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EPE Journal Volume 02-4 - Papers
- Advanced Drive Systems and Infrastructure for Electric or Hybrid Buses, Vans and Passenger Cars (III)
- Resonant Inverter Systems for Drive Applications
- The Steady State Thermal Behaviour of an IGBT Module
- Digital control improves variable speed drives
- The state of the art for solid state interruption
- Modelling Power Diodes for Power Electronic Circuits Simulation with SPICE2
EPE Journal Volume 02-4 - Editorial
By J. Uceda
The Editorial of the EPE Journal Volume 2 N°4, "Power Electronics, pending subject in R&D progammes", written by Prof. Javier Uceda, Member of the EPE Association's International Steering Committee.
EPE Journal Volume 02-4 - Papers
By G. Maggetto
In part I of this paper, attention has been firstly paid to general aspects of the introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles to reduce the air pollution. It has been shown that the emissions by electric vehicle are significantly lower than for petrol and diesel vehicles, except for sulphor dioxide, but the last one is due to reduce significantly in the future. A discussion of the daily mileage led to the conclusion that the present-day car fleet is conceived for trips (more than 100 km) that only represent less than 10% of the total number of trips or at the most 30% (i.e. all those trips longer than 10 km) of the total number of trips. It must be particularly stressed that electric and hybrid vehicle technology is clearly still in the infancy of its development. The basic structure of the electric vehicle is quite simple. A tentative description of the emission characteristics of city cars, passenger cars, vans, minibuses and buses has been performed together with upper level of useful characteristics. The characterisitcs of future type of batteries and of presently available batteries have been given to alow a comparison with the 500 W/kg power density of a widespread typical internal combustion engine. In this part II, after a short description of the hybrid solutions, we will devote some space to the presentation of the State of the Art of the electric components of EV's and HV's. This presentation has two main goals:
- to show that the today technology allows without doubt to "assemble" an electric or an hybrid vehicle;
- to try to indicate the long way still to be covered before the grade of optimization of the vehicles with eniternal combustion engine (ICE), after a century of development, can be reached.
The role of the infrastructure and of two important scientific associations (AVERE and CITELEC) will finally be explained in the third part as to their impact on the future development and introduction of EV's and HV's.
Part I of this paper can be found in EPE Journal Volume 1992-2, Part II in EPE Journal Volume 1992-3.
By M. Dehmlow; K. Heumann; R. Sommer
To reduce switching losses in switching power converters resonant and quasi-resonant circuit topologies are becoming more and more popular. This paper presents resonant inverter systems for drive applications. Resonant DC-Link Inverter and Resonant Pole Inverter are presented. Different discrete pulse modulation strategies are presented and a comparison between Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Discrete Pulse Modulation (DPM) is given. Measurements made in a three phase Active Clamped Resonant DC-Link Inverter are shown. A comparison of semiconductor device losses in a hard switched PWM voltage source inverter and in an Activez Clamped Resonant DC-Link Inverter is given.
By C. Schaeffer; J.-P. Ferrieux
This paper presents the simulation and experimental results of a study concerning the thermal characterization of a high power rated IGBT (600 V - 400 A). A special measuring set-up has been mounted enabling the investigation of its static and dynamic behaviour by means of a thermosensitive parameter. The use of an infra-red camera has allowed a cartography of the temperature distribution within the active parts during operation to be established.
Two dimensional numeric simulation of the hybrid structure of the power component (by means of the finite element software FLUX 2D) has completed the delicate experimental investigations. These results, concerning both static and dynamic behaviour, aim at defining the validity limits of the approach.
Furthermore, a sensitivity study has been carried out in order to determine the incidence of different parameters upon the thermal resistance of the power device.
By J. M. Bodson
Electrical drives are used in industry more and more thanks to their high quality. Numerous examples are found everywhere: in servomechanisms for robotics, speed control in metallurgy, torque control in railways, tension control for winders, etc... This paper underlines the improvements which have occured during the last years, mainly due to new technologies introduced in control electronics.
By X. Tian; G. Lentz
The use of solid state switches as interruption devices offers significant advantages in circuit brealer applications. Because of the specifications of Solid State Interruption (SSI), its structure, its component requirements and its technical constraints are rather different from those of general power electronics systems. As the major difficulty of SSI is thermal dissipation, the components are first chosen for their low voltage drop and parallel connection can often be an effective means. In this paper, the rules for the design of SSI and its particularities are discussed. Two DC-breakers have been designed using IGBTs and GTOs respectively to show the technological limits and technical constraints of SSI.
By E. Tatakis
Computer-aided simulation, especially using the SPICE2 package, has been recently introduced in the analysis and the design of power electronic circuits. However the modelling of power semiconductor devices with the inherent models in the SPICE2 program is inaccurate.
In this paper, a power diode model, compatible with the SPICE2 simulator, is investigated and an improved method to determine the related static and dynamic parameters is described. These parameters are extracted using only data sheet information.
The analysis is based upon the physical structure of a PIN diode. This paper shows how the voltage drop across the middle region, the high order effects which are arised at high current densities and the reverse recovery behaviour are taken into account in the proposed power diode model.
Simulation results are compared with measured points obtained from data sheets. The model is also tested by simulating the switching behaviour of a buck DC-to-DC converter and an excellent correlation is found between simulated and experimental wave-forms.
EPE Journal Volume 02-4: Other
By B. Sneyers
Standardization is clearly a major trend as regards all electronic equipment based on digital technology, including, of course, computerised control systems used for the automation of industrial continuous or batch processes, in other words: Process automation.