| EPE 2015 - DS1d: Electrical Machines | ||
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 | A Novel Parameter Identification of IM Based on Inverter by Reducing Dead-Time Effect
By FEI XU | |
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Abstract: In order to improve the parameter precision of induction motor in identification at standstill, a novelmethod by adaptive compensation of dead-time effect in inverter control is proposed. Proportionalresonant controller, phase locked loop and the feature of dead-time effect are implemented toadaptively compensate the dead-time effect of current and to relieve the voltage wave distortion. Thenonlinear influence of dead-time effect in direct current measurement is also relieved. Theexperimental results show the proposed method can reduce the harmonics of current and voltage8.92\% and 7.65\% separately. The amplitude and phase of voltage are also compensated. Thefluctuation of voltage amplitude is less than uncompensated one. It is validated that the proposedmethod can improve the measurement precision of resistance and inductance.
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| | Active and reactive power distribution under steady-state and transient conditions in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)
By Sebastian NESCI | |
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Abstract: Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) represents one of the more used generators for the conversion of wind energy, whose operation is based on the capacity to adapt their excitation to obtain grid-frequency voltage. An experimental study of a 4 kW DFIG is presented, together with the corresponding behavior modeling when interconnected to a grid of infinite power, under steady-state and transient conditions. The distribution of the active and reactive power is analyzed. The phenomenon is studied in both the stator and rotor circuits of DFIG. An approximate physical analysis is carried out using the theorem of constant linked flux that is widely used to study the synchronous machine transients. The cited theorem has been found to be a very good tool to explain the phenomenon that takes place in DFIG, and the necessity of a deeper analysis to explain other phenomena not analyzed in this work.
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| | Adaptive dv/dt and di/dt Control Current Source Drive with short circuit protection for DC Solid State Power Controllers
By Li-gang RUAN | |
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Abstract: In this paper, a current source drive (CSD) circuit is presented for DC SSPC and the drain-source voltage overshoot and oscillations of power MOSFETs after short circuit protection of high power DC SSPC using the drive circuit are also investigated. Simulation and experiment results are presented to verify the analysis.
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| | Adoption of bonded magnets in place of sintered NdFeB: performance and economic considerations on a small power generator
By Luca FERRARIS | |
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Abstract: Bonded magnets are giving promising results when adopted to replace expensive rare earth magnets. The possibility to 'modulate' the magnetic characteristics by varying the binder percentage allows the opening of new lines of investigation and to face the problem of rare earths cost.In the paper a small power generator prototype has been equipped with bonded magnets realized in the Authors' Laboratories; it has been tested and compared with the original generator mounting NdFeB sintered magnets. FEM simulations are validated by means of experimental tests. Economic comparisons are proposed.
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| | An iterative FEA-based approach for the design of fault-tolerant IPM-FSCW machines
By Hui ZHANG | |
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Abstract: This paper presents an iterative finite-element analysis (FEA) approach for the design of integrated electricdrives comprising of interior permanent magnet fractional-slot concentrated winding (IPM-FSCW)machines and the stacked poly-phase bridges (SPB) converter. Particular focus is put on fault toleranceto handle a shorted converter submodule and the level of fault tolerance versus compactness (torque density) and power factor is quantified in the form of a case study considering a 30 kW, 2000 rpm machine.
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| | ANN-Based System For Inter-turn Stator Winding Fault Tolerant DTC Induction Motor Drives
By Shady KHALIL | |
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Abstract: Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme uses the stator resistance of the machine for the estimation of stator flux. The variation of stator resistance, due to stator winding turn fault, creates an error in the estimated stator flux position that may subsequently cause a failure of the complete drive system. This paper proposes the possibility of developing a remedial operating strategy using artificial neural network (ANN), which ensures a fault tolerance of inter-turn stator winding fault in the direct torque control (DTC) for induction motor drives. The proposed fault tolerant approach is achieved using a strategy that detects inter-turn stator winding fault, identifies fault severity and improves the DTC performance in the presence of incipient stator winding turn fault. The fault tolerant system is obtained by tuning the stator resistance to make the DTC strategy more robust and precise. This allows continuous disturbance-free operation of the induction motor drives even with existing inter-turn stator winding faults. This strategy is simple to implement, does not require new sensors or changes in the standard drive system. Experimental implementation is demonstrated for the validity of the proposed idea.
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| | Benefits of upgrading Insulating Materials to Operating Temperature of Traction Induction Motor
By Tetjana TOMASKOVA | |
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Abstract: Development of new material contributes to increasing the load of electric machines, while maintaining the dimensions. This article examines the influence of the material properties of the components of induction motor to its warming. The work carried out thermal calculation asynchronous traction motor. The calculation results are verified by measurements on existing machines. These measurements led to define itself the material properties and the boundary conditions. The computational model are used to predict warming of machines, with the use of new insulation materials
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| | Circulating Current Suppression of Converter Excited Wind Power Generation System with DC output
By Takahiro SO | |
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Abstract: This paper shows new induction generation system for wind power generation. This system has the voltage source converter (VSC) exciting induction generator and the PFC converter to absorb the real power in parallel. However, the circulating current flows between two converters, since the DC side of VSC and PFC converter are connected commonly. The circulating current causes a bad influence due to three phase imbalance, and the rating and cost of VSC increase by circulating current. Therefore we need to decrease the circulating current. The method of the circulating current reduction is investigated by the simulation, analysis and experiment. The VSC current is also decreased by controlling the circulating current and enables cost reduction of the whole system.
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| | Classical DC Excited Synchronous Generator for High Power Direct Driven Wind Turbine: Optimal Design and FEM Validation
By LUCIAN NICOLAE TUTELEA | |
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Abstract: The study considers a 7.6 MW, 180 poles, excited synchronous generator, for direct-drive wind turbine units. The paper introduces an optimal design and finite element verifications and it compares these results with literature. Design with MATLAB, 2D FEM analysis and the optimal design represent the core of the paper.
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| | Comparison of two Concentrated Winding Topologies applied on an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
By Jakob JUNG | |
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Abstract: Axial flux machines with internal stator and two outer rotor discs are either specified as N-S- or N-N-type, dependant on the flux path through the stator. While the N-S- type has to be equipped with tooth-wound coils, the N-N- type allows the application of core-wound coils. The main difference betweenthese winding configurations is the alignment of the end turns. Since the stator of a N-N-machine requires additional space for a yoke, this drawback can be potentially balanced out by using core-woundcoils.This paper gives an analytical approach in order to evaluate both stator types including the respectivewinding configurations. It is shown that tooth- and core-wound coils are subject to the same windingfactor if the same number of slots per pole and phase (SPP) is chosen. Apart from that, a comparisonof the stator losses under the supposition of identical stator volumes is drawn. The result reveals thatthe N-N-machine is likely to produce more iron and copper losses, if the SPP is near to 1/3, as it iscompulsory for tooth-wound coils. Eventually, it is reasoned that the N-N-machine gets more competitive if core-wound coils with a SPP of about 1/6 are applied.
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| | Design and prototyping of an optimized limited motion indirect drive actuator for automotive application
By Christophe GUTFRIND | |
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Abstract: The present work proposes an optimal design and a prototype of a limited stroke actuator dedicated to the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of an internal combustion engine. The actuator is composed by a brushed DC machine with spur gear set and is modelized and optimized under dynamic constraints with a Genetic Algorithm. Actuator performances is specified for a 150ms time response, a 0.363N.m minimal torque on an angular range from 0 to 80° at 9V supply voltage and 130°C temperature conditions. After an optimal design, a finite element method (FEM) with Flux-2D of Cedrat® is used to check the actuator performances in magnetostatic and transient resolution. Then a prototype is realized in order to verify actuator performance on test bench and a numerical model as Simulink® is created to simulate the behaviour of the EGR system with its actuator in all conditions. The result show that the system performance comparison between the analytical model and the prototype is correct and that the brushed DC motor with gears actuator seems to be the more suitable technology for this EGR system.
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| | Design Considerations When Developing a 50000 rpm High-Speed High-Power Machine
By Hans-Christian LAHNE | |
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Abstract: In this paper design aspects of high-speed electrical machines are discussed. Analytical calculationsdealing with issues of volume and weight are presented. Furthermore, machine design parameters areanalyzed. The main target is the design of a turbo generator for usage in aircraft. To improvereliability, a six-phase electrical machine is introduced.
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| | Development of a New Approach for Wide Speed Range of PMSM
By Sherif ZAID | |
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Abstract: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with lower inductance values suffering from the narrow Constant Power Speed Range (CPSR). The traditional approaches for extending CPSR operation included adding an additional inductance or a thyristor controlled inductance in series with the motor. However, these approaches increase the cost, complexity, and derate the inverter of the drive system. In this paper, a new solution to increase the CPSR of the PMSM is introduced to avoid the drawbacks of traditional approaches. The idea is to select the inverter reference currents values to maintain Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and to increase the output inductance seen by the inverter without adding any physical inductance or thyristor. This is achieved by adding a virtual inductance to the stator current equation. The value of the virtual inductance indicates how broaden is the speed range. The proposed system has the advantages of wide speed range operation, low size, low cost, and simple control. MATLAB simulations and complete hardware setup based on the Texas DSP (TMS320F28335) has been constructed to verify the new approach.
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| | Development of IPMSM with Rare Earth and Ferrite Magnets
By Shinnosuke MIYAMOTO | |
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Abstract: This paper presents our development of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) that reduces the amount of rare earth magnets required for its operation by changing the rotor structure. For comparison, as a standard, we employ a conventional IPMSM that uses only rare earth magnets. We introduce 2 types of rotor structures and analyze the average torque and torque ripple using the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM). Compared to that in the conventional model, the quantity of rare earth magnets in the proposed rotor structures can be reduced by 58\%. Instead of solely using rare earth magnets, we combine their use with a properly arranged ferrite magnet in the rotor to offset the reduction in magnetic flux. As a result, one of the proposed models shows the same average torque as that of the conventional model. Consequently, we confirm that the average torque in the final model is approximately equal to that in the conventional model and that the torque ripple is also improved.
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| | Experimental Drive Characteristics of HEFSM for Automobile Traction Drives
By HIROKI NAKANE | |
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Abstract: This paper presents design studies on a hybrid excitation flux switching motor that can compete with an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor installed on TOYOTA PRIUS-2010. A stator body of the hybrid excitation flux switching motor consists of not only laminated core and three-phase armature windings, but also field excitation coils and permanent magnets as field mmf sources. This machine makes it possible to vary its field flux by combining the two different mmf sources and thus, the name is capped by 'hybrid excitation' as a variable field flux motor. The first trial manufacturing of hybrid excitation flux switching motor has been built for tests to assess its drive performances. Based on analyses of the test results, design refinements on the first test motor are examined to make the second trial manufacturing. Various experimental test results using the second test motor demonstrate that drive performances of the hybrid excitation flux switching motor are comparable to those of the PRIUS's interior permanent magnet synchronous motor.
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| | Highly Efficient Constant Speed Drive System Based on a Doubly Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
By Alexander STOCK | |
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Abstract: In this paper, a highly efficient drive system for constant rotational speed applications, including a doublyfed permanent magnet synchronous machine (DFPMSM), will be presented. Due to loss minimization,most of the stator windings of the DFPMSM are directly fed by the electrical grid, while only some ofthe stator windings are fed by a low-power inverter to stabilize the complete drive system.
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| | IMPACT OF SEMI-MAGNETIC SLOT KEY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A TOOTH-COIL TRACTION MOTOR
By Juho MONTONEN | |
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Abstract: Fractional-slot non-overlapping-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine for traction application is designed. Detailed comparison of the performance of electrical machine is provided with and without semi-magnetic slot wedges. Usage of slot wedges brings some efficiency benefits while partially eliminating permanent magnet losses. It however, increases the synchronous inductance which results in lower peak torque but a higher field weakening area.
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| | Influence of Rotor Structure on the Torque Characteristic of a Novel Claw Pole Type Half-Wave Rectified Variable Field Flux Motor
By Takashi ABE | |
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Abstract: Recently development of the new concept motor for EV or HEV becomes very active. The wider torque and speed controllable operating range and high efficiency under driving area are needed for traction motor. As a novel motor candidates, we proposed a novel Claw Pole Type Half-Wave Rectified Variable Field Flux Motor (CP-HVFM). This motor is simple and robust brushless structure and has variable field flux performance. This paper describes the influence of the rotor structure on the torque characteristic of CP-HVFM.
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| | Loss Comparison of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Materials to be used in PMSM under Explosion Protection Aspects
By Nijan YOGAL | |
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Abstract: The use and demand of the permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM) is increasing in hazardous areas due to many advantages in the field of energy efficiency and easy controllability. The safe operation of the PMSM in potentially explosive atmospheric environments requires better understanding of non-oriented electrical steel sheet used for manufacturing in the rotor and stator yoke of the machine. This paper presents the comparison of non-oriented electrical steel of the same thickness but from a different manufacturing company.
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| | Optimal control of switched reluctance motors by genetic algorithms
By Alireza SIADATAN | |
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Abstract: In this paper, an optimization method using genetic algorithm (GA) is suggested to find the optimum fire angle of thyristors in switched reluctance motors. The optimum angle is the angle at which the minimum torque ripple and maximum torque are achieved. It is also possible to control the speed in this method. The results are achieved by simulating the actual model of switched reluctance motor 12/8, 50 watts and 3000 rpm in MATLAB.
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| | Outcome of Multi-Physics Optimization for Increase in Power Density of Asynchronous Railway Traction Drives
By Markus VOGELSBERGER | |
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Abstract: A new optimization approach for internal forced air-cooled traction drives is presented integrating multiphysicperformance evaluations. Here, the coupling of aero- and thermodynamic cooling performancewith electromagnetic performance analysis is applied. For determining electromagnetic properties FEA(finite element analysis) is use. The aero-/ thermodynamic performance is evaluated with analytical codeand then validated by full CFD (computational fluid dynamics).
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| | The Effect of Space Harmonic Components in the Air Gap Magnetic Flux Density on Torque Characteristic of a Squirrel-Cage Induction Machine
By Vladimir KINDL | |
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Abstract: The paper discusses the effects of harmonic content of the air gap magnetic flux density on torque characteristic of a squirrel-cage induction machine. It mainly focuses on behavior of the harmonic content during the operation and quick prediction of its torque performance using steady state analysis. The study combines harmonic finite element analysis with analytical approach.
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| | Torque ripples in stepping motor driven systems
By Stijn DERAMMELAERE | |
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Abstract: Stepping motor operation is characterized by torque ripples. In this paper it is shown these torque ripples are caused by both the stepping motor drive algorithms and the toothed construction of rotor and stator of the studied hybrid stepping motors. These torque ripples are analyzed, discussed and measured. The torque ripples are measured in the complete operating range of the motor and depicted in this paper for full- half- and micro-stepping. By doing this, the paper provides insight in the vibrating behavior of a stepping motor driven system and possible solutions to overcome this are placed in the right perspective.
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| | Vector Controlled Brushless Doubly Fed Twin Stator Cascaded Induction Generator for Variable Speed Wind Generation Connected to Weak Grids
By Ahmed ABDELSALAM | |
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Abstract: Due to continuous concerns about environmental pollution and a possible energy shortage, renewable energy systems, based mainly on wind power, solar energy, small hydro-electric power, etc have been implemented. Wind energy seems certain to play a major part in the world's energy future. In spite of sudden wind speed variations, wind farm generators should always be capable of extracting the maximum possible mechanical power from the wind and turning it into electrical power. Nowadays, most of the installed wind turbines are based on doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), wound rotor synchronous generators (WRSG) and permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The DFIG equipped wind turbine has several advantages over others. One of which, the power converter in such wind turbines only deals with rotor power, hence the converter rating can run at reduced power rating. However DFIG has the famous disadvantage of the presence of slip rings which leads to increased maintenance costs and reduced life-time. Hence, brushless doubly fed induction machines (BDFIMs) can be considered as a viable alternative. In this paper, the brushless doubly fed twin stator induction generator (BDFTSIG) is modeled in details. A wind energy conversion system (WECS) utilizing a proposed indirect vector controlled BDFTSIG is presented. The proposed controller performance is investigated under various loading conditions showing enhanced transient and minimal steady state oscillations in addition to complete active/reactive power decoupling.
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