EPE Association: EPE 1999 - Topic 08c: Drives, Power Converters

EPE 1999 - Topic 08c: Drives, Power Converters
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 08: ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES > EPE 1999 - Topic 08c: Drives, Power Converters

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   A 100 kW Electric Drive for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
By J. Lindström; J. Luomi [View]
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Abstract: The paper deals with an experimental drive based on an inset-magnet motor optimized for a hybrid electric vehicle. The experimental motor has been designed for a low system cost and high efficiency. Numerical computations by means of a finite element method were conducted for prediction of the motor characteristics, and measurements by means of a calorimetric method were performed to determine the total losses of the motor. An estimation of the accuracy has shown that the total losses can be determined within ± 2.3 % at the nominal operating point, where the motor efficiency was 95.5 %.

   Design and Control of an Hybrid Transmission with Electrical Power Splitting
By W. Hofmann; P. Tenberge [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new kind of hybrid electric vehicle is described with power flow and distributing over an electric train and mechanical drive. The electrical drive train consists of two motor/generators controlled by inverters which are connected with a dc- link. One is connected with the combustion engine the other with the sun wheel of the planetary gearing where both mechanical and electro-mechanical energy are sumed again. The design of ac-drives, power electronics, and the total efficiency of the stepless power- distributed gear are discussed.

   Electrical Vehicle Main Drive Control System
By N. Hadzimejlic; A. Sabanovic; N. Behlilovic [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a control system of the main drive in the electrical vehicle is described. The structure of the electric vehicle, cycle of the electric vehicle driving are analyzed and on the basis the elements of the driving profile relevant for main drive the control system design is proposed The control system of the electromagnetic torque with cascade regulation is proposed. In the inner loop the regulation of the stator currents by applying the continual sliding modes, and the outer loop performs the control of the electromagnetic torque.

   Feeding and Control of a Brushless Triphase Motor for an Electric Bicycle
By M. Karmous; C. Espanet; J.-L. Billod; S. Robert; J.-M. Kauffmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes a command for a brushless DC motor propelling an electric bicycle. This command allows the motor to work in traction and in braking in order to recover electrical energy going downhill. The motor used is a brushless DC motor, with permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets, trapezoidal feeding, reversed structure and built-in the front wheel (direct drive). The motor has a controlled current because, similar to a machine under continuous current, the torque is proportional to the current. Thus the user can reduce or increase the speed in modifying the acceleration command. Position captors placed in the stator make it possible to define which phase must be fed. To allow traction and braking the voltage waver is commanded in pulse width modulation (PWM) and the transistors of a same vertical work in opposition. The duty cycle of the PWM is determined by the current regulation and the current is measured in the motor phases. The regulation loop has been built using analogical electronics because digital electronics is more expensive and offers less precision. This command runs very well on a test bench. It will be tested on a bicycle shortly. The energy recovery works and make it possible to increase the autonomy of the battery.

   Gearless Drive for Light Vehicles
By J. Jelonkiewicz; E. Mendrela [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents a gearless drive, designed for light vehicles. It consists of a disc type brushless motor built into a wheel’s rim, converter and control circuit. As the drive is proposed for low-cost applications like wheelchairs, described solutions in the motor design and the drive control are the compromise between its price and performance.

   Mechanical Field Weakening with Actuation by the Stator Currents
By B. Kraßer; F. Rattei [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The technique described here can be applied to permanent magnet excited machines which use a rotor with movable magnets to reduce the field at higher speeds. This method does not need actuators in the rotor to shift the magnets in order to achieve the desired angle between them. All forces needed for shifting, are produced by the stator currents. Under constant power operation in the field weakening range, the e.m.f. should be constant and the torque intensively proportional to the speed. To achieve such characteristics, special control of the currents in the d- and q-axes was developed. A machine which uses this new technique was built and tested in a drive with a PWM-converter controlled by a microprocessor. The first results showed correct operation of the system and proved the theoretical speculations.

   Modelling and Simulation of a New In-Wheel Motor
By D. Hadjidj; Y. Aït-Amirat; A. Miraoui; J-M. Kauffmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents an original reluctance motor with permanent magnet excitation in the rotor, which is named : the Transverse Vernier Hybrid Reluctance Motor, as well as its modelling. One of the promising applications of this new motor concerns the direct electric propulsion. The equivalent electric model is used to predict the motor performances. The model parameters are obtained from finite element field solution. Performance of this motor is described and theoretical predictions are compared with test.

   Static Frequency Converter of the Transrapid Propulsion System
By U. Henning; P. G. Kamp [View]
[Download]

Abstract: New high power static frequency converter and new drive control system components for the TRANSRAPID propulsion system were developed and successfully tested under realistic operating conditions in the course of modernization of the TRANSRAPID test facility Emsland.

EPE 1999 - Topic 08c: Drives, Power Converters
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1999 - Conference > EPE 1999 - Topic 08: ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES > EPE 1999 - Topic 08c: Drives, Power Converters
	[return to parent folder]

	A 100 kW Electric Drive for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle By J. Lindström; J. Luomi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with an experimental drive based on an inset-magnet motor optimized for a hybrid electric vehicle. The experimental motor has been designed for a low system cost and high efficiency. Numerical computations by means of a finite element method were conducted for prediction of the motor characteristics, and measurements by means of a calorimetric method were performed to determine the total losses of the motor. An estimation of the accuracy has shown that the total losses can be determined within ± 2.3 % at the nominal operating point, where the motor efficiency was 95.5 %.

	Design and Control of an Hybrid Transmission with Electrical Power Splitting By W. Hofmann; P. Tenberge	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new kind of hybrid electric vehicle is described with power flow and distributing over an electric train and mechanical drive. The electrical drive train consists of two motor/generators controlled by inverters which are connected with a dc- link. One is connected with the combustion engine the other with the sun wheel of the planetary gearing where both mechanical and electro-mechanical energy are sumed again. The design of ac-drives, power electronics, and the total efficiency of the stepless power- distributed gear are discussed.

	Electrical Vehicle Main Drive Control System By N. Hadzimejlic; A. Sabanovic; N. Behlilovic	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a control system of the main drive in the electrical vehicle is described. The structure of the electric vehicle, cycle of the electric vehicle driving are analyzed and on the basis the elements of the driving profile relevant for main drive the control system design is proposed The control system of the electromagnetic torque with cascade regulation is proposed. In the inner loop the regulation of the stator currents by applying the continual sliding modes, and the outer loop performs the control of the electromagnetic torque.

	Feeding and Control of a Brushless Triphase Motor for an Electric Bicycle By M. Karmous; C. Espanet; J.-L. Billod; S. Robert; J.-M. Kauffmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a command for a brushless DC motor propelling an electric bicycle. This command allows the motor to work in traction and in braking in order to recover electrical energy going downhill. The motor used is a brushless DC motor, with permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets, trapezoidal feeding, reversed structure and built-in the front wheel (direct drive). The motor has a controlled current because, similar to a machine under continuous current, the torque is proportional to the current. Thus the user can reduce or increase the speed in modifying the acceleration command. Position captors placed in the stator make it possible to define which phase must be fed. To allow traction and braking the voltage waver is commanded in pulse width modulation (PWM) and the transistors of a same vertical work in opposition. The duty cycle of the PWM is determined by the current regulation and the current is measured in the motor phases. The regulation loop has been built using analogical electronics because digital electronics is more expensive and offers less precision. This command runs very well on a test bench. It will be tested on a bicycle shortly. The energy recovery works and make it possible to increase the autonomy of the battery.

	Gearless Drive for Light Vehicles By J. Jelonkiewicz; E. Mendrela	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a gearless drive, designed for light vehicles. It consists of a disc type brushless motor built into a wheel’s rim, converter and control circuit. As the drive is proposed for low-cost applications like wheelchairs, described solutions in the motor design and the drive control are the compromise between its price and performance.

	Mechanical Field Weakening with Actuation by the Stator Currents By B. Kraßer; F. Rattei	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The technique described here can be applied to permanent magnet excited machines which use a rotor with movable magnets to reduce the field at higher speeds. This method does not need actuators in the rotor to shift the magnets in order to achieve the desired angle between them. All forces needed for shifting, are produced by the stator currents. Under constant power operation in the field weakening range, the e.m.f. should be constant and the torque intensively proportional to the speed. To achieve such characteristics, special control of the currents in the d- and q-axes was developed. A machine which uses this new technique was built and tested in a drive with a PWM-converter controlled by a microprocessor. The first results showed correct operation of the system and proved the theoretical speculations.

	Modelling and Simulation of a New In-Wheel Motor By D. Hadjidj; Y. Aït-Amirat; A. Miraoui; J-M. Kauffmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an original reluctance motor with permanent magnet excitation in the rotor, which is named : the Transverse Vernier Hybrid Reluctance Motor, as well as its modelling. One of the promising applications of this new motor concerns the direct electric propulsion. The equivalent electric model is used to predict the motor performances. The model parameters are obtained from finite element field solution. Performance of this motor is described and theoretical predictions are compared with test.

	Static Frequency Converter of the Transrapid Propulsion System By U. Henning; P. G. Kamp	[View] [Download]
Abstract: New high power static frequency converter and new drive control system components for the TRANSRAPID propulsion system were developed and successfully tested under realistic operating conditions in the course of modernization of the TRANSRAPID test facility Emsland.