EPE Association: EPE 1995 - 35 - Dialogue Session DS3c: Traction Drives

EPE 1995 - 35 - Dialogue Session DS3c: Traction Drives
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   MODELLING AND VERIFICATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERACTION IN A TRACTION DRIVE
By M. W. Winterling; W. Deleroi; E. Tuinman; O. H. Bosgra; H. Huisman; P. J. v. Overloop [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Modelling of traction drives can be a powerful tool for design and analysis as it reduces efforts of testing. A flexible model of a traction drive including electrical drive with asynchronous motor and mechanical drive is presented. The number of degrees of freedom of the mechanical drive can be chosen. The mechanical system is modelled as a multibody system. Two examples are described simulating the acceleration of a rail vehicle. Measurements on track have been performed and show that modelling can be a helpful tool to test traction drives in the design phase.

   WATER-COOLED CONVERTER SERIES, FOR MAIN LINE TRACTION
By Roland Manser; Juergen Schmid; Walter Spoerri [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new generation of high power GTO-converters with intermediate DC voltage link for use in main line locomotives as well as in mass transit applications is presented in this paper. Substantial reductions in cost, volume and weight result from the use of deionised water as a coolant. An aluminium DC link busbar serves as mechanical support, electrical connection, water distributor and heatsink.

   SIMULATION AND HIERARCHICAL CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A SPECIAL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN
By T. Mayer; D. Schroeder [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper the design of a control system for a parallel hybrid drivetrain is presented. Because of the particular configuration of the drivetrain the system is a highly nonlinear multiple-input multiple-output system (MIMO-System). Nonlinear control techniques offer the possibility of optimizing the system behaviour. In this paper, as a first approach, the system is linearized by using Input-Output-Linearization, and for the linearized system a classic controller design method is proposed. In future more progressive control strategies will be applied.

   COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC DRIVES FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE
By V. Zoelch; D. Schroeder [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a comparison between different types of electric drives for a hybrid vehicle is presented. It has been investigated how to choose the voltage of the drive for maximum efficiency. Assuming fixed battery weight and nominal power of the electric machine, the battery voltage can be varied. The effects of designing the electric driveline for different battery voltages on the appearing energy losses have been examined by simulation. In this paper the simulation models of the induction motor, MOSFET and IGBT-inverter and NiCad-battery are presented. The results of a comparison of two alternative electric drive systems are shown.

   COMPARING TWO LEVEL GTO-INVERTER FEEDING A DOUBLE STAR ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A THREE LEVEL GTO-INVERTER FEEDING A SINGLE STAR ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
By A. Monti; A. P. Morando; L. Resta; M. Riva [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents a comparison between two different structures for traction drive application. The work starts with a definition of possible general approaches for the different parts of the system in order to have powerful tools for analysis. Thanks to this preliminary work some basic results in the comparison useful for designing aims are described. An original approach for the definition of the indices of the comparison is also presented.

   DUAL VOLTAGE LOCOMOTIVE TYPE CLASS 92 FOR FREIGHT AND NIGHT PASSENGER SERVICES THROUGH THE CHANNEL TUNNEL AND IN BRITAIN
By C. Zimmermann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A fleet of 46 dual-voltage Locomotives for AC and DC lines is currently being built. The locomotive concept and in particular the traction equipment is described in this paper. The mechanical design is detennined on one hand by the reduced BR gauge, compared with the VIC gauge, and on the other hand by fire safety requirements within the Channel Tunnel. The electrical design is dictated by the two basically different supply systems: 25 kV / 50 Hz and 750V DC, drawn from a third rail. Especially the fact that a high power locomotive had to be fed from a mass transit low voltage supply system, resulting in high line currents, required several special features to be built in power and control electronics. Further very restrictive interference requirements for various different signalling systems had to be met.

   A NEW DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH CONSTANT SWITCHING FREQUENCY OPERATION
By Ch. Lochot; X. Roboam; P. Maussion [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Among all control strategies dealing with ttansport applications, Direct Torque Control seems to be particularly well-adapted. In this paper a new DTC strategy is proposed for AC machines with constant switching frequency operation. The results show improvements on the torque chattering as well as switching losses. In accordance with electrical vehicule requirements, a comparison is carried out with the classical DTC strategy and with the flux-oriented control.

   SIMULATION OF HARMONICS GENERATED BY INVERTER LOCOMOTIVE FED FROM 3kV DC SYSTEM
By P. Janiszewski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the paper a simulation model of 3kV traction locomotive with AC drive controlled by Direct Self Control (DSC) method is presented. The locomotive is modelled using Saber software. The aim of simulation is to show harmonics occurring in power system of the locomotive (torque, phase current and voltage, inverter input current, chopper input current) and in the end harmonics generated by the whole drive. Possible pulsations of line current may exceed requirements of compatibility with the supply and signalling system. Some spectra obtained from stiff voltage fed inverter are also shown.

   DIRECT SELF-CONTROL OF VSI-FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES WITH REDUCED LINE CURRENT HARMONICS AND ACTIVE DAMPING OF SUBHARMONICS
By A. M. Walczyna [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Direct Self-Control (DSC) has become to be widely used in traction. For such drives low frequency pulsation of line current is a major problem because of the requirement of compatibility with the supply and signalling system. In case of DC traction inverter drives are often fed directly from a contact line. It is shown in the paper that the inverter high power drive fed directly from a DC contact line through a typical LC filter and controlled by the standard DSC method generates line current harmonics of values that exceed all acceptable European limits. A new PWM, called "flux trajectory forming modulation", is proposed for DSC. It allows to eliminate all dominating low frequency line current harmonics in the entire drive speed band. In this way substantial reduction of the level of line current harmonics in comparison to standard DSC can be obtained without adding any active filter. The technique allows either to meet the severe limits for line current harmonics of some railway authorities or to substantially reduce the weight of an input filter of DSC controlled drives. A disadvantage of DSC method is that it generates current subharmonics at the inverter output and input side. It is shown that amplitude of drive input current subharmonics can be greater than amplitudes of other harmonics. In the paper sources of sub harmonics generated by the method are investigated. A new technique for active damping of these subharmonics is given and compared to the known solution of Janecke (16). The proposed techniques are illustrated by results of simulation of a high power drive.

   PRACTICAL METHOD OF READHESION CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES WITH THREE PHASE DRIVE
By Tomoki Watanabe; Shintarou Oue; Masamichi Ogasa [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We propose such a design that control circuit does not promote slip/slide phenomena when a slip/slide occurs and that torque is 'slightly reduced based on accurate slip velocity detection. The former can be achieved by using lowest velocity of all axles as a reference frequency value of inverters feeding a synchronous traction motors. The latter we realized using accurate velocity detection. We performed running tests with an inverter controlled emu and we got good results.

   PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF HARMONIC IMPEDANCE IN DC TRACTION SYSTEMS
By M. Fracchia; L. Pierrat; P. Pozzobon [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In electric rail traction systems EMI in power and signalling devices have to be investigated carefully. Assessment of hannonic impedances, which are functions of theÂ· frequency dependence of the track and traction line parameters and of system topology, is the first step. The authors propose a method to calculate the harmonic impedance seen from the pantograph by a probabilistic formulation, analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. Resonance frequencies statistical variation is obtained in view to design filters according to the analysis.

EPE 1995 - 35 - Dialogue Session DS3c: Traction Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1995 - Conference > EPE 1995 - 35 - Dialogue Session DS3c: Traction Drives
	[return to parent folder]

	MODELLING AND VERIFICATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERACTION IN A TRACTION DRIVE By M. W. Winterling; W. Deleroi; E. Tuinman; O. H. Bosgra; H. Huisman; P. J. v. Overloop	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Modelling of traction drives can be a powerful tool for design and analysis as it reduces efforts of testing. A flexible model of a traction drive including electrical drive with asynchronous motor and mechanical drive is presented. The number of degrees of freedom of the mechanical drive can be chosen. The mechanical system is modelled as a multibody system. Two examples are described simulating the acceleration of a rail vehicle. Measurements on track have been performed and show that modelling can be a helpful tool to test traction drives in the design phase.

	WATER-COOLED CONVERTER SERIES, FOR MAIN LINE TRACTION By Roland Manser; Juergen Schmid; Walter Spoerri	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new generation of high power GTO-converters with intermediate DC voltage link for use in main line locomotives as well as in mass transit applications is presented in this paper. Substantial reductions in cost, volume and weight result from the use of deionised water as a coolant. An aluminium DC link busbar serves as mechanical support, electrical connection, water distributor and heatsink.

	SIMULATION AND HIERARCHICAL CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A SPECIAL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN By T. Mayer; D. Schroeder	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper the design of a control system for a parallel hybrid drivetrain is presented. Because of the particular configuration of the drivetrain the system is a highly nonlinear multiple-input multiple-output system (MIMO-System). Nonlinear control techniques offer the possibility of optimizing the system behaviour. In this paper, as a first approach, the system is linearized by using Input-Output-Linearization, and for the linearized system a classic controller design method is proposed. In future more progressive control strategies will be applied.

	COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC DRIVES FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE By V. Zoelch; D. Schroeder	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a comparison between different types of electric drives for a hybrid vehicle is presented. It has been investigated how to choose the voltage of the drive for maximum efficiency. Assuming fixed battery weight and nominal power of the electric machine, the battery voltage can be varied. The effects of designing the electric driveline for different battery voltages on the appearing energy losses have been examined by simulation. In this paper the simulation models of the induction motor, MOSFET and IGBT-inverter and NiCad-battery are presented. The results of a comparison of two alternative electric drive systems are shown.

	COMPARING TWO LEVEL GTO-INVERTER FEEDING A DOUBLE STAR ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A THREE LEVEL GTO-INVERTER FEEDING A SINGLE STAR ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR By A. Monti; A. P. Morando; L. Resta; M. Riva	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a comparison between two different structures for traction drive application. The work starts with a definition of possible general approaches for the different parts of the system in order to have powerful tools for analysis. Thanks to this preliminary work some basic results in the comparison useful for designing aims are described. An original approach for the definition of the indices of the comparison is also presented.

	DUAL VOLTAGE LOCOMOTIVE TYPE CLASS 92 FOR FREIGHT AND NIGHT PASSENGER SERVICES THROUGH THE CHANNEL TUNNEL AND IN BRITAIN By C. Zimmermann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A fleet of 46 dual-voltage Locomotives for AC and DC lines is currently being built. The locomotive concept and in particular the traction equipment is described in this paper. The mechanical design is detennined on one hand by the reduced BR gauge, compared with the VIC gauge, and on the other hand by fire safety requirements within the Channel Tunnel. The electrical design is dictated by the two basically different supply systems: 25 kV / 50 Hz and 750V DC, drawn from a third rail. Especially the fact that a high power locomotive had to be fed from a mass transit low voltage supply system, resulting in high line currents, required several special features to be built in power and control electronics. Further very restrictive interference requirements for various different signalling systems had to be met.

	A NEW DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH CONSTANT SWITCHING FREQUENCY OPERATION By Ch. Lochot; X. Roboam; P. Maussion	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Among all control strategies dealing with ttansport applications, Direct Torque Control seems to be particularly well-adapted. In this paper a new DTC strategy is proposed for AC machines with constant switching frequency operation. The results show improvements on the torque chattering as well as switching losses. In accordance with electrical vehicule requirements, a comparison is carried out with the classical DTC strategy and with the flux-oriented control.

	SIMULATION OF HARMONICS GENERATED BY INVERTER LOCOMOTIVE FED FROM 3kV DC SYSTEM By P. Janiszewski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the paper a simulation model of 3kV traction locomotive with AC drive controlled by Direct Self Control (DSC) method is presented. The locomotive is modelled using Saber software. The aim of simulation is to show harmonics occurring in power system of the locomotive (torque, phase current and voltage, inverter input current, chopper input current) and in the end harmonics generated by the whole drive. Possible pulsations of line current may exceed requirements of compatibility with the supply and signalling system. Some spectra obtained from stiff voltage fed inverter are also shown.

	DIRECT SELF-CONTROL OF VSI-FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES WITH REDUCED LINE CURRENT HARMONICS AND ACTIVE DAMPING OF SUBHARMONICS By A. M. Walczyna	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Direct Self-Control (DSC) has become to be widely used in traction. For such drives low frequency pulsation of line current is a major problem because of the requirement of compatibility with the supply and signalling system. In case of DC traction inverter drives are often fed directly from a contact line. It is shown in the paper that the inverter high power drive fed directly from a DC contact line through a typical LC filter and controlled by the standard DSC method generates line current harmonics of values that exceed all acceptable European limits. A new PWM, called "flux trajectory forming modulation", is proposed for DSC. It allows to eliminate all dominating low frequency line current harmonics in the entire drive speed band. In this way substantial reduction of the level of line current harmonics in comparison to standard DSC can be obtained without adding any active filter. The technique allows either to meet the severe limits for line current harmonics of some railway authorities or to substantially reduce the weight of an input filter of DSC controlled drives. A disadvantage of DSC method is that it generates current subharmonics at the inverter output and input side. It is shown that amplitude of drive input current subharmonics can be greater than amplitudes of other harmonics. In the paper sources of sub harmonics generated by the method are investigated. A new technique for active damping of these subharmonics is given and compared to the known solution of Janecke (16). The proposed techniques are illustrated by results of simulation of a high power drive.

	PRACTICAL METHOD OF READHESION CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES WITH THREE PHASE DRIVE By Tomoki Watanabe; Shintarou Oue; Masamichi Ogasa	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We propose such a design that control circuit does not promote slip/slide phenomena when a slip/slide occurs and that torque is 'slightly reduced based on accurate slip velocity detection. The former can be achieved by using lowest velocity of all axles as a reference frequency value of inverters feeding a synchronous traction motors. The latter we realized using accurate velocity detection. We performed running tests with an inverter controlled emu and we got good results.

	PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF HARMONIC IMPEDANCE IN DC TRACTION SYSTEMS By M. Fracchia; L. Pierrat; P. Pozzobon	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In electric rail traction systems EMI in power and signalling devices have to be investigated carefully. Assessment of hannonic impedances, which are functions of theÂ· frequency dependence of the track and traction line parameters and of system topology, is the first step. The authors propose a method to calculate the harmonic impedance seen from the pantograph by a probabilistic formulation, analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. Resonance frequencies statistical variation is obtained in view to design filters according to the analysis.