EPE Association: EPE 2019 - DS3j: Power Converters for Electric Vehicles

EPE 2019 - DS3j: Power Converters for Electric Vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2019 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2019 - Topic 08: Electric Vehicle Propulsion Systems and their Energy Storage > EPE 2019 - DS3j: Power Converters for Electric Vehicles

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   A simplified Single-Phase Integrated Onboard Battery Charger with Low EMI Emission to Grid
By JiaLou GAO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Integrated charger (IC) uses motor drive and motor windings to construct the charger hardware, which could decrease the cost and volume of the energy conversion system in electric vehicles (EV) or plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). However, the vibration torque of motor needs to be eliminated during charging. Furthermore, the additional devices for charger system should be minimized. In this paper, a simplified single-phase IC circuit topology is introduced. Meanwhile, a novel control and modulation scheme is proposed for the circuit. Compared to existed single-phase IC circuits, the introduced IC circuit does not need any additional hardware except a relay, the power level can be high enough benefiting from high power level of motor drive. And the motor is just a typical three-phase motor. The power flow can also be bidirectional, which is useful in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. Particularly, the common-mode electromagnetic interference (CM-EMI) to grid is eliminated a lot with the proposed modulation scheme, the switching losses are also reduced by half. Meanwhile, the vibration torque is controlled to zero instantly with the proposed control scheme. Experiment results verify the efficiency of the proposed IC system.

   An Integrated Battery Charger for EV applications based on an Open End Winding Multilevel Converter configuration
By Salvatore FOTI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new approach to realize an integrated battery charger is described in this paper, based on theAsymmetrical Hybrid Multilevel Converter topology. Such a particular open-end winding motorconfiguration has proved to be more efficient than conventional inverter topologies in EV motor driveapplications but it can be also turned in an on-board battery charger only by acting on the control system. Thus, no additional components, nor circuit reconfiguration through extra power switches are required. Moreover, the obtained battery charger can be supplied either by a standard AC single-phase grid, either by a DC power source for fast recharging.

   Comparison of GaN based CLLC converters for EV chargers operating at different switching frequency ranges
By Konstantin SIEBKE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper two 3.6 kW GaN based CLLC converters for EV chargers are compared. One CLLCconverter is designed with a high resonant frequency (HF) and the other with a lower (LF). With thehelp of the fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) the CLLC converters are designed. To coverthe wide voltage range of the battery, the voltage gain curves of the CLLC converters are considered tooperate above and below the resonant frequency. The converter is analyzed using the FHA, simulationsand in measurements. Both converters are built up and the gain curves and switching behavior areinvestigated. Especially the zero voltage switching is considered for both LF and HF CLLC converters.Finally a CLLC converter with zero voltage switching over the entire operating frequency range is found.However the limits of the FHA design method for CLLC converters are elaborated.

   Comprehensive Mode Analysis and Optimal Design Methodology of a Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter for E-Vehicles Applications
By Eduardo DE OLIVEIRA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: CLLC resonant converters are suitable for bidirectional power conversion applications, which demand small volume and high-power efficiency, such as on-board power supply systems for electric vehicles. Aside from its conventional topology, a modified CLLC resonant converter is here evaluated. A second low voltage bridge is added to the original circuit, so that the topology now works with two transformers, being connected in series on the high voltage side and in parallel on the low voltage side. Although the higher number of components, it is expected to achieve a design with higher efficiency, compactness and lower filter requirements. Due to the low accuracy of the first harmonic approximation when the proposed converter operates outside the series resonant frequency, this paper presents a detailed operation mode analysis for the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter in the time domain.

   Design and Implementation of FPGA-based Digital Controllers for SiC Multiport Converter in Electric Vehicle Drivetrains
By Duong TRAN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This article presents the practical design and performance comparison of Field Programmable Gate Array- based digital controllers for SiC-based Multiport Converters (MPCs) in electric vehicle drivetrains. Each input port of the MPC consists of a non-isolated three-phase Interleaved Bidirectional Converter. Two different controllers are designed and compared in this work: a type-II controller designed based on the `k- factor' approach and a conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. In particular, the controller design in boost mode is challenging due to the non-minimum phase issue and the presence of Right-Half-Plane Zero (RHPZ). Based on the digital redesign approach, the controllers transfer functions are first derived in s-domain and then transformed to z-domain for direct implementation in the FPGA board of dSPACE MicroLabBox with the graphical programming tool Xilinx System Generator plugged-in the Simulink environment. Finally, experimental results show the proper dynamic performances of both controllers.

   Efficiency Analysis of Two DC-DC Universal Converters for Electric Vehicles: Single-Phase Paralleled GaN and Two-Phase SiC-GaN-Based
By Milad MORADPOUR [View]
[Download]

Abstract: DC-DC universal converter is an integrated converter for battery charging and power management in boost/buck drive/plug-in operations of plug-in electric vehicles. SiC and GaN devices are attractive to be used in universal converter. To cope with low power rating of GaN, two solutions are presented in this paper: two-phase SiC-GAN-based and single-phase paralleled GaN. Then, an instantaneous power loss analysis method is introduced in order to investigate power loss contributors. Applying the instantaneous method on OrCAD Spice simulation samples shows the superiority of the paralleled GaN converter in the term of efficiency.

   High-Fidelity Liquid-cooling Thermal Modeling of a WBG-based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Electric Drivetrains
By Sajib CHAKRABORTY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The advent of Wide-Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, e.g., Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), power electronics E-drive converters are projected to obtain an increase in power density as ~2xfor SiC devices and ~4x for GaN devices, which demand detailed thermal modeling and analysis ofpower semiconductors and cooling systems. This paper has proposed high-fidelity (HiFi) modeling ofbidirectional DC-DC converter coupled with liquid cooling system providing detailed information withhigher accuracy and less complexity to determine performance during conceptual modeling in electricvehicle drivetrain with minimum testing and development effort.

   Inverter and Battery Drive Cycle Efficiency Comparisons of CHB and MMSP Traction Inverters for Electric Vehicles
By Anton KERSTEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This papers investigates the performance of several inverter types for electric vehicles. A standard two-level and two seven-level multilevel inverters, a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and a modular multilevel series parallel (MMSP) inverter, are considered. Based on the AC impedance spectra measured on a single battery cell, the battery pack impedances of the multilevel and two-level inverter systems are modeled. The inverter losses are modeled using the semiconductors' datasheets. Based on the loss models, the inverter and battery efficiency during different driving cycles are assessed. In comparison to the two-level inverter system, the multilevel inverter drivetrains show an increased drivetrain efficiency despite increased battery losses. The MMSP topology showed the best result. In comparison to the CHB topology, the battery losses were reduced by the MMSP inverter system.

EPE 2019 - DS3j: Power Converters for Electric Vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2019 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2019 - Topic 08: Electric Vehicle Propulsion Systems and their Energy Storage > EPE 2019 - DS3j: Power Converters for Electric Vehicles
	[return to parent folder]

	A simplified Single-Phase Integrated Onboard Battery Charger with Low EMI Emission to Grid By JiaLou GAO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Integrated charger (IC) uses motor drive and motor windings to construct the charger hardware, which could decrease the cost and volume of the energy conversion system in electric vehicles (EV) or plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). However, the vibration torque of motor needs to be eliminated during charging. Furthermore, the additional devices for charger system should be minimized. In this paper, a simplified single-phase IC circuit topology is introduced. Meanwhile, a novel control and modulation scheme is proposed for the circuit. Compared to existed single-phase IC circuits, the introduced IC circuit does not need any additional hardware except a relay, the power level can be high enough benefiting from high power level of motor drive. And the motor is just a typical three-phase motor. The power flow can also be bidirectional, which is useful in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. Particularly, the common-mode electromagnetic interference (CM-EMI) to grid is eliminated a lot with the proposed modulation scheme, the switching losses are also reduced by half. Meanwhile, the vibration torque is controlled to zero instantly with the proposed control scheme. Experiment results verify the efficiency of the proposed IC system.

	An Integrated Battery Charger for EV applications based on an Open End Winding Multilevel Converter configuration By Salvatore FOTI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new approach to realize an integrated battery charger is described in this paper, based on theAsymmetrical Hybrid Multilevel Converter topology. Such a particular open-end winding motorconfiguration has proved to be more efficient than conventional inverter topologies in EV motor driveapplications but it can be also turned in an on-board battery charger only by acting on the control system. Thus, no additional components, nor circuit reconfiguration through extra power switches are required. Moreover, the obtained battery charger can be supplied either by a standard AC single-phase grid, either by a DC power source for fast recharging.

	Comparison of GaN based CLLC converters for EV chargers operating at different switching frequency ranges By Konstantin SIEBKE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper two 3.6 kW GaN based CLLC converters for EV chargers are compared. One CLLCconverter is designed with a high resonant frequency (HF) and the other with a lower (LF). With thehelp of the fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) the CLLC converters are designed. To coverthe wide voltage range of the battery, the voltage gain curves of the CLLC converters are considered tooperate above and below the resonant frequency. The converter is analyzed using the FHA, simulationsand in measurements. Both converters are built up and the gain curves and switching behavior areinvestigated. Especially the zero voltage switching is considered for both LF and HF CLLC converters.Finally a CLLC converter with zero voltage switching over the entire operating frequency range is found.However the limits of the FHA design method for CLLC converters are elaborated.

	Comprehensive Mode Analysis and Optimal Design Methodology of a Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter for E-Vehicles Applications By Eduardo DE OLIVEIRA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: CLLC resonant converters are suitable for bidirectional power conversion applications, which demand small volume and high-power efficiency, such as on-board power supply systems for electric vehicles. Aside from its conventional topology, a modified CLLC resonant converter is here evaluated. A second low voltage bridge is added to the original circuit, so that the topology now works with two transformers, being connected in series on the high voltage side and in parallel on the low voltage side. Although the higher number of components, it is expected to achieve a design with higher efficiency, compactness and lower filter requirements. Due to the low accuracy of the first harmonic approximation when the proposed converter operates outside the series resonant frequency, this paper presents a detailed operation mode analysis for the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter in the time domain.

	Design and Implementation of FPGA-based Digital Controllers for SiC Multiport Converter in Electric Vehicle Drivetrains By Duong TRAN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This article presents the practical design and performance comparison of Field Programmable Gate Array- based digital controllers for SiC-based Multiport Converters (MPCs) in electric vehicle drivetrains. Each input port of the MPC consists of a non-isolated three-phase Interleaved Bidirectional Converter. Two different controllers are designed and compared in this work: a type-II controller designed based on the `k- factor' approach and a conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. In particular, the controller design in boost mode is challenging due to the non-minimum phase issue and the presence of Right-Half-Plane Zero (RHPZ). Based on the digital redesign approach, the controllers transfer functions are first derived in s-domain and then transformed to z-domain for direct implementation in the FPGA board of dSPACE MicroLabBox with the graphical programming tool Xilinx System Generator plugged-in the Simulink environment. Finally, experimental results show the proper dynamic performances of both controllers.

	Efficiency Analysis of Two DC-DC Universal Converters for Electric Vehicles: Single-Phase Paralleled GaN and Two-Phase SiC-GaN-Based By Milad MORADPOUR	[View] [Download]
Abstract: DC-DC universal converter is an integrated converter for battery charging and power management in boost/buck drive/plug-in operations of plug-in electric vehicles. SiC and GaN devices are attractive to be used in universal converter. To cope with low power rating of GaN, two solutions are presented in this paper: two-phase SiC-GAN-based and single-phase paralleled GaN. Then, an instantaneous power loss analysis method is introduced in order to investigate power loss contributors. Applying the instantaneous method on OrCAD Spice simulation samples shows the superiority of the paralleled GaN converter in the term of efficiency.

	High-Fidelity Liquid-cooling Thermal Modeling of a WBG-based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Electric Drivetrains By Sajib CHAKRABORTY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The advent of Wide-Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, e.g., Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), power electronics E-drive converters are projected to obtain an increase in power density as ~2xfor SiC devices and ~4x for GaN devices, which demand detailed thermal modeling and analysis ofpower semiconductors and cooling systems. This paper has proposed high-fidelity (HiFi) modeling ofbidirectional DC-DC converter coupled with liquid cooling system providing detailed information withhigher accuracy and less complexity to determine performance during conceptual modeling in electricvehicle drivetrain with minimum testing and development effort.

	Inverter and Battery Drive Cycle Efficiency Comparisons of CHB and MMSP Traction Inverters for Electric Vehicles By Anton KERSTEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This papers investigates the performance of several inverter types for electric vehicles. A standard two-level and two seven-level multilevel inverters, a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and a modular multilevel series parallel (MMSP) inverter, are considered. Based on the AC impedance spectra measured on a single battery cell, the battery pack impedances of the multilevel and two-level inverter systems are modeled. The inverter losses are modeled using the semiconductors' datasheets. Based on the loss models, the inverter and battery efficiency during different driving cycles are assessed. In comparison to the two-level inverter system, the multilevel inverter drivetrains show an increased drivetrain efficiency despite increased battery losses. The MMSP topology showed the best result. In comparison to the CHB topology, the battery losses were reduced by the MMSP inverter system.