EPE Association: EPE 1989 - 10 - Lecture Session 2.3: TRACTION DRIVES

EPE 1989 - 10 - Lecture Session 2.3: TRACTION DRIVES
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   INFLUENCE OF THE CONTROL PRINCIPLE ON A HIGH-VOLTAGE INVERTER SYSTEM FOR REDUCTION OF TRACTION-TRANSFORMER WEIGHT
By S. Östlund [View]
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Abstract: In electric traction vehicles with 16 2/3 Hz supply voltage the transformer adds considerably to the total weight of the vehicle. By chopping the supply voltage, the transformer can be designed for a higher frequency resulting in a smaller transformer with reduced weight and losses. The influence of two different control principles on the transformer design and operation of a naturally commutated high-voltage inverter system has been examined. If the frequency is constant the transformer is not fully utilized and weight and losses are higher than when the transformer frequency is allowed to vary. A limitation of the transformer flux provides a frequency that varies between values higher and lower than the average frequency. On the other hand a variable frequency system generates more unfavourable line current harmonics. The weight of the system has been calculated for different operation conditions and frequencies. At 200 Hz transformer frequency constant frequency operation reduces the weight of the supply system compared to a normal 16 2/3 Hz transformer by 32 %. That is about 3.5 tonnes for a 5 MVA system. At variable frequency operation the weight is reduced by 37 %, that is about 4 tonnes.

   ADAPTIVE OPTIMAL PULSEWIDTH MODULATION FOR THE LINE-SIDE CONVERTER OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
By Joachim Holtz; Jens Onno Krah [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Reflections of traveling waves in a distributed railway overhead supply system produce electrical oscillations at multiple resonant frequencies. These are likely to coincide with the characteristic harmonics of PWM converter-fed locomotives, which may produce electromagnetic interference with track-side communication lines. Resonant excitation of the line is avoided using an optimized PWM control of the line-side converter. The corresponding frequency bands are eliminated in the harmonic spectrum of the converter. An adaptive strategy takes care of the fact that the resonant frequencies are time-varying as the locomotives move along their tracks. The adaptive optimal control can be performed in real-time on a digital signal processor system.

   NOVEL 4-QUADRANT CONVERTER CONTROL METHOD
By K. Hückelheim; Ch. Mangold [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Today heavy-duty AC electric locomotives are usually equipped with a three-phase drive system. The traction motors of these systems are fed by an inverter with DC voltage link. The input converter (a four-quadrant power converter) ensures excellent dynamic behaviour and a low content of harmonics in the line current. Overhead contact line systems with a high content of harmonics in the voltage cause an additional AC ripple on the DC link voltage. The new control method avoids this additional loading by adapting the current curve shape if harmonic components occur in the voltage. The new method has been implemented on a MICAS unit consisting of a micro-controller and a digital signal processor (DSP).

   REQUIREMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF A THREE-LEVEL FOUR QUADRANT POWER CONVERTER IN A TRACTION APPLICATION
By Ch. Bächle; H.-P. Bauer; T. Seger [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The three-level-GTO-converter has shown its merits in high power traction applications. This paper takes into account the special features of a three-level-converter which are not met in two-level-converters. These features concern the symmetry of the DC link and the dedicated interlocking of the GTO commands. The former was solved in software. The strict timing restrictions of the latter require the extensive use of ASlC designs. New tools were introduced to support the software specification. High power and multi-system locomotives will be the first to use this three-level-GTO converter.

   HIGH POWER GTO CONVERTERS FOR THE NEW GERMAN HIGH SPEED TRAIN ICE
By R. Marquardt [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Evaporation cooled GTO power modules for universal use in high power traction converters have been developed. These modules, their internal circuit and cooling system and their application for the power converters of the high speed train ICE are described. Special attention is given to the realization problems of high power GTO converters with respect to the snubber circuit configuration.

   DEVELOPMENT OF A PWM CONVERTER AND INVERTER DEVICE FOR SHINKANSEN EMU
By Hiroshi Hata; Kosuke Aburaya; Eimei Takahara; Masato Iwataki [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Japan Railways group (former Japanese National Railways) has been researching and developing a voltage source PWM converter and inverter system with GTO thyristor (4500 V 2500 A) for Shinkansen emu (AC25kV 50 or 60Hz). This system can realize a faster train speed, a smaller size and Iighter weight of propulsion system, a reduction of traction motors' maintenance and a less energy consumption. But we had problems to be solved such as inverter output current beat, rapid increase of the converter input current caused by the DC magnetization of main transformer exceeding the set value of the overcurrent detecter, control of regenerative brake in time of power failure. We worked out countermeasures and tested them with good prospects of their practical application.

EPE 1989 - 10 - Lecture Session 2.3: TRACTION DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1989 - Conference > EPE 1989 - 10 - Lecture Session 2.3: TRACTION DRIVES
	[return to parent folder]

	INFLUENCE OF THE CONTROL PRINCIPLE ON A HIGH-VOLTAGE INVERTER SYSTEM FOR REDUCTION OF TRACTION-TRANSFORMER WEIGHT By S. Östlund	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In electric traction vehicles with 16 2/3 Hz supply voltage the transformer adds considerably to the total weight of the vehicle. By chopping the supply voltage, the transformer can be designed for a higher frequency resulting in a smaller transformer with reduced weight and losses. The influence of two different control principles on the transformer design and operation of a naturally commutated high-voltage inverter system has been examined. If the frequency is constant the transformer is not fully utilized and weight and losses are higher than when the transformer frequency is allowed to vary. A limitation of the transformer flux provides a frequency that varies between values higher and lower than the average frequency. On the other hand a variable frequency system generates more unfavourable line current harmonics. The weight of the system has been calculated for different operation conditions and frequencies. At 200 Hz transformer frequency constant frequency operation reduces the weight of the supply system compared to a normal 16 2/3 Hz transformer by 32 %. That is about 3.5 tonnes for a 5 MVA system. At variable frequency operation the weight is reduced by 37 %, that is about 4 tonnes.

	ADAPTIVE OPTIMAL PULSEWIDTH MODULATION FOR THE LINE-SIDE CONVERTER OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES By Joachim Holtz; Jens Onno Krah	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Reflections of traveling waves in a distributed railway overhead supply system produce electrical oscillations at multiple resonant frequencies. These are likely to coincide with the characteristic harmonics of PWM converter-fed locomotives, which may produce electromagnetic interference with track-side communication lines. Resonant excitation of the line is avoided using an optimized PWM control of the line-side converter. The corresponding frequency bands are eliminated in the harmonic spectrum of the converter. An adaptive strategy takes care of the fact that the resonant frequencies are time-varying as the locomotives move along their tracks. The adaptive optimal control can be performed in real-time on a digital signal processor system.

	NOVEL 4-QUADRANT CONVERTER CONTROL METHOD By K. Hückelheim; Ch. Mangold	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Today heavy-duty AC electric locomotives are usually equipped with a three-phase drive system. The traction motors of these systems are fed by an inverter with DC voltage link. The input converter (a four-quadrant power converter) ensures excellent dynamic behaviour and a low content of harmonics in the line current. Overhead contact line systems with a high content of harmonics in the voltage cause an additional AC ripple on the DC link voltage. The new control method avoids this additional loading by adapting the current curve shape if harmonic components occur in the voltage. The new method has been implemented on a MICAS unit consisting of a micro-controller and a digital signal processor (DSP).

	REQUIREMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF A THREE-LEVEL FOUR QUADRANT POWER CONVERTER IN A TRACTION APPLICATION By Ch. Bächle; H.-P. Bauer; T. Seger	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The three-level-GTO-converter has shown its merits in high power traction applications. This paper takes into account the special features of a three-level-converter which are not met in two-level-converters. These features concern the symmetry of the DC link and the dedicated interlocking of the GTO commands. The former was solved in software. The strict timing restrictions of the latter require the extensive use of ASlC designs. New tools were introduced to support the software specification. High power and multi-system locomotives will be the first to use this three-level-GTO converter.

	HIGH POWER GTO CONVERTERS FOR THE NEW GERMAN HIGH SPEED TRAIN ICE By R. Marquardt	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Evaporation cooled GTO power modules for universal use in high power traction converters have been developed. These modules, their internal circuit and cooling system and their application for the power converters of the high speed train ICE are described. Special attention is given to the realization problems of high power GTO converters with respect to the snubber circuit configuration.

	DEVELOPMENT OF A PWM CONVERTER AND INVERTER DEVICE FOR SHINKANSEN EMU By Hiroshi Hata; Kosuke Aburaya; Eimei Takahara; Masato Iwataki	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Japan Railways group (former Japanese National Railways) has been researching and developing a voltage source PWM converter and inverter system with GTO thyristor (4500 V 2500 A) for Shinkansen emu (AC25kV 50 or 60Hz). This system can realize a faster train speed, a smaller size and Iighter weight of propulsion system, a reduction of traction motors' maintenance and a less energy consumption. But we had problems to be solved such as inverter output current beat, rapid increase of the converter input current caused by the DC magnetization of main transformer exceeding the set value of the overcurrent detecter, control of regenerative brake in time of power failure. We worked out countermeasures and tested them with good prospects of their practical application.