EPE Association: EPE 1993 - 58 - Dialogue Session DS4.7: DRIVES: APPLICATIONS AND TRACTION

EPE 1993 - 58 - Dialogue Session DS4.7: DRIVES: APPLICATIONS AND TRACTION
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   EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON A HIGH POWER INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING A FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL BASED ON A KALMAN FILTER IMPLEMENTED ON A FLOATING POINT RISC PROC...
By F. Ben Ammar; M. Pietrzak-David; B. de Fornel; H. Godfroid [View]
[Download]

Abstract: For the purpose of field-oriented control, a Kalman filter structure is used to obtain the unmeasurable rotor flux of an induction motor [1], thereby eliminating virtually all influence of discretisation and structural noise. The speed and position control has been implemented on a floating point 32 bits, RISC architecture 80960SB INTEL microprocessor. The calculation of the space-vector modulation laws is performed proceeding directly from the instantaneous input voltage by using a 80C196KC INTEL microcontroler. Design criteria and control implementation are described. Experimental results are given with a pulse switching frequency of 600 Hz, intended to high power induction motor drives.

   Principle and Characteristics of a New Type AC Servo Motor "VARIFIELD"
By Jun Oyama; Tsuyoshi Higuchi; Takashi Abe; Eiji Yamada; Kenzi Shibahara [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We proposed a novel brushless synchronous motor "half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor". Amplitude modulated 3-phase currents in the stator winding produces the mmf that rotates at synchronous speed and pulsates at modulation frequency. An emf is induced by this mmf in the rotor winding. The field excitation is produced by the field current obtained by rectifying the emf with a diode inserted into the field winding. Kyowa Kiden Co. Ltd. started production of a new type AC-servo motor series named "VARIFIELD", which is based upon this machine theory. This motor has simple and robust brushless structure and is maintenance free. lt provides us with the torque control operation over a wide speed range, from zero to the rated speed. In this paper, we describe the principle and present overall test results, such as steady-state characteristics and step response.

   SIGMA - A UNIVERSAL PLATFORM FOR DRIVE CONTROL
By A. W. Parkes [View]
[Download]

Abstract: ln this paper the author describes a recently developed digital drive control equipment, CEGELEC SIGMA, referred to simply as SIGMA from now on. The equipment consists of a core microprocessor board plus optional interface and enhancement boards. The core microprocessor board incorporates one of the latest 32 bit embedded micro-controllers as well as significant use of run time programmable logic. This makes it suitable for use on a wide variety of drive types in particular those requiring larger amounts of computational power. Some insight is given into the back ground of the project, why it was done in the first place and the reasons behind some of the novel features. Examples are given to illustrate the flexibility of the controller. A DC drive is described as well as a Vector controlled PWM AC drive.

   THE CONTROL OF MACHINE CURRENT HARMONICS IN LOAD COMMUTATED INVERTER INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
By A. D. Crane [View]
[Download]

Abstract: It is necessary to regulate the harmonic content of current in induction motors when fed by load commutated inverters in order to minimise the effects of electrical resonance, motor heating and torque pulsations. The use of speed avoidance bands, resonant frequency shifting and filtering/damping may provide an appropriate solution to harmonic problems but it is becoming more common to rely on purely electronic means of harmonic compensation. The use of pulse width modulation harmonic elimination techniques in drive convertors is well known but it is difficult to achieve theoretically ideal waveforms when using current source topologies. This work describes some of the means of controlling motor harmonics, with specific reference to the compromises imposed by practical power circuit and machine limitations. Performance-related effects, as measured on working drives and using the results of simulations, are presented.

   RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY OF AC ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES IN REGARDS TO VOLTAGE DIPS ON THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
By A. David; E. Lajoie-Mazenc; C. Sol [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Recent developments in power electronics technology have led to a significant market penetration of Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs), which are economical, reliable and highly flexible in their use. However, ASDs are particularly sensitive to voltage dips from the distribution network. These events may result in the total disconnection of the specific ASD load, thereby causing loss of revenue for the particular user, who will lose production capacity and may also incur significant restart costs depending on the particular industrial process in which the ASD is used. This paper presents a ride-through control strategy of AC ASDs in regards to voltage dips and one-phase supply interruptions. This mitigation strategy bas been validated on a test facility, results and performance are presented and discussed in this paper.

   HIGH EFFICIENT WHEELCHAIR DRIVE WITH PM SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
By J. Jelonkiewicz; S. Linnman [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A project of a converter fed synchronous motor in a wheelchair drive is presented in this paper. The project is the continuation of previous work on synchronous wheelchair drives, based on 24 volts supplying voltage. This time, to avoid the constrains connected with low voltage, the authors propose a new configuration for the converter with a boost chopper and an inverter working on higher voltage. Special care was taken in designing the boost chopper, as this part of the circuit has the greatest influence on the overall efficiency of the drive. For generating inverter control signals a new algorithm was proposed. The features of the new algorithm and the limitations of the 8-bit system implementation were then discussed. The control strategy chosen for the drive assures near maximum operational efficiency of the motor. Finally the overall efficiency of the drive was analysed and compared to DC drive performance.

   MICROCONTROLLER-BASED INVERTERS INCLUDING A DECENTRALIZED PROCESS CONTROL
By B. Orlik; J. Langfermann; J. Kästing [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Due to the increasing automation of industrial plants more and more inverter-fed electrical drives are demanded which are able to fullfil decentralized tasks of plant-specific process control in addition to their drive-specific functions. This makes these inverters part of a distributed process control. In order to achieve an economical and suitable industrial solution a microcontroller-based process control module has been designed which is implemented into the inverter and used for processing application specific process control functions. This module is linked to the microcomputer of the drive control as an intelligent peripheral circuit. This system is especially suitable for fast real time applications. A winder control and a position control have been developed as typical applications for this process control module. The winder control allows open loop tension control with acceleration and friction compensation as well as closed-loop tension or dancer position contol. The position control has a highly dynamic perfomance due to a fast position control loop with short cycle times.

   REALIZATION OF ANTI-SLIP/SLIDE CONTROL IN RAILWAY MOTOR VEHICLES BY SLIP VELOCITY FEEDBACK TORQUE CONTROL
By T. Watanabe; M. Ogasa [View]
[Download]

Abstract: When railway motor vehicles slip or slide, high readhesion characteristics is very important to get good traction and acceleration. Before, we proposed "Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control" which is one of the additional anti-slip/slide controls, applicable to torque-controllable vehicles without self-readhesion characteristics. In this paper, we examine the following effects on slip/slide velocity characteristics, under the consideration of power plant dynamics, various control methods:
1.Effects of the difference between control methods
2.Effects of the difference between motor excitation methods
3.Effects of various elements on slip/slide velocity detection under Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control
We find that current feedack acceleration method produces a great divergence in slip/slide velocity, and when Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control is added, slip/slide wheels can readhere under any acceleration methods with an appropriate choice of parameters. Improvement of rapid and precise velocity detection is important to realize Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control.

   A STOCHASTIC CONTROLLER FOR ANTI-SKIDDING MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
By P. Marino; S. Meo; M. Scarano [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with the analysis of an original anti-skid controller suitable for electrical traction drive when the qualification of automatical steering imposes strict rules about the time running, target braking and vehicle stability and handling. The presented controller includes anti-skid braking and anti-spin acceleration functions. After an analytical discussion about mathematical modelling and identification of wheel-road conditions by means of an original stochastic modellisation, a stochastic input controller schema is proposed. The main feature of such a controller is the overcoming of a deterministic point of view of standard anti slip systems. Furthermore the strategy control is oriented to a maximisation of traction effort in no-adherence conditions too.

EPE 1993 - 58 - Dialogue Session DS4.7: DRIVES: APPLICATIONS AND TRACTION
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1993 - Conference > EPE 1993 - 58 - Dialogue Session DS4.7: DRIVES: APPLICATIONS AND TRACTION
	[return to parent folder]

	EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON A HIGH POWER INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING A FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL BASED ON A KALMAN FILTER IMPLEMENTED ON A FLOATING POINT RISC PROC... By F. Ben Ammar; M. Pietrzak-David; B. de Fornel; H. Godfroid	[View] [Download]
Abstract: For the purpose of field-oriented control, a Kalman filter structure is used to obtain the unmeasurable rotor flux of an induction motor [1], thereby eliminating virtually all influence of discretisation and structural noise. The speed and position control has been implemented on a floating point 32 bits, RISC architecture 80960SB INTEL microprocessor. The calculation of the space-vector modulation laws is performed proceeding directly from the instantaneous input voltage by using a 80C196KC INTEL microcontroler. Design criteria and control implementation are described. Experimental results are given with a pulse switching frequency of 600 Hz, intended to high power induction motor drives.

	Principle and Characteristics of a New Type AC Servo Motor "VARIFIELD" By Jun Oyama; Tsuyoshi Higuchi; Takashi Abe; Eiji Yamada; Kenzi Shibahara	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We proposed a novel brushless synchronous motor "half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor". Amplitude modulated 3-phase currents in the stator winding produces the mmf that rotates at synchronous speed and pulsates at modulation frequency. An emf is induced by this mmf in the rotor winding. The field excitation is produced by the field current obtained by rectifying the emf with a diode inserted into the field winding. Kyowa Kiden Co. Ltd. started production of a new type AC-servo motor series named "VARIFIELD", which is based upon this machine theory. This motor has simple and robust brushless structure and is maintenance free. lt provides us with the torque control operation over a wide speed range, from zero to the rated speed. In this paper, we describe the principle and present overall test results, such as steady-state characteristics and step response.

	SIGMA - A UNIVERSAL PLATFORM FOR DRIVE CONTROL By A. W. Parkes	[View] [Download]
Abstract: ln this paper the author describes a recently developed digital drive control equipment, CEGELEC SIGMA, referred to simply as SIGMA from now on. The equipment consists of a core microprocessor board plus optional interface and enhancement boards. The core microprocessor board incorporates one of the latest 32 bit embedded micro-controllers as well as significant use of run time programmable logic. This makes it suitable for use on a wide variety of drive types in particular those requiring larger amounts of computational power. Some insight is given into the back ground of the project, why it was done in the first place and the reasons behind some of the novel features. Examples are given to illustrate the flexibility of the controller. A DC drive is described as well as a Vector controlled PWM AC drive.

	THE CONTROL OF MACHINE CURRENT HARMONICS IN LOAD COMMUTATED INVERTER INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES By A. D. Crane	[View] [Download]
Abstract: It is necessary to regulate the harmonic content of current in induction motors when fed by load commutated inverters in order to minimise the effects of electrical resonance, motor heating and torque pulsations. The use of speed avoidance bands, resonant frequency shifting and filtering/damping may provide an appropriate solution to harmonic problems but it is becoming more common to rely on purely electronic means of harmonic compensation. The use of pulse width modulation harmonic elimination techniques in drive convertors is well known but it is difficult to achieve theoretically ideal waveforms when using current source topologies. This work describes some of the means of controlling motor harmonics, with specific reference to the compromises imposed by practical power circuit and machine limitations. Performance-related effects, as measured on working drives and using the results of simulations, are presented.

	RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY OF AC ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES IN REGARDS TO VOLTAGE DIPS ON THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK By A. David; E. Lajoie-Mazenc; C. Sol	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Recent developments in power electronics technology have led to a significant market penetration of Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs), which are economical, reliable and highly flexible in their use. However, ASDs are particularly sensitive to voltage dips from the distribution network. These events may result in the total disconnection of the specific ASD load, thereby causing loss of revenue for the particular user, who will lose production capacity and may also incur significant restart costs depending on the particular industrial process in which the ASD is used. This paper presents a ride-through control strategy of AC ASDs in regards to voltage dips and one-phase supply interruptions. This mitigation strategy bas been validated on a test facility, results and performance are presented and discussed in this paper.

	HIGH EFFICIENT WHEELCHAIR DRIVE WITH PM SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR By J. Jelonkiewicz; S. Linnman	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A project of a converter fed synchronous motor in a wheelchair drive is presented in this paper. The project is the continuation of previous work on synchronous wheelchair drives, based on 24 volts supplying voltage. This time, to avoid the constrains connected with low voltage, the authors propose a new configuration for the converter with a boost chopper and an inverter working on higher voltage. Special care was taken in designing the boost chopper, as this part of the circuit has the greatest influence on the overall efficiency of the drive. For generating inverter control signals a new algorithm was proposed. The features of the new algorithm and the limitations of the 8-bit system implementation were then discussed. The control strategy chosen for the drive assures near maximum operational efficiency of the motor. Finally the overall efficiency of the drive was analysed and compared to DC drive performance.

	MICROCONTROLLER-BASED INVERTERS INCLUDING A DECENTRALIZED PROCESS CONTROL By B. Orlik; J. Langfermann; J. Kästing	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Due to the increasing automation of industrial plants more and more inverter-fed electrical drives are demanded which are able to fullfil decentralized tasks of plant-specific process control in addition to their drive-specific functions. This makes these inverters part of a distributed process control. In order to achieve an economical and suitable industrial solution a microcontroller-based process control module has been designed which is implemented into the inverter and used for processing application specific process control functions. This module is linked to the microcomputer of the drive control as an intelligent peripheral circuit. This system is especially suitable for fast real time applications. A winder control and a position control have been developed as typical applications for this process control module. The winder control allows open loop tension control with acceleration and friction compensation as well as closed-loop tension or dancer position contol. The position control has a highly dynamic perfomance due to a fast position control loop with short cycle times.

	REALIZATION OF ANTI-SLIP/SLIDE CONTROL IN RAILWAY MOTOR VEHICLES BY SLIP VELOCITY FEEDBACK TORQUE CONTROL By T. Watanabe; M. Ogasa	[View] [Download]
Abstract: When railway motor vehicles slip or slide, high readhesion characteristics is very important to get good traction and acceleration. Before, we proposed "Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control" which is one of the additional anti-slip/slide controls, applicable to torque-controllable vehicles without self-readhesion characteristics. In this paper, we examine the following effects on slip/slide velocity characteristics, under the consideration of power plant dynamics, various control methods: 1.Effects of the difference between control methods 2.Effects of the difference between motor excitation methods 3.Effects of various elements on slip/slide velocity detection under Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control We find that current feedack acceleration method produces a great divergence in slip/slide velocity, and when Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control is added, slip/slide wheels can readhere under any acceleration methods with an appropriate choice of parameters. Improvement of rapid and precise velocity detection is important to realize Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control.

	A STOCHASTIC CONTROLLER FOR ANTI-SKIDDING MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM By P. Marino; S. Meo; M. Scarano	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with the analysis of an original anti-skid controller suitable for electrical traction drive when the qualification of automatical steering imposes strict rules about the time running, target braking and vehicle stability and handling. The presented controller includes anti-skid braking and anti-spin acceleration functions. After an analytical discussion about mathematical modelling and identification of wheel-road conditions by means of an original stochastic modellisation, a stochastic input controller schema is proposed. The main feature of such a controller is the overcoming of a deterministic point of view of standard anti slip systems. Furthermore the strategy control is oriented to a maximisation of traction effort in no-adherence conditions too.