EPE Association: EPE 2019 - DS1a: Passive Components

EPE 2019 - DS1a: Passive Components
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2019 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2019 - Topic 01: Devices, Packaging and System Integration > EPE 2019 - DS1a: Passive Components

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   Analytical Calculation of DC-Link Current for N-Interleaved 3-Phase PWM Inverters Considering AC Current Ripple
By Adrien VOLDOIRE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes an analytical computation of the rms current flowing in the input DC capacitor of a PWM inverter. For a chosen PWM control, switching angles are computed in order to estimate the spectrum of the input current, which is the key design parameter of the input capacitor. The calculation takes into account the AC current ripple, as it can be important, especially for interleaved inverters. The impact of the neutral connection between AC and DC side is also studied. The spectral repartition of the current in the DC capacitor is shown and compared to simulation results. The impact of the AC current ripple, of the PWM generation and of the number of interleaved level is discussed.

   Calculation of the Leakage Inductance of Medium Frequency Transformers with Rectangular-Shaped Windings using an Accurate Analytical Method
By Morteza ESLAMIAN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: To achieve the lowest loss by the Zero-Voltage Switching of a Dual Active Bridge converter, it iscrucial to precisely calculate the embedded Leakage Inductance of the used Medium FrequencyTransformer (MFT). An effective analytical method is proposed for calculation of the leakageinductance of the MFT with rectangular-shaped windings.

   Extension of a Calculation Model based on the Pi Line Theory for Transient Voltage Distribution in Inductors by Complex Permittivity and Frequency-Depending Com
By Lukas REISSENWEBER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In order to design inductors for high frequencies with related fast voltage increases, it is necessary to know the transient voltage distribution. Therefore the extension of a calculation model by dielectric losses (complex permittivity) and frequency-dependent core losses (complex permeability) is presented. The calculation model is based on the p line theory. The extension enables a higher accuracy in calculation of the current and the voltage distribution for any applied voltage signal. Simulations with different rise times show the potential of the model to calculate the nonlinear voltage distribution in turn on and switching moments.

   Improved Inductive Feed-Forward for Fast Turn-On of Power Semiconductors during Hard Switching
By Jonathan HACKEL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A transformer is used to increase the gate voltage during turn-on, thus reducing the necessary bias voltageof the gate driver. Counteracting the voltage dependency of the gate capacitance of high-voltage powerdevices, faster transitions are possible. The additional transformer only slighly increases the over-voltageduring turn-off.

   Influence of Magnetic History and Accommodation on Hysteresis Loss for Arbitrary Core Excitations
By Erika STENGLEIN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: When designing inductive components for switched-mode power supplies, the influence of magnetic history on hysteresis loss is customarily assumed to be negligible in steady-state. This, however, does not apply for excitations comprising major and minor loops. This paper demonstrates the significant effects of magnetic history and accommodation on hysteresis loss.

   Novel Design for a Coreless Printed Circuit Board Transformer realizing High Bandwidth and Coupling
By Jonathan HACKEL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Rogowski coils offer galvanic isolation and can measure alternating currents with a high bandwidth.Coreless printed circuit board (PCB) transformers have been used as an alternative to limit the additionalstray inductance if a Rogowski coil can not be attached to the circuit. A new PCB transformer layoutis proposed to reduce cost, decrease additional stray inductance, increase the bandwidth of currentmeasurements and simplify the integration into existing designs.

   Optimal Design of Inductors Based on Homothetic Shape and using Geometric Programming
By Thierry MEYNARD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The ef_ciency and power density of a converter are two major characteristics but they are antagonists so the designer has to _nd a tade-off between them. This is generally formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem giving a pareto front, and it can be encoutered at the system level, at subsystem level or even at the component level. In general the formulation needs to be different at each level because optimization algorithms are not robust enough and cannot guarantee convergence on large scale problems. This paper proposes a design method for inductors, using a mathematical formalism known as Geometric Programming (GP) that gives strong guarantees of convergence whatever the size of the problem. The design model describes objective and constraint functions using monomials and posynomials to comply with GP rules and works with homothetic shapes.A _rst formulation using continuous parameters allows selecting the region of operation and provides a good estimate of attainable size and losses, then a second formulation shows how to truncate parameters that need to be discrete values to obtain feasible objects (integer number of turns, discrete core size,) and account for non linear permeability. An evaluation case is presented to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Last, a _nite element analysis is included to account for some non linearities such as fringing and proximity effects, and improve the design accuracy. Because of the GP formulation, it should be possible in future work to use such an inductor model for sub-system level optimization (for example 2nd or 4th order _lter) and still guarantee convergence towards a global optimum.

   Parasitic couplings of 3-phase EMI filter design for 1kW 3-phase boost converter
By Wai Keung MO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Parasitic coupling can play a significant role in the overall performance of overall multiple EMI filters. The filter attenuation can be degraded with inductive and capacitive couplings. This paper is to examine the parasitic coupling effects among the filter components and the physical orientations of the individual EMI chokes

   Pareto-optimal selection of saturating inductors in the design of Switch-Mode Power Supplies
By Matteo LODI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Ferrite-core inductors are largely used in switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs) and can be fruitfullyexploited also when working in partial saturation. The choice of a specific component depends on many factors, often requiring a trade-off between conflicting needs. In this paper a nonlinear inductance model for a whole family of ferrite-core inductors is proposed. An inductor family includes components with the same magnetic core and a different number of windings, which determines the nominal inductance. The proposed model, which includes magnetic saturation and dependence on the average inductor power loss, is exploited to evaluate the impact of the nominal inductance on the current ripple and power loss, in the SMPS design. A Pareto frontier is identified, which allows selecting optimal values of the nominal inductance, by trading off power loss and current ripple.

   Review of dimensional resonance effect for high frequency magnetic components
By Siqi LIN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Mn-Zn cores are widely used in high-frequency, high-power power electronics applications. In order to manage with kilowatt and even higher power ratings, large cores are required. In this issue the magnetic cores themself are affected by inherent physical parameters, and thus their performances are limited and additional losses are generated. This phenomenon can be summarized as the dimensional effect. It includes eddy current effect and resonance effect. The eddy current effect has been widely discussed, but the resonance effect is often neglected. But both effects causes considerable losses in certain sizes and at certain frequencies. Therefore in this paper, a review of the existing researches about dimensional resonance effects is presented.

   Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis in Magnetic Characterization using High Frequency GaN Inverter in the MHz Order
By Wilmar MARTINEZ [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper introduces the THD analysis when comparing iron loss characterization procedures using clamp type current probes and high precision shunt resistances at high carrier frequency excitation with a GANFET inverter. As a result of this procedure, the measurements using shunt resistances shown an easier way to compensate the error injected by the sensor.

   Validation of Inductor Analytical Loss Models under Saturation Conditions for PWM Inverter
By Adrien VOLDOIRE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Designing inductors in Power Electronics PWM inverter requires accounting for losses generated inthese components, including saturation. This paper investigates the design of the AC output inductorsof a PWM inverter. The induction waveform of the output inductor is first computed, taking into account a variable saturation state of the core. This enables to compute the core losses using iGSE in a particular analytical formulation. Furthermore a high frequency copper losses model applied to Litz wire is presented and validated using impedance measurement. A calorimetric method is used to measure and determine the area of validity of these core and copper losses models. With a calibration step, the global measurement error is below 0.2W. Over dozens of experiments carried out in different conditions, results show the importance of the choice of Steinmetz coefficients if the signal has multiple frequencies. The effect of the saturation on the waveform and on the losses is also depicted.

EPE 2019 - DS1a: Passive Components
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2019 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2019 - Topic 01: Devices, Packaging and System Integration > EPE 2019 - DS1a: Passive Components
	[return to parent folder]

	Analytical Calculation of DC-Link Current for N-Interleaved 3-Phase PWM Inverters Considering AC Current Ripple By Adrien VOLDOIRE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes an analytical computation of the rms current flowing in the input DC capacitor of a PWM inverter. For a chosen PWM control, switching angles are computed in order to estimate the spectrum of the input current, which is the key design parameter of the input capacitor. The calculation takes into account the AC current ripple, as it can be important, especially for interleaved inverters. The impact of the neutral connection between AC and DC side is also studied. The spectral repartition of the current in the DC capacitor is shown and compared to simulation results. The impact of the AC current ripple, of the PWM generation and of the number of interleaved level is discussed.

	Calculation of the Leakage Inductance of Medium Frequency Transformers with Rectangular-Shaped Windings using an Accurate Analytical Method By Morteza ESLAMIAN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: To achieve the lowest loss by the Zero-Voltage Switching of a Dual Active Bridge converter, it iscrucial to precisely calculate the embedded Leakage Inductance of the used Medium FrequencyTransformer (MFT). An effective analytical method is proposed for calculation of the leakageinductance of the MFT with rectangular-shaped windings.

	Extension of a Calculation Model based on the Pi Line Theory for Transient Voltage Distribution in Inductors by Complex Permittivity and Frequency-Depending Com By Lukas REISSENWEBER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In order to design inductors for high frequencies with related fast voltage increases, it is necessary to know the transient voltage distribution. Therefore the extension of a calculation model by dielectric losses (complex permittivity) and frequency-dependent core losses (complex permeability) is presented. The calculation model is based on the p line theory. The extension enables a higher accuracy in calculation of the current and the voltage distribution for any applied voltage signal. Simulations with different rise times show the potential of the model to calculate the nonlinear voltage distribution in turn on and switching moments.

	Improved Inductive Feed-Forward for Fast Turn-On of Power Semiconductors during Hard Switching By Jonathan HACKEL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A transformer is used to increase the gate voltage during turn-on, thus reducing the necessary bias voltageof the gate driver. Counteracting the voltage dependency of the gate capacitance of high-voltage powerdevices, faster transitions are possible. The additional transformer only slighly increases the over-voltageduring turn-off.

	Influence of Magnetic History and Accommodation on Hysteresis Loss for Arbitrary Core Excitations By Erika STENGLEIN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: When designing inductive components for switched-mode power supplies, the influence of magnetic history on hysteresis loss is customarily assumed to be negligible in steady-state. This, however, does not apply for excitations comprising major and minor loops. This paper demonstrates the significant effects of magnetic history and accommodation on hysteresis loss.

	Novel Design for a Coreless Printed Circuit Board Transformer realizing High Bandwidth and Coupling By Jonathan HACKEL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Rogowski coils offer galvanic isolation and can measure alternating currents with a high bandwidth.Coreless printed circuit board (PCB) transformers have been used as an alternative to limit the additionalstray inductance if a Rogowski coil can not be attached to the circuit. A new PCB transformer layoutis proposed to reduce cost, decrease additional stray inductance, increase the bandwidth of currentmeasurements and simplify the integration into existing designs.

	Optimal Design of Inductors Based on Homothetic Shape and using Geometric Programming By Thierry MEYNARD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The ef_ciency and power density of a converter are two major characteristics but they are antagonists so the designer has to _nd a tade-off between them. This is generally formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem giving a pareto front, and it can be encoutered at the system level, at subsystem level or even at the component level. In general the formulation needs to be different at each level because optimization algorithms are not robust enough and cannot guarantee convergence on large scale problems. This paper proposes a design method for inductors, using a mathematical formalism known as Geometric Programming (GP) that gives strong guarantees of convergence whatever the size of the problem. The design model describes objective and constraint functions using monomials and posynomials to comply with GP rules and works with homothetic shapes.A _rst formulation using continuous parameters allows selecting the region of operation and provides a good estimate of attainable size and losses, then a second formulation shows how to truncate parameters that need to be discrete values to obtain feasible objects (integer number of turns, discrete core size,) and account for non linear permeability. An evaluation case is presented to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Last, a _nite element analysis is included to account for some non linearities such as fringing and proximity effects, and improve the design accuracy. Because of the GP formulation, it should be possible in future work to use such an inductor model for sub-system level optimization (for example 2nd or 4th order _lter) and still guarantee convergence towards a global optimum.

	Parasitic couplings of 3-phase EMI filter design for 1kW 3-phase boost converter By Wai Keung MO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Parasitic coupling can play a significant role in the overall performance of overall multiple EMI filters. The filter attenuation can be degraded with inductive and capacitive couplings. This paper is to examine the parasitic coupling effects among the filter components and the physical orientations of the individual EMI chokes

	Pareto-optimal selection of saturating inductors in the design of Switch-Mode Power Supplies By Matteo LODI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Ferrite-core inductors are largely used in switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs) and can be fruitfullyexploited also when working in partial saturation. The choice of a specific component depends on many factors, often requiring a trade-off between conflicting needs. In this paper a nonlinear inductance model for a whole family of ferrite-core inductors is proposed. An inductor family includes components with the same magnetic core and a different number of windings, which determines the nominal inductance. The proposed model, which includes magnetic saturation and dependence on the average inductor power loss, is exploited to evaluate the impact of the nominal inductance on the current ripple and power loss, in the SMPS design. A Pareto frontier is identified, which allows selecting optimal values of the nominal inductance, by trading off power loss and current ripple.

	Review of dimensional resonance effect for high frequency magnetic components By Siqi LIN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Mn-Zn cores are widely used in high-frequency, high-power power electronics applications. In order to manage with kilowatt and even higher power ratings, large cores are required. In this issue the magnetic cores themself are affected by inherent physical parameters, and thus their performances are limited and additional losses are generated. This phenomenon can be summarized as the dimensional effect. It includes eddy current effect and resonance effect. The eddy current effect has been widely discussed, but the resonance effect is often neglected. But both effects causes considerable losses in certain sizes and at certain frequencies. Therefore in this paper, a review of the existing researches about dimensional resonance effects is presented.

	Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis in Magnetic Characterization using High Frequency GaN Inverter in the MHz Order By Wilmar MARTINEZ	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper introduces the THD analysis when comparing iron loss characterization procedures using clamp type current probes and high precision shunt resistances at high carrier frequency excitation with a GANFET inverter. As a result of this procedure, the measurements using shunt resistances shown an easier way to compensate the error injected by the sensor.

	Validation of Inductor Analytical Loss Models under Saturation Conditions for PWM Inverter By Adrien VOLDOIRE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Designing inductors in Power Electronics PWM inverter requires accounting for losses generated inthese components, including saturation. This paper investigates the design of the AC output inductorsof a PWM inverter. The induction waveform of the output inductor is first computed, taking into account a variable saturation state of the core. This enables to compute the core losses using iGSE in a particular analytical formulation. Furthermore a high frequency copper losses model applied to Litz wire is presented and validated using impedance measurement. A calorimetric method is used to measure and determine the area of validity of these core and copper losses models. With a calibration step, the global measurement error is below 0.2W. Over dozens of experiments carried out in different conditions, results show the importance of the choice of Steinmetz coefficients if the signal has multiple frequencies. The effect of the saturation on the waveform and on the losses is also depicted.