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EPE 2022 - DS1g: Converter Design and Optimisation
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2022 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2022 - Topic 03: Measurement and Control > EPE 2022 - DS1g: Converter Design and Optimisation
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	A Comparative Analysis of Power Converter Topologies for Integration of Modular Batteries in Electric Vehicles   By Alberto CARCAMO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis between four proposed DC-DC power converter topologies, for integration of removable batteries into an electric vehicle (EV) that also has a primaryenergy storage system (ESS). To perform this analysis, first the minimum requirements for the converter are defined, such as volume, power density, and specific density, as well as the systemoperating condition. The comparison between the proposed topologies is done by evaluating three main aspects: efficiency, volume, and current ripples. The procedure consists of performing a steady-state analysis of each topology to obtain the main operating values and waveforms, validating the results and the proposed control strategies through simulations, calculating the losses for each converter, and estimating their volume. Different components are evaluated in each topology to perform a power loss analysis, considering several options of Si MOSFETs, transformers, and inductors.
	A Field Programmable and Dynamic Configurable Power Electronic Converter Concept   By Bjarte HOFF	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes the concept of a field programmable and configurable power electronic converter together with a new synthesis method. By considering the converter as a pack of resources, the converter topology and configuration of inputs and outputs can be programmed in the field through, utilising the available device resources.
	A technical overview of single-stage three-port dc-dc-ac converters   By Sebastian NEIRA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Multiport dc-ac converters are becoming a pivotal technology to integrate renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and ac grids/loads. This article presents a classification and comparative analysis of the recently proposed single-stage three-port topologies. The study leads to the definition of three major groups, based on the operation principle to perform the dc-dc-ac power conversion. Each group is analysed in terms of the rated power, voltage boost characteristic and components count. Furthermore, a comparative study is performed to provide the best suited applications for each category.
	Accurate Modeling of IGBT-Based Converters in PLECS   By Anne VON HOEGEN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Control of modern electrical drive systems commonly requires a precise flux-linkage estimation. An accurate model of the commutation cell with non-ideal switches is a first step to improve the estimation of the flux. This paper analyzes und evaluates different modeling approaches for non-ideal IGBT-based converters and recommends their implementation with PLECS.In addition to modeling the dead time of the controller, compensation methods for further major contributors to volt-second errors of the switching cell are presented: turn-on and turn-off delay of the semiconductor devices, their on-stage voltage drops and the non-linear behavior during commutation time. Furthermore, this work presents how to parameterize the model using datasheet values of an IGBT-based power module.
	Analysis and Implementation of different non-isolated Partial-Power Processing Architectures based on the Cuk Converter   By Jesús Sergio ARTAL-SEVIL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the analysis and study of different partial-power processing architectures based on the Cuk converter. Thus, the non-isolated topologies analyzed have been considered operative as voltage source converter (VSC). Likewise, the study of the converters is based on the continuous conduction mode (CCM). The partial-power topology has some advantages, such as high power density, small size, the decreased voltage in semiconductor devices, etc., this is because the DC-DC converter only processes a fraction of the total power. The purpose has been to compare the different topologies, Full-Power, Partial-Power, and hybrid-converters, in order to observe the advantages and drawbacks in each case. Among the parameters to be studied is the voltage stress in semiconductors as well as the voltage gain in each architecture. The effectiveness of these new converter architectures has been validated by the Matlab/Simulink software simulation. In this way, different simulation results are presented and analyzed throughout the paper. The purpose of this paper has been to study and explore the usefulness of the non-isolated Cuk converter with partial-power processing architecture for industrial power applications.
	Artificial-Intelligence based DC-DC Converter Efficiency Modelling and Parameters Optimization   By Fanghao TIAN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a modeling and parameter design method for DC-DC converters based on artificial intelligence (AI). Initially, a database of switching losses is constructed using Spice simulation data with a single fixed semiconductor switch. Next, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained by the database. Then Transfer Learning (TL) is implemented to train other ANNs for other switches with much less training data needed. Finally, under the restrictions of current and voltage ripples, a heuristic optimization algorithm is used to obtain the most efficient and optimal design. The results show that the ANN models give precise estimates of the converter properties.
	Brain Emotional Learning-Based Weighting Factor Design for FS-MPC in Power Converters   By Mohammad Sadegh ORFI YEGANEH	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Finite set model predictive control (FS-MPC) has been identified as one of the most favorable controllers for power electronic applications due to its capability over real-time solutions to multiple objectives and constraints. However, the main challenge in the FS-MPC is the choice of appropriate weighting factors in the cost function to reach the best switching state of the inverter. This study proposes an approach based on brain emotional learning (BEL) to provide online tuning of weighting factors in FS-MPC of a power converter, which prevents the dependency of the converter control system on the various uncertainties coming from operating conditions and loading conditions. The proposed BEL approach is fully model-free, indicating that the weighting factors are adjusted without previous knowledge of the system model and parameters. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed control scheme's effectiveness under different load conditions.
	Comparison of High-Power 2-Level and 3-Level Converters in Terms of Power Density, Costs and Performance   By Ludwig SCHLEGEL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper compares high-power converters in terms of their power density, costs and performance.2-level and 3-level NPC phase modules with 1400A semiconductors are compared. For pulse frequencies higher than 6.75 kHz 3-level NPC converter is twice smaller and 48\% cheaper then 2-level converter, because for 2-level parallel operation of phase modules is necessary. In this case the 3-level NPC has with 0.58 kVA/dm³ a twice higher power density as the 2-level converter. The performance of 3-level NPC is much higher than of the 2-level, because of the twice higher possible pulse frequency of 16 kHz and therefore higher possible control frequency. Because of the higher pulse frequency and the lower voltage ripple the chokes can be quite smaller for the 3-level NPC and so the maximum current raise is a lot higher than in case of a 2-level converter.
	Current distortion study for hybrid multi-level grid inverter with active neutral-point-clamped 4-Leg topology   By Jonas STEFFEN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In multi-level inverters in particular, the switching blocking time (dead-time) can lead to undesired voltage errors, which have a significant influence on the current quality. When changing between levels, clamping must be applied to ensure the minimum switch-on and switch-off time of the power electronics. The trend towards higher switching frequencies and smaller grid filters increases the difficulty of feeding in a standard-compliant output current, especially in active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) inverters. In this paper, the effects of clamping and a compensation method are simulated for ANPC inverters and verified on a 3-level grid forming demonstrator.
	Design Comparison of Common Mode and Differential Mode Inductors for 3-Phase Interleaved Converters   By Jonathan ROBINSON	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper analyses the design of single-phase interleaved inductors to provide inductance fordifferential mode (DM) circulating currents and common mode (CM) grid currents. The main designequations and a design optimization method are given. Comparison with other filter methods forequivalent performance shows reduced size with equivalent losses. Additional benefits using mixed corematerials or due to phase shift in flux density are analyzed. Initial test results of a 120 kW converterdemonstrate operation of the concept with a custom assembly that integrates the power electronics andcoupled inductors in a combined heatsink.
	Design of Triple-Active Bridge Converter with Inherently Decoupled Power Flows   By Kim DONG-UK	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: For the realization of DC grid, the high-power multi-port isolated DC/DC converter is necessary to integrate various DC sources and loads. Triple-Active Bridge (TAB) converter is one of the most popular topologies which has three-port high frequency transformer and three active bridges. It can realize the bi-directional power flow among different sources and loads. However, the intrinsic power coupling in each port of three-port transformer leads to the unwanted voltage fluctuation of DC side. The power coupling among three ports can be minimized by a low leakage inductance at one port. However, it can decrease the power efficiency in some power flow conditions of TAB converter. This paper has analyzed the reason for the degradation of power efficiency in various power flow condition. To estimate the power loss components in TAB converter, the power loss breakdown method is used. With the two experimental configuration of TAB converter: the conventional leakage inductance and a low leakage inductance, the power loss is estimated. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the designing method of leakage inductance with a low leakage inductance at one port is appropriate for the TAB converter which has fixed power flow condition.
	Generalized Automated Tool for Analysis and Design of Multiphase Coupled Inductor Buck Converters   By Rana Asad ALI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the implementation and validation of a tool for analyzing multi-phase coupledinductor buck converters. In this type of converter, the equivalent inductance seen by each phase changes significantly within one switching cycle and the number of equivalent inductances increasessignificantly as the number of phases increase. The manual analysis of these converters is prone to errors and using available simulation tools does not result in a symbolic closed-form solution for the equivalent inductance versus the number of phases. The proposed tool not only considers the coupled inductor design with symmetric inductances and coupling coefficients but also the asymmetric design parameters. Moreover, the possibility of specifying the winding directions of the coupled inductor makes it more suitable for practical applications. The tool is benchmarked against simulation and experimental setup by designing three winding symmetric and asymmetric coupled inductors for three phase buck converters. The tool has an error ranging from 0.0288\% to 4.661\%.
	Grid Forming Control for HVDC Systems: Opportunities and Challenges   By Adil ABDALRAHMAN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to highlight the opportunities and challenges of Grid Forming Control (GFC) for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) applications. A special focus will be on contradictory GFC performance requirements from European Transmission System Operators (TSOs). The impacts of these requirements on AC grid, HVDC performance and hardware are discussed.
	Influence of DC supply voltage unbalances on the performance of ARCP Inverters   By Gholamreza TABRIZI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter (ARCPI) is an attractive soft switching topology due to its small Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), voltage and current stresses. This topology has previously been investigated for balanced DC input voltages, which not always occur in practical applications. This paper therefore presents an analysis of an ARCPI with unbalanced DC supply voltage to determine necessary conditions to also achieve soft switching for reduced losses in the load current switches under such conditions. First, the necessary timings of the switches are calculated and validated through simulation. Then, possibilities to optimize the behavior of this topology are discussed.
	Instability in active balancing control of dc bus voltages in VSC convertersinterconnected via multi-winding transformers   By Duro BASIC	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In high power applications, 3-phase ac/dc Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) are paralleled to increasethe overall aggregated converter power rating, number of voltage steps, effective switching frequencyand control bandwidth. For this, the interleaved Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and current limitingconverter paralleling inductors are utilized. Interphase Transformers (ITRs) or Multi-WindingTransformers (MWTs) are often adopted for the converter paralleling because they provide largeinductances for the currents flowing among the converters while introduce relatively lower leakageinductances for the currents flowing from the converters to the power grid. However, large asymmetries in the inductances created by magnetic coupling in these transformers make it difficult to independently control active power flows in the converters. Thus, if the converter dc buses are not interconnected,instabilities in the active balancing control of the converter dc bus voltages are possible in certain operational conditions. In this paper MWT model and effects of magnetic coupling introduced by it on controllability of the power flows among the converters are presented. Operational condition leading to instability of the active balancing control is theoretically defined and validated in simulations.
	Investigation of an Interleaved Current-Fed Single Active Bridge DC-DC Converter for PV Applications   By Lucas Vinícius DE ARAÚJO GOMES	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The increase in efficiency of photovoltaic inverters is the subject of many researches and in particular losses of semiconductors and magnetics have to be reduced. This topology follows the approach of a combined interleaved boost converter and a series resonant converter (SRC). In addition, it differs from the dual active bridge topology due to the non-synchronous rectification with less control effort.
	Medium Voltage Diode Rectifier Design for High Step-Up DC-DC Converter   By Pierre LE METAYER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: A medium voltage rectifier, relying on series connection of SiC Schottky diodes, is designed and testedwithin a unidirectional isolated DC-DC converter. The design is realized considering efficiency, staticand dynamic balancing and failure mode considerations. The model of the rectifier circuit is improvedcompared to the previous literature enabling to precisely represent the voltage oscillations due toswitching, facilitating the design of the snubbers. Experimental results are presented to validate thedesign. The developed model results show good fit with the measurements.
	Multilayer busbars for medium voltage ANPC converter dedicated to battery energy storage systems   By Luc BIMMEL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The increase of energy storage system power leads to open a technological pass which is to increase the voltage level of battery racks. Available 3.3 kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) semi-conductors implemented in an ANPC topology allows tuning a 3.6 kV DC bus.Thus, researches are shifting to medium voltage systems in which battery racks are connected in series with a middle point grounded. SiC modules implementation requires low inductive busbars to achieve high efficiency when rising in switching frequency necessary to shrink the output filter. In this paper, a methodology for reducing the parasitic inductor of the busbars (inf. 20 nH) is presented.
	Optimization and Scaling of a Compact High-Power IGCT Capacitor Charger Based on Simulation and Measurements with a 300kW/3.3kV Demonstrator   By Felix HAAG	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the efficiency and charging power optimization of a high pulsed-power inverting buck-boost converter used as a capacitor charger. The influence of converter parameters is investigated with a measurement-based semi-analytical model of the proposed topology. Additionally, the power scaling of such a pulsed power charging system is analyzed.
	Oscillation Damping in a 500kW Hybrid Si/SiC Three-Level ANPC Inverter with Decoupling Capacitor   By Pham Ha Trieu TO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a high-power hybrid Si/SiC 3L ANPC using only two SiC MOSFET. The highparasitic inductive commutation loop is decoupled by adding a decoupling capacitor near to the SiCMOSFET modules. Because of the decoupling capacitor, there are two main oscillation circuits areformed. These oscillations can lead to serious EMI issues and need to be damped. The dampingschemes for the switching oscillation were experimental investigated and a special switching strategywas also developed to actively cut off the decoupling oscillation
	Properties of a Lithium-Ion Battery as a Partner of Power Electronics   By Alexander BLÖMEKE	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are nowadays offered in a large number of different cell designs and material combinations. This results in a wide range of performance parameters. However, in almost all cases, batteries are used together with power electronic converters, and a central question is the interaction between the converters and the batteries. This could, for example, be the influence of ripple currents or the implementation of impedance diagnostics. But this also leads to the question of the necessity of filters of the power electronics on the battery side.
	Simple and Low-Computational Losses Modeling for Efficiency Enhancement of Differential Inverters with High Accuracy at Different Modulation Schemes   By Ahmed SHAWKY	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The modeling of losses at differential inverters is becoming crucial, especially for enhancing efficiency and reliability of their DC-DC modules. Losses modeling based on sinusoidal duty cycle, at line frequency F\_L , without considering differential inverters characteristics and switching frequency (F\_s) of their DC-DC modules is not accurate, needs high computational demand, and is not applicable for different PWM modulation schemes. In this paper, a simple and accurate losses modeling for differential inverters is proposed based on two-stage calculation process. In first stage, the losses is calculated based on the switching frequencies for DC-DC modules_ F_\_s. Then, in the second stage, the losses is averaged according to operating frequency of differential inverters_ F_\_L. The decoupling between both frequencies facilitates the easy insertion of differential inverters characteristics such as static linearization approach and low order even harmonics. Also, it easily obtains the RMS currents in terms of module parameters which reduce the required computational calculations. The proposed modeling is applicable for most modulation schemes such as SVMS, CMS and DMS, thanks to the decoupling property of proposed losses modeling. It is generic for single-phase, three-phase, and multi-phase differential inverters and thoroughly supported efficiency improvement even at modular differential inverters. The flow chart of the presented methodology is explained in detail and effectively applied for many DC-DC modules. For verification, a differential inverter based on SEPIC modules is introduced to validate the accuracy of the proposed losses modeling.
	Standardised switching cell building block for converter design optimisation with detailed electro-thermal model   By Georgios PAPADOPOULOS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The design of power electronic systems is typically performed based on optimisation procedures. In this paper, the switching cell of the converter is introduced as a new building block in the optimisation procedure of the converter systems. A standardised half-bridge arrangement is modelled and optimised in terms of efficiency, volume, parasitics, and thermal performance.