface-mounted PM rotor structure, a new axial-flux hybrid-excitation machine (AFHEM) topology with double consequent-pole rotors and sandwiched stator is proposed and developed for in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle. The unique external rotor construction and operation principle of the AFHEM are discussed. The equivalent magnetic circuit model with bidirectional excitation is analyzed. The finite-element analysis (FEA) for electromagnetic design and analytical prediction of electromagnetic performance is performed extensively, which verify the effectiveness of the new topology of hybrid excitation in-wheel motor for wheel hub integration.
	Two Torque Control Algorithms of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive for the Entire Operating Speed Range   By Vasken KETCHEDJIAN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, two new algorithms for the torque control of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) are proposed. The control system is set for the entire operating speed range, whereas the transition from the base speed range into the field weakening region will be the main focus of this paper. The switching strategies in the transitions phase of the two methods are also discussed using different conditions. These control strategies are evaluated using Matlab Simulink as a simulation tool followed by measurement results on an existing test bench.
	Utilisation of Zero-Sequence Currents in Multi-Phase BLDC Machines forFault Mitigation - Simulation Study   By Rebecca SYKES	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Advancements in power electronics, energy storage, and embedded systems have resulted in electricmachines becoming increasingly prevalent in medium-to-large power applications. In safety criticalapplications, such as transport, there is a greater emphasis placed on the fault tolerance of these machines. This paper looks at a five phase BLDC machine with independent control of each phase through the use of individual converters to drive each phase. A new technique for fault mitigation has been developed and simulated which utilises this converter topology for intrinsic zero-sequence injection in the event of a single open-phase fault.
	Wireless Rotor Temperature Measurement System Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Electric Field Power Harvesting   By Christoph CHESHIRE	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Measuring the rotor temperature of an electric machine can not only safeguard the system fromoverheating, but can also improve the control and thermal utilization of the drive. In this contribution anovel on-rotor temperature acquisition system will be introduced, based on low cost circuitry andfeaturing an innovative energy harvesting system which uses power transfer induced by the commonmode voltage alternation in inverter-fed drives. It is shown that using a simple and versatile energyharvesting antenna is sufficient to power the system and that Bluetooth Communication is suitable totransmit the measured data to the receiver, located outside of the machine.