Please enter the words you want to search for:

EPE 1987 - 33 - Dialogue Session 3.1: DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1987 - Conference > EPE 1987 - 33 - Dialogue Session 3.1: DRIVES
	[return to parent folder]
	A NEW MICROPROCESSOR-BASED CONTROL FOR HIGH POWER CYCLOCONVERTERS   By P. Bleus; J. Fafchamps; W. Legros; J. M. Bodson	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In cycloconverters, thyristor firing time is usually based upon an internal voltage control, which gives rise to some embarrassing penalties. Our paper will show how these disadvantages are strongly reduced with a direct command from a microprocessor-based current controller. A hierarchical microprocessor structure optimizes control functions, man/machine dialogue and diagnosis. Simulations and experiments on a 15 kVA prototype brought this development to a successful issue. A higher power equipment (3 MVA AC motor) is now being tested.
	SINE-WAVE CURRENT CONVERTER FOR AC MOTORS   By A. Kelemen; E. Schönstein; A. Broscoi; R. Marschalko	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a microcomputer controled, transistorised converter for a variable speed, a.c. motor drive.The converter, supplied from an intermediate circuit of constant continuous voltage, has the character of a current source. The power transistors of the inverter are so controled that three-phase, sine-wave current, with adjustable frequency and amplitude is forced in the motor windings. The inverter design, with automatic sinewave current tracking control system, numerical three-phase sine-wave current reference signal generation and microprocessor control of the converter are discussed. Results about the inverter are presented too, by means of more photographed oscillograms.
	CONSTANT TORQUE OPERATION OF VARIABLE SPEED SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES   By F. Ismail; A. Fahim; A. Zaky	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In the present paper, a novel approach for the split-phase induction motor operation, in connection with static variable frequency inverter, is given. The linear voltage-frequency relation is not applicable for the single-phase motor as well as in the three-phase motor. Here, a modified voltage-frequency relation is proposed. This relation is selected in such a way as to ensure constant torque operation. A microprocessor controlled P.W.M. inverter is used to control both the fundamental voltage and frequency with optimum motor performance.
	INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED-CONTROL WITH A COMPENSATOR IN THE ROTOR   By S. J. Szpilka	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with a new circuit for induction motor speed control which has an invertor capable to produce reactive power. The circuit comprises of a 3-phase thyristor bridge and a chopper in the dc circuit. Forced commutation is performed by means of one capacitor and six auxiliary thyristors. The firing pulses are synchronized with the supply voltage. Only one synchronizing transformer is used. The capacitor voltage is monitored and used for switching on thyristors. The system is controled by two parameters, phase shift and chopper conducting angle. Consequently several modes of operation and designing philosophies are possible. The most significant features of the new system are: full range of regulation and direct starting with minimal size of the transformer, improved power factor, and generation reactive power which can be regulated independently of speed-control in some range of regulation. The latter feature justifies to consider the invertor as a two-function convertor. Some of the operating strategies have been discussed.
	CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR CURRENT SOURCE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES   By A. Zuckerberger; A. Alexandrovitz	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes a method of controller design - based on partial pole placement - for a speed-controlled drive comprising an induction motor supplied from a current inverter. Such a controller ensures stability in the sense of Lyapunov, for the system obtained upon linearization of the original scheme. The validity of the design was confirmed by digital simulation of the original non-linear system under slip-frequency control configuration.
	A NEW MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER   By lbrahim Fatoh El-Sayed; Philipp Klaus Sattler	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a new microprocessor-controlled current-source inverter (MCCSI), in which the voltage across the commutating capacitor can be controlled by direct measuring of commutation variables even during the commutation period. In conventional CSI feeding the inductive load such as an induction motor, the voltage across the commutating capacitor depends on the capacitance of the commutating capacitors and the external load condition. In the proposed inverter, the peak capacitor voltage can be controlled according to the link current. So the commutation capability is not lost under fast change of the DC link current or load condition. In this paper the operating principle and experimental results of the new MCCSI are described. The operation with other drive systems such as double fed machine and synchronous machine is discussed. It is shown that the inverter is suitable for AC drives, it has no load depending stability problems.
	TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF INVERTER FED PUMP DRIVES   By R. Belmans; A. Vandenput; D. Verdyck; D. Vermeulen; W. Geysen	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper gives a techno-economical analysis method for deciding whether or not a speed controlled induction motor may yield economical benefits when used for adapting the flow of a pump system. Based on the measured characteristics of the inverter-motor system a computerized analysis scheme is used for obtaining the financial benefits accounting for all system parameters as e.g. the cost of electrical energy, the head flow characteristic, the load as function of time, etc. Apart from energy considerations and financial benefits, attention is also paid to the power factor of the drive.
	THREE PHASE AC CHOPPER FOR SWITCHING INDUCTION MOTOR WITHOUT TRANSIENTS   By W. Deleroi	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The well known three-phase thyristor chopper is investigated for switching processes of induction machines applications. The basic principle of such chopper is the delayed firing of its six thyristors to control the behaviour of the machine. The simulation of this chopper machine system shows three modes of operation, the three-phase mode, the single-phase mode and the non-connected mode. All these modes can be calculated analytically by solving the differential equations. For all firing angles the steady state operation points can be found and also all dynamic situations can be calculated. In this way the switching in by the three-phase chopper is investigated using a phase modulation of firing angle to avoid all transients. During this operation all torque pulsations disappear and a smooth shape is found. That is possible when the rate of building up the main flux is decreased. Also the soft start of an induction machine can be realized without transients and a nearly constant torque up to rated speed.
	INDUCTION MOTOR WITH NON SINUSOIDAL AIR-GAP FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION   By J. António Dente	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In the past many efforts were made in the electronics concerning power drives systems. The object of those works was to create a rotating sinusoidal field distribution within the machine. This is a good solution when the machine has a sinusoidal structure. Instead of concentrating on the electronics, it is also possible to change the design of the machine in order to adapt it to the new supply conditions, created by electronic power sources. This paper describes how to create a rotating non-sinusoidal field distribution within the machine using a squirrel cage induction motor and a current source inverter. Experimental results show that there is a better profit in the power converter capacity of the machine with a non-sinusoidal structure when compared with a sinusoidal one.
	THE MEASUREMENT IN THE LPM TYPE TRANSFER MACHINE'S PARAMETER   By Daiki Ebihara; Kazuhiko Imagawa; Masayuki Inoue; Masahiko Yashiro	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In order to cope with more advanced industrial demand for transport system, we took up PM type linear motor with big gap and large capacity and successfully finished the basic experiment for the formation of optimum driving pattern for acceleration and deceleration of the carrier.
	A RELIABLE INVERTER DRIVE SCHEME   By B. W. Williams; J. C. Salmon	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: An integrated three phase variable frequency, voltage fed inverter and induction motor drive combination is presented. Rather than adding series inductance in each inverter leg in order to control simultaneous conduction fault currents, part of the induction motors leakage inductance performs the fault control function. Performance associated with a 4 kW 2 pole squirrel cage induction motor illustrates protection and derating aspects. Generally, motor output power is traded off against the level of fault protection desired. The protection afforded becomes more effective with increased motor voltage and power rating.
	TWO-SPEED CONTROLLER FOR SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS   By M. M. El Missiry; W. Zvavamwe	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a simple two-speed controller which gives a speed ratio of 1:2. The controller drops the supply frequency to half and keeps the ratio v/f constant in a novel way through the employment of a new principle which may be suitably called half-cycle manipulation. Two methods are discussed to drop the frequency of the supply to half using this principle and their frequency spectra are compared. The controller is tested with different types of single-phase induction motors and successfully gives the speed ratio required. Performance curves of a two-speed single-phase drive are also presented.
	HIGH PERFORMANCE INTELLIGENT 4 AXIS CONTROLLER BOARD ROBOTICS APPLICATIONS   By E. Grivot; A. Jakubowicz; G. Garcia	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an original 16 bits microprocessor-based architecture dedicated for performant position control of 4 DC servomotors. It is based upon an Intelligent Peripheral Controller structure and a specific interface designed to handle the 4 axes positioning slave circuits. lnterfacing with 4 axes is via ± 10 V 13 bits analog command or a power amplifier and via a position return given by a 32 bits optical incremental encoder. The slave position software can receive instructions and operating parameters from a keyboard over a serial link, or from a dialog over the VME bus in a shared memory on the board itself. The main performances are a PlD algorithm computation time within 1 ms for 4 axes. Safety functions enable axis control to be aborted if problems occur via a locally-executted function. The TSVME 440 Axis Controller is well adapted for robotics and machine tools.
	INFLUENCE AND PARTlAL COMPENSATION OF BACKLASH AND COULOMB FRICTION FOR A POSITION-CONTROLLED ELASTIC TWO-MASS SYSTEM   By G. Brandenburg; U. Schäfer	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In a position-controlled, electrically driven, elastic two-mass system severe stationary and dynamic disturbances are observed due to backlash or Coulomb friction, as for example chattering and stick-slip motions. The decisive parameters to produce these stable limit cycles are found with the Harmonic Balance, using describing functions, and with the circle criterion. By introducing a first-order observer small and big limit cycles are avoided completely in the system with backlash as well as high-frequency stick-slip motions are in the system with Coulomb friction. The tendency to low-frequency stick-slip is reduced significantly. Moreover, this observer improves the disturbance performance of the linear system considerably and allows simple cascade control to be applied down to low eigenfrequencies.
	THE MULTIMOTOR DC THYRISTOR CONVERTER DRIVE   By Andrzej Senderski; Maciej Tondos; Herbert Widlok	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a design of a multimotor dc drive with individual speed control by excitation current control of each motor. In this drive armatures of all motors are supplied from a common reversible thyristor converter and excitations are supplied from individual thyristor converters with suitable control systems. In consequence, a high economic effectiveness is achieved, which seems to be the main advantage of the solution put forward. Considerations about the design of a control structure adequate to meet the requirements as wel as the proprieties of this type of drives are described below. The end product was designing of the multi-level structure of control system in two version with typical and addaptive controllers, The results of Iaberatory test and conclusion concerning control structures are also demonstrated.
	ELECTRIC CONTROL OF A LINEAR RELUCTANCE MOTOR PROTOTYPE 110 daN, 0.2 m/s, 40 mm   By R. Goyet; R. Gheysens; J. Lucidarme; D. Matt; C. Rioux	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the experimentation of an original linear reluctance motor driven by means of a transistorized inverter. After briefly explaining the structure of the motor, stress is laid on the inverter drive. This is obtained from moving part position and P.W.M. current control ; it has a great effect on the performance of the whole device.
	FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH STRENGTHENED ROTOR FLUX LINKAGE IN TRANSIENT   By J. Chen; Y. Q. Liang	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Field-oriented control of the induction motor fed by a variable frequency, variable voltage static converter can be realized by means of controlling the stator current vector. Field-oriented control with constant rotor flux linkage in transient can make the induction motor acquire excellent dynamic performance. But to maintain rotor flux linkage in transient constant has not made the field-oriented control exhaust the possibilities to improve the transient torque and speed response. In this paper, the principle of the field-oriented control with strengthened rotor flux linkage in transient is presented. Appropriately strengthening of the rotor flux linkage in transient by means of increasing the field component of the given stator current can make the field-oriented control obtain the optimal transient response. This paper gives the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of the field-oriented control of an induction motor with strengthened rotor flux linkage in transient.
	ON THE ROTOR FLUX CONTROL IN VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM OF AC DRIVES   By Chen Boshi; Dai Shuzu; Zhu Pingping; He Jinfeng; Zhong Haihong	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The conditions for the guarantee of high dynamic performance of microprocessor-based vector control system are investigated. Conventional vector control strategy with closed flux loop acts toward the fulfillment of these conditions. Due to unavoidable inaccuracy of flux observer these conditions can't be satisfied perfectly. Well-adjusted open loop flux control system can get good performance also, while the system structure is quite simplified. On the other hand, when the dynamic performance is needed to be further enhanced, adaptive flux control strategy will be satlsfactory. Experimantal results are given.
	A SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER-BASED ADAPTIVE CURRENT CONTROLLER FOR A THREE-PHASE BRIDGE   By Geza Joos; Louis Dessaint; Jude Levasseur; Hoang Le-Huy	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the realisation of a current controller for a phase-controlled converter with special provision for the discontinuous current mode. It has been previously demonstrated that in the discontinuous current mode, the equivalent commutating resistance of the converter increases and becomes more and more important as the conduction angle becomes smaller [1]. This means that the electric time constant decreases as well as the converter voltage gain. In order to maintain the same time response of the current regulator, the integral term of the PI compensator is made variable in tbe discontinuous current mode. The proposed controller with adaptive adjustement of the integral gain bas been implemented on a single-chip microcomputer. The microcontroller is well suited for this application specially because of its on-board 16 bit timer used for the measurement of the conduction angle. The look-up table containing tbe values of the adaptive gain is conveniently stored in the on-package EPROM memory. With this scheme identical time response can be obtained in both continuous and discontinuous mode.
	ELECTRONIC COMPENSATION OF UNBALANCED MASS FORCES IN WASHING-MACHINES   By D. Naunin; J. Specovius	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The use of digital controlled dc motor systems in washing-machines opens new possibilities for the dynamic behaviour of the mechanical system. This paper deals with the improvement of the compensation of unbalanced mass forces in washing machines by a special control of the dc motor drive-system. For the control of the dc motor an 8 bit single-chip microcomputer is used . The obtainable efficiency in stabilizing the movement of a washing-machine is discussed and investigated by a digital computer simulation of the system. Praçtical results of a microcomputer controlled testing plant are shown.
	COMPLETELY DIGITAL CONTROL OF DC AND AC SERVODRIVES USING MOS-FET INVERTERS   By D. Naunin; K. Cevik; H.C. Reuss	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The use of dynamic servomotors with low inertia disc rotors raises the efficiency of industrial robots and manipulators. This paper deals with the completely digital control of dc and ac servodrives. The controller consists of two parts: a single-chip-microcomputer and a Power-MOS-FET inverter. The microcomputer detects the state values of the machine, gets a command value from a master and calculates the set value with the help of an implemented software algorithm. Controlling the dc machine an 8 bit microcomputer is used, the ac machine is controlled by a 16 bit microcomputer. Two types of position detectors are compared: the resolver and the incremental encoder. A state feed-back position control algorithm is implemented. The inverter consists of four/six Power-MOS-FETs with fast antiparallel diodes for the dc/ac machine. Results of the digital simulation and of the measurements of the realized controllers are given.
	OPTIMAL SPEED CONTROL OF A SEPERATELY EXCITED DC MACHINE   By Seta Bogosyan; Metin Gökasan; Tamer Kutman	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this study, an on-line optimal speed control method is proposed convenient for application to a seperately excited DC machine driven by a DC chopper and controlled by a microprocessor unit. In the determination of the optimal control law special importance has been given to the transient characteristics and the performance index is chosen to assure a short transient duration while satisfying the constraints on rotor current and voltage. The optimum control law thus obtained is used to determine the duty cycle of the DC chopper. Finally, the simulation results have been given to exhibit the desired effect of the control law on transient and steady state response.
	SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT TORQUE EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH PARAMETER CHANGE IN P.W. M. INVERTER DRIVES   By M. Khoshkhou; M. G. Jayne	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The present paper describes the results of an investigation into the torque behavior, in both the transient and steady state, of a Pulse-width modulated (P.W.M.) induction motor drive; when parameters of the P.W.M. waveform are subjected to change. The investigation was aided by the simulation and modelling of both the motor and P.W.M. drive which is described in detail. The software is very versatile and can accomodate any P.W.M. or inverter switching strategies.
	ELECTRICAL DRIVES PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING DETERMINISTIC SIGNALS   By K. Jezernik; M. Milanovic; A. Planinc	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this article is described a real-time parameter estimation method for plant control. The method is based on manipulation of mean values of easily measurable plant variables. The parameter evaluation algorithm uses the Euler method for solving differencial equations. The algorithm will be tested on a three phase full-wave DC motor drive.
	DYNAMIC MODELLING OF CSI FED SYNCHRONOUS DRIVES USING BOND GRAPHS   By G. M. Asher; J. D. Vasquez Borquez	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The power of the Bond Graph Modelling technique is exploited to derive simple equation structures for the dynamics of a naturally commutating DC link inverter-synchronous motor system. The derivation and computation of inverter switching functions are particularly simple. In addltion to ripple and commutation effects the dynamic nature of the simulation is illustrated by the modelling of link beat effects caused by the interaction of supply and machine frequencies. Some initial experimental results are given.
	A SOFTWARE REALISATION FOR THE FIRING CONTROL OF A THYRISTOR CONVERTER TO SUPPLY A BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR   By B. R. Menezes; C. Zanne; J. F. Aubry; C. Iung	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a software realisation for the firing control of the thyristors converter of synchronous motor. A single microprocessor ensures the firing control of the whole converter (rectifier and inverter angles) is welI suited for digital regulation.
	CURRENT-FED SELF-CONTROLLED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH SALIENT POLES AND DAMPER CAGE: OPTIMAL OPERATING MODE AND SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR REAL TIME CONTROL   By A. Jakubowicz; L. Lisowski; M. I. Mahmoud; JP. Rognon	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Many papers proposed a model for the self-synchronous machine with damper cage and salient poles driven by a current source inverter (RAZEK,1976; BARTON-LIPO-NOVOTNY, 1986). This model, which is based on the Park's formulation, is well adapted to the analog and numerical simulation, particularly in steady state. In contrast, it is not helpful in practice when the problems of the real time control are proposed (controller structure design, parameter computation and predetermination of the control system performances). A simplified model has been proposed to cover this practical domain in the case of non-salient poles machines operating in the medium and high speeds range (JAKUBOWICZ-NOUGARET-PERRET, 1980). This model implicitly use the average equivalent circuit method. This paper proposes the generalization of the average equivalent circuit method to get a simplified model for the salient poles machines with damper cage, at low speed or in the medium and high speeds range. This model respects a compromis simplicity/precision.
	ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN OSCILIATORY SYNCHRONOUS LINEAR DRIVE   By Ota Roubicek; Zdenek Pejsek; Jan Rozprim	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Electronically amplitude and frequency controlled drive with oscillatory synchronous linear motor with longitudinal functional air gaps, excited by permanent magnets and designed as a monoblock with a two-mass resonance mechanism and with oscillation sensor is especially convenient for the use in an automated industrial vibration equipment. Its ability for the operation also in heavy-duty service conditions was enabled mainly by the development of the reliable and price compentitive electronic accessories. The conception of reliability is based upon the principle of the drive, upon the purposefully designed electronic circuits and upon a system of automatic operation protections. Long-term experimental operation of severel prototypes expected properties of the developed electronic structure of the drive. Our purposful system approach to the solution respecting the principles of mechatronics appeared to be correct.
	BACK EMF INDIRECT DETECTIDN FOR SELF-COMMUTATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS   By Marcel Jufer; Razack Osseni	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The position sensors used in the synchronous PM motors (brushless DC and stepping motors) in order to switch the different phase transistors are generally of the Hall type. Our laboratory developed different solutions for the replacement of such sensors by an indirect position measurement, based on the back EMF detection. The present paper describes two different solutions. The back EMF being directly related to the mechanical and magnetical parameters, it is possible to deduce the necessary informations on the speed and the instantaneous rotor position. The proposed methods are of two types 1) the back EMF detection through the integrated voltage equations; 2) the third back EMF harmonic detection. At standstill, no position information can be detected. A starting and self-commutation method of the motor is proposed. Both solutions can be applied to a chopper power supply. Applications example, as a brushless DC motor for an artificial heart, are presented.
	MODELLING OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES USING PWM CONTROLLED CURRENT FOR ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS   By F. Piriou; A. Razek	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this work a numerical model of a synchronous motor drive for robotic applications is presented. The torque pulsations of the drive are limited by PWM current control. In this model the current reference is calculated from the emf waveform. The combined electrical and mechanical equations of the machine are solved through the operating equations of the inverter taking into account the sampling on-off control. This simulation is obtained using step-by-step numerical integration. An application on a laboratory permanent magnet synchronous motor of 6.2 kVA is done. In this paper the cases of motor acceleration and inversion of sense of rotation are treated.
	NUMERICAL CONTROL WITH A MICROCOMPUTER OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE FED BY A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR BY MEANS OF A THYRISTOR INVERTER   By B. Dakyo; S. Astier; J. M. Rolland; L. Protin	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This communication presents the digital control of a self-piloted synchronous machine fed from a photovoltaic generator by means of a current inverter which works in natural commutation. The hardware uses a microcomputer architecturized around an 8 bits microprocessor associated with interface, acquisition and control cards supported by the standard G 64 Bus. The software achieves the real-time processing of the specific werking parameters as well as their display, the working optimization and a measured data file saving. This control allows to operate various optimization processes and to campare their performances, such as the generator's working voltage regulation by hysteresis or by means of a proportional integral process.