EPE Association: EPE 2011 - DS2i: Topic 17: Power Supplies I

EPE 2011 - DS2i: Topic 17: Power Supplies I
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 17: Power supplies > EPE 2011 - DS2i: Topic 17: Power Supplies I

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   A high frequency high voltage power supply
By Saijun MAO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Novel compact high frequency high voltage (HV) power supply is introduced for small volume, lightweight, ultra fast high voltage output application. The two key factors high frequency HV transformer and voltage multiplier diodes are evaluated in this paper. The HV resonant tank size is only 1L for 400kHz~500kHz 35kV 2kW output, the rise time for output HV is around 100us by lab prototype experiment results.

   A Hold-up Time Extending Method for Asymmetrical Half-bridge Converter
By Jintae KIM, Li SHANMEI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: For asymmetric half-bridge converters, one of drawbacks is pretty narrow input voltage range, whose reasons are a leakage inductance for ZVS, its switches configuration and a blocking capacitor for clamping power switches with the input voltage. Therefore a hold-up time is more quite restricted for others. In this paper, it will be analyzed for a voltage conversion ratio of the converter. And a way to extend hold-up time for the converter will be shown. Finally, an asymmetrical half-bridge converter will be tested with 24V / 8A of output specification to verify the way.

   A surface response methodology approach to study the influence of specifications in the multiobjective optimal design of power converters
By Christophe VERSELE, Olivier DEBLECKER, Jacques LOBRY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Nowadays, the use of mathematical optimization techniques to design power converters becomes more and more attractive. This paper tries to go a step further in studying the influence of some specifications in the multiobjective optimal design of isolated dc-dc converters. To do so, a response surface methodology (RSM) approach is used in combination with a multiobjective optimal design tool dedicated to such power converters and using genetic algorithms. So, the response surfaces are computed based on optimized power converters. At each time, two factors are studied whereas two response variables are of interest, viz. the power loss and the weight of the converter. The pairs of factors are, as for them, the input voltage and the output power, and, the current and voltage ripples (across the inductor and capacitor of the output filter). Finally, it should be pointed out that the full-bridge topology is considered in this paper but the proposed methodology is easily applicable to other topologies. Moreover, it can also be extended to study other factors and other response variables.

   Behavioral Analysis of a single-switch step up converter
By Emmanuel TATAKIS, Margarita KALOGEROPOULOU, Georgios CHRISTIDIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a detailed analysis of the behavior of a DC-DC boost-flyback converter which is a single-switch step up converter with a high voltage gain. The behavioral investigation of this converter is carried out supposing it consists of two converters, a boost and a flyback connected in series. The interesting characteristic of this boost-flyback converter is its modes of operation (continuous, discontinuous and mixed), which are depicted analytically. There are two different ways of operation: one in which the boost converter goes over first from the continuous conduction mode (CCM) to the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and another one in which the flyback goes over first from CCM to DCM. Each way of operation depends on the duty cycle δ and the ratio kL of both boost’s and flyback’s magnetic components’ inductances. In this paper, all four different modes of operation are investigated and the output voltage characteristic curves are described as well. Finally, simulation and experimental results are compared to those from theory for different values of the duty cycle δ and the load to validate the theoretical analysis.

   Design and Implementation of the Distributed Control for Parallel AC/DC Converters
By Uthen KAMNARN, Yutthana KANTHAPHAYAO, Viboon CHUNKAG, Surasak YOUSAWAT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The distributed control strategy of a parallel connected single-phase AC to DC converter is presented. For flexibility of the system operation each converter module has its individual microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to control the output voltage and the data communication among the other controller via RS485 serial bus. By using the information is obtained from the data communication this uses for the current sharing of each converter module. In the current loop control, the hysteresis control circuit is applied in this paper. The PI controller is compensated in error of the output voltage. The modeling of the system is based on the power balance technique to achieve a transfer function of the system to design a gain value of the PI controller. The performance evaluation of the proposed system is based on the simulation and experimental results. A 750 W load with a -48V output voltage laboratory prototype is implemented and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed system.

   Design Considerations for the Fast Charge of Supercapacitors in the Frame of Low Voltage Applications
By Simon DELALAY, Philippe BARRADE, Alfred RUFER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Even if supercapacitors present a reduced energy density, they enable to store a significant amount of energy, which leads to a significant autonomy for applications with reduced energy needs. The main advantage of supercapacitors is there to compensate a limited autonomy by frequent and fast charge processes. This contribution presents some considerations on the fast charge of supercapacitors, in the general frame of a low voltage application. The losses have been estimated using loss models of all elements of the conversion chain. Some results of an experimental validation are proposed.

   Design study of low ripple and large current dc power supply for fusion plant’s superconducting magnet
By Hirotaka CHIKARAISHI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The helical type fusion plasma test facility or fusion plant uses a large scale superconducting magnet system to make steady state magnetic field to confinement fusion plasma. To excite this magnet, a high output current and low voltage power supply is necessary. Also, this power supply is required a low ripple to avoid noise induced into the quench detector. As a large current power supply, a thyristor rectifier is widely used but its output voltage includes a large voltage ripple. Especially, it becomes maximum when the output voltage is zero and it is required in steady state operation of superconducting dc magnet. In this paper, a dc power supply which uses a PWM converter connected in parallel as a ripple compensator is designed for a fusion plant The required output current for the converter is calculated and is shown that it becomes relative smaller than the main rectifier, and the capacity of the converter is also relative small. A simulation is performed and it shows that this configuration suppress the current ripple of the rectifier.

   Disturbance Compensation Method for Single Phase Utility Interactive Inverter with FPGA based Hardware Controller
By Tomoki YOKOYAMA, Takahiro SAIGUSA, Yuichi HANASHIMA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new deadbeat control with disturbance compensation method for FPGA based hardware controller for utility interactive inverter system is proposed to enhance the robustness for utility grid variations with small LC filter components. Variation of line impedance of the utility grid is defined as a disturbance, the disturbance compensator compensate it with the real time digital feedback control. Through simulations and experiments, the superiority of the proposed method is verified compared with conventional digital control methods.

   Fault Detection Algorithm for an UPS Operation of Power Station
By Dooyong JUNG, Younghyok JI, Jungu KIM, Dongkyun RYU, Chung Yuen WON [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The use for the storage system of battery energy continues to increase by using smart grid for effective use and management of electricity. The existing energy storage system has a function of energy transfer that used off-peak electricity by lead storage battery during the daytime. In case of usinglithium polymer battery which has high energy density and large discharging current instead of lead storage battery, additional functions can be realized such as the peak load compensation or UPS because it has large electricity to be dealt during short time in comparison of same capacity. This study proposes the UPS mode detection algorithm for next generation power station. In case of blackout of system, next generation power system can recognize it and change the mode to UPS dealing with loading electricity. Blackout and other accidents were simulated, and UPS mode of next generation power station was experimented.

   Harmonics reduction in high-efficiency operation of double-conversion UPS
By Lorenzo GIUNTINI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: UPS are used to protect critical loads, and double-conversion is often the preferred choice. While providing optimum protection, this topology offers limited efficiency. Some double-conversion UPS feature a high-efficiency (ECO) mode, with the load normally fed via the bypass path. In this operating mode, load current harmonics may be let through towards the utility, and may induce a high load on the neutral conductor. In this context, this paper discusses Advanced ECO Mode topologies that reduce neutral current and mitigate harmonics resulting from non-linear or unbalanced load.

   MASH Delta-Sigma DPWM based Sliding-Mode Controller dedicating to High Frequency SMPS
By Bo LI, Shuibao GUO, Xuefang LIN-SHI, Bruno ALLARD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The high resolution digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) becomes a crucial part in digital controller for power converters that requires a fast system clock, especially applied to a high switching frequency SMPS. This paper proposes two solutions, the dithering Multi-stAge-noise-Shaping (MASH) and the 2-2 MASH delta-sigma DPWM, so as to alleviate the inherent idle tone effects. An improved sliding mode controller (SMC) is also introduced here exhibiting better performance than the traditional PID compensator. Mixed-signal simulation are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. Experimental results verify the SMPS close-loop operation on 3 V input with 5 V output, 1 A DC-DC boost converter at 1 MHz switching frequency, using a Virtex-II FPGA platform. A digital controller integrated chip (IC) including both DPWM and SMC is introduced as a verification prototype that potentially achieves switching frequency beyond 10MHz.

   Mix-Voltage Power Conversion for Single-Inductor Dual-Output (SIDO) Boost Converters and SIDO Bipolar Converters
By Chun-Shih HUANG, Dan CHEN, Tsung-Han WU, Yung-Jen CHEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A comprehensive analysis was conducted to develop DC characteristic equations for single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converters and SIDO bipolar converters. From the analysis results, it was discovered, contrary to conventional thinking, that the SIDO boost converters can step-down one of the output voltages. And the SIDO bipolar can also step down the positive output voltage previously deemed not possible. These findings extend the application ranges of both converter types, e.g., both types can possibly be used in the applications where a single lithium-ion battery is deemed not possible previously. Experimental results validated the findings and the analytical results.

   Multiobjective optimal choice and design of isolated dc-dc power converters
By Christophe VERSELE, Olivier DEBLECKER, Jacques LOBRY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a computer-aided design (CAD) tool for the design of isolated dc-dc converters. This tool, developed in Matlab environment, is based on multiobjective optimization (MO) using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to perform search and optimization whereas analytical models are used to model the power converters. The design problem requires minimizing the weight, losses and cost of the converter while ensuring the satisfaction of a number of constraints. The optimization variables are, as for them, the operating frequency, the current density, the maximum flux density, the transformer dimensions, the wire diameter, the core material, the conductor material, the converter topology (among Flyback, Forward, Push-Pull, half-bridge (HB) and full-bridge (FB) converters), the number of semiconductor devices associated in parallel, the number of cells (each of them corresponding to a topology) associated in serial or parallel as well as the kinds of input and output connections (serial or parallel) of these cells and the semiconductor devices (among diodes, IGBTs and MOSFETs). Finally, a design example is presented and the results show that such tool to design dc-dc power converters presents several advantages. In particular, it proposes to the designer a set of solutions – instead of a single one – so that he can choose a posteriori which solution best fits the application under consideration. Moreover, interesting solutions not considered a priori can be found with this tool.

   Stability analysis of multi-parallel APF systems
By Pengpai DANG, Jürgen PETZOLDT , Thomas ELLINGER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In some practical situations multi APFs are located far from each other, paralleled through the long cables. In this system the stability of one APF is influenced by the other APF paralleled with it. In this paper stability of the multi-parallel APF system is analyzed. Moreover, the improvement methods for stability of the system are given.

   Universal DC-DC converter using SEPIC
By Nan LI, Xuefang LIN-SHI, Pierre LEFRANC, Ali JAAFAR, Emmanuel GODOY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the application of fixed frequency (or indirect) Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to the DC-DC Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) which can operate in both step-up and step-down modes. Simulation and experimental studies are conducted. Two laboratory prototypes have been made: one with a switching frequency of 20kHz uses a DSP board which allows to validate the proposed control laws; another has a switching frequency of 500kHz where a FPGA is required. In thislast case, only the output voltage is measured. A Kalman observer is proposed to estimate the state vector. Results are experimentally validated.

EPE 2011 - DS2i: Topic 17: Power Supplies I
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 17: Power supplies > EPE 2011 - DS2i: Topic 17: Power Supplies I
	[return to parent folder]

	A high frequency high voltage power supply By Saijun MAO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Novel compact high frequency high voltage (HV) power supply is introduced for small volume, lightweight, ultra fast high voltage output application. The two key factors high frequency HV transformer and voltage multiplier diodes are evaluated in this paper. The HV resonant tank size is only 1L for 400kHz~500kHz 35kV 2kW output, the rise time for output HV is around 100us by lab prototype experiment results.

	A Hold-up Time Extending Method for Asymmetrical Half-bridge Converter By Jintae KIM, Li SHANMEI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: For asymmetric half-bridge converters, one of drawbacks is pretty narrow input voltage range, whose reasons are a leakage inductance for ZVS, its switches configuration and a blocking capacitor for clamping power switches with the input voltage. Therefore a hold-up time is more quite restricted for others. In this paper, it will be analyzed for a voltage conversion ratio of the converter. And a way to extend hold-up time for the converter will be shown. Finally, an asymmetrical half-bridge converter will be tested with 24V / 8A of output specification to verify the way.

	A surface response methodology approach to study the influence of specifications in the multiobjective optimal design of power converters By Christophe VERSELE, Olivier DEBLECKER, Jacques LOBRY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Nowadays, the use of mathematical optimization techniques to design power converters becomes more and more attractive. This paper tries to go a step further in studying the influence of some specifications in the multiobjective optimal design of isolated dc-dc converters. To do so, a response surface methodology (RSM) approach is used in combination with a multiobjective optimal design tool dedicated to such power converters and using genetic algorithms. So, the response surfaces are computed based on optimized power converters. At each time, two factors are studied whereas two response variables are of interest, viz. the power loss and the weight of the converter. The pairs of factors are, as for them, the input voltage and the output power, and, the current and voltage ripples (across the inductor and capacitor of the output filter). Finally, it should be pointed out that the full-bridge topology is considered in this paper but the proposed methodology is easily applicable to other topologies. Moreover, it can also be extended to study other factors and other response variables.

	Behavioral Analysis of a single-switch step up converter By Emmanuel TATAKIS, Margarita KALOGEROPOULOU, Georgios CHRISTIDIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed analysis of the behavior of a DC-DC boost-flyback converter which is a single-switch step up converter with a high voltage gain. The behavioral investigation of this converter is carried out supposing it consists of two converters, a boost and a flyback connected in series. The interesting characteristic of this boost-flyback converter is its modes of operation (continuous, discontinuous and mixed), which are depicted analytically. There are two different ways of operation: one in which the boost converter goes over first from the continuous conduction mode (CCM) to the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and another one in which the flyback goes over first from CCM to DCM. Each way of operation depends on the duty cycle δ and the ratio kL of both boost’s and flyback’s magnetic components’ inductances. In this paper, all four different modes of operation are investigated and the output voltage characteristic curves are described as well. Finally, simulation and experimental results are compared to those from theory for different values of the duty cycle δ and the load to validate the theoretical analysis.

	Design and Implementation of the Distributed Control for Parallel AC/DC Converters By Uthen KAMNARN, Yutthana KANTHAPHAYAO, Viboon CHUNKAG, Surasak YOUSAWAT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The distributed control strategy of a parallel connected single-phase AC to DC converter is presented. For flexibility of the system operation each converter module has its individual microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to control the output voltage and the data communication among the other controller via RS485 serial bus. By using the information is obtained from the data communication this uses for the current sharing of each converter module. In the current loop control, the hysteresis control circuit is applied in this paper. The PI controller is compensated in error of the output voltage. The modeling of the system is based on the power balance technique to achieve a transfer function of the system to design a gain value of the PI controller. The performance evaluation of the proposed system is based on the simulation and experimental results. A 750 W load with a -48V output voltage laboratory prototype is implemented and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed system.

	Design Considerations for the Fast Charge of Supercapacitors in the Frame of Low Voltage Applications By Simon DELALAY, Philippe BARRADE, Alfred RUFER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Even if supercapacitors present a reduced energy density, they enable to store a significant amount of energy, which leads to a significant autonomy for applications with reduced energy needs. The main advantage of supercapacitors is there to compensate a limited autonomy by frequent and fast charge processes. This contribution presents some considerations on the fast charge of supercapacitors, in the general frame of a low voltage application. The losses have been estimated using loss models of all elements of the conversion chain. Some results of an experimental validation are proposed.

	Design study of low ripple and large current dc power supply for fusion plant’s superconducting magnet By Hirotaka CHIKARAISHI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The helical type fusion plasma test facility or fusion plant uses a large scale superconducting magnet system to make steady state magnetic field to confinement fusion plasma. To excite this magnet, a high output current and low voltage power supply is necessary. Also, this power supply is required a low ripple to avoid noise induced into the quench detector. As a large current power supply, a thyristor rectifier is widely used but its output voltage includes a large voltage ripple. Especially, it becomes maximum when the output voltage is zero and it is required in steady state operation of superconducting dc magnet. In this paper, a dc power supply which uses a PWM converter connected in parallel as a ripple compensator is designed for a fusion plant The required output current for the converter is calculated and is shown that it becomes relative smaller than the main rectifier, and the capacity of the converter is also relative small. A simulation is performed and it shows that this configuration suppress the current ripple of the rectifier.

	Disturbance Compensation Method for Single Phase Utility Interactive Inverter with FPGA based Hardware Controller By Tomoki YOKOYAMA, Takahiro SAIGUSA, Yuichi HANASHIMA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new deadbeat control with disturbance compensation method for FPGA based hardware controller for utility interactive inverter system is proposed to enhance the robustness for utility grid variations with small LC filter components. Variation of line impedance of the utility grid is defined as a disturbance, the disturbance compensator compensate it with the real time digital feedback control. Through simulations and experiments, the superiority of the proposed method is verified compared with conventional digital control methods.

	Fault Detection Algorithm for an UPS Operation of Power Station By Dooyong JUNG, Younghyok JI, Jungu KIM, Dongkyun RYU, Chung Yuen WON	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The use for the storage system of battery energy continues to increase by using smart grid for effective use and management of electricity. The existing energy storage system has a function of energy transfer that used off-peak electricity by lead storage battery during the daytime. In case of usinglithium polymer battery which has high energy density and large discharging current instead of lead storage battery, additional functions can be realized such as the peak load compensation or UPS because it has large electricity to be dealt during short time in comparison of same capacity. This study proposes the UPS mode detection algorithm for next generation power station. In case of blackout of system, next generation power system can recognize it and change the mode to UPS dealing with loading electricity. Blackout and other accidents were simulated, and UPS mode of next generation power station was experimented.

	Harmonics reduction in high-efficiency operation of double-conversion UPS By Lorenzo GIUNTINI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: UPS are used to protect critical loads, and double-conversion is often the preferred choice. While providing optimum protection, this topology offers limited efficiency. Some double-conversion UPS feature a high-efficiency (ECO) mode, with the load normally fed via the bypass path. In this operating mode, load current harmonics may be let through towards the utility, and may induce a high load on the neutral conductor. In this context, this paper discusses Advanced ECO Mode topologies that reduce neutral current and mitigate harmonics resulting from non-linear or unbalanced load.

	MASH Delta-Sigma DPWM based Sliding-Mode Controller dedicating to High Frequency SMPS By Bo LI, Shuibao GUO, Xuefang LIN-SHI, Bruno ALLARD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The high resolution digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) becomes a crucial part in digital controller for power converters that requires a fast system clock, especially applied to a high switching frequency SMPS. This paper proposes two solutions, the dithering Multi-stAge-noise-Shaping (MASH) and the 2-2 MASH delta-sigma DPWM, so as to alleviate the inherent idle tone effects. An improved sliding mode controller (SMC) is also introduced here exhibiting better performance than the traditional PID compensator. Mixed-signal simulation are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. Experimental results verify the SMPS close-loop operation on 3 V input with 5 V output, 1 A DC-DC boost converter at 1 MHz switching frequency, using a Virtex-II FPGA platform. A digital controller integrated chip (IC) including both DPWM and SMC is introduced as a verification prototype that potentially achieves switching frequency beyond 10MHz.

	Mix-Voltage Power Conversion for Single-Inductor Dual-Output (SIDO) Boost Converters and SIDO Bipolar Converters By Chun-Shih HUANG, Dan CHEN, Tsung-Han WU, Yung-Jen CHEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A comprehensive analysis was conducted to develop DC characteristic equations for single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converters and SIDO bipolar converters. From the analysis results, it was discovered, contrary to conventional thinking, that the SIDO boost converters can step-down one of the output voltages. And the SIDO bipolar can also step down the positive output voltage previously deemed not possible. These findings extend the application ranges of both converter types, e.g., both types can possibly be used in the applications where a single lithium-ion battery is deemed not possible previously. Experimental results validated the findings and the analytical results.

	Multiobjective optimal choice and design of isolated dc-dc power converters By Christophe VERSELE, Olivier DEBLECKER, Jacques LOBRY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a computer-aided design (CAD) tool for the design of isolated dc-dc converters. This tool, developed in Matlab environment, is based on multiobjective optimization (MO) using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to perform search and optimization whereas analytical models are used to model the power converters. The design problem requires minimizing the weight, losses and cost of the converter while ensuring the satisfaction of a number of constraints. The optimization variables are, as for them, the operating frequency, the current density, the maximum flux density, the transformer dimensions, the wire diameter, the core material, the conductor material, the converter topology (among Flyback, Forward, Push-Pull, half-bridge (HB) and full-bridge (FB) converters), the number of semiconductor devices associated in parallel, the number of cells (each of them corresponding to a topology) associated in serial or parallel as well as the kinds of input and output connections (serial or parallel) of these cells and the semiconductor devices (among diodes, IGBTs and MOSFETs). Finally, a design example is presented and the results show that such tool to design dc-dc power converters presents several advantages. In particular, it proposes to the designer a set of solutions – instead of a single one – so that he can choose a posteriori which solution best fits the application under consideration. Moreover, interesting solutions not considered a priori can be found with this tool.

	Stability analysis of multi-parallel APF systems By Pengpai DANG, Jürgen PETZOLDT , Thomas ELLINGER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In some practical situations multi APFs are located far from each other, paralleled through the long cables. In this system the stability of one APF is influenced by the other APF paralleled with it. In this paper stability of the multi-parallel APF system is analyzed. Moreover, the improvement methods for stability of the system are given.

	Universal DC-DC converter using SEPIC By Nan LI, Xuefang LIN-SHI, Pierre LEFRANC, Ali JAAFAR, Emmanuel GODOY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the application of fixed frequency (or indirect) Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to the DC-DC Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) which can operate in both step-up and step-down modes. Simulation and experimental studies are conducted. Two laboratory prototypes have been made: one with a switching frequency of 20kHz uses a DSP board which allows to validate the proposed control laws; another has a switching frequency of 500kHz where a FPGA is required. In thislast case, only the output voltage is measured. A Kalman observer is proposed to estimate the state vector. Results are experimentally validated.