EPE Association: EPE 1997 – 88: Dialogue Session DS7c: HYBRID VEHICLES, SIMULATION

EPE 1997 – 88: Dialogue Session DS7c: HYBRID VEHICLES, SIMULATION
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1997 - Conference > EPE 1997 – 88: Dialogue Session DS7c: HYBRID VEHICLES, SIMULATION

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   A 40 KW SWITCHED RELUCTANCE ENGINE STARTER/GENERATOR SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE
By Mats Alaküla; Lars Sjöberg; P. Johansson [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A 40 kW (@ 5000 rpm) switched reluctance (SR) engine starter generator for an electric hybrid vehicle will be presented. The generator is water cooled and of integral type (built in power electronic converter) with a very fast torque control system attached. A piston engine hybrid system is proposed with the generator and a 1000 cc v2 combustion engine.

   INTEGRATED ENERGY TRANSDUCER DRIVE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
By Thomas Backstrom; Chandur Sadarangani; Stefan Östlund [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the concept of a drive with an integrated energy transducer with both motor and generator functions for a hybrid electric vehicle. The integrated energy transducer is in principle an electric machine having two rotors. The inner rotor is equipped with a three phase winding and the outer rotor has permanent magnets mounted on its inner surface. Dynamic simulations of the drive are presented. Comparison is made between the presented drive and other hybrid drives such as the parallel and the series hybrid.

   COMPARISON OF ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS FOR AN AUTONOMOUS HYBRID VEHICLE
By B. Kraszer; H. W. Lorenzen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An autonomous hybrid vehicle is characterized by a conventional drive with combustion engine, an additional electric drive and an intelligent drive control. The electric drive has to combine high efficiency and low weight. In this paper, different possibilities for suitable transducers are presented. The machine types being investigated are asynchronous and permanent magnet excited synchronous machines. 1Th first attempt was to use conventional electromechanical transducers. Because of their low torque density, a gear was used to achieve the dcntanded power. The results won by calculation and measurements show that conventional machines cannot be used because of their high losses leading to overheating. Efforts to lower the losses and improve the cooling provided machines being proper solutions to the problem. Finally, it was tested whether it is possible to dispense with the gear. On the one hand tbe losses in the gear and its weight can be avoided this way; on the other hand, the transducers weight increases due to the lower spoed and the design has to comply with very unusual spatial conditions. The calculations and ftrst measurements revealed that, for some special machine types, considerable improvements are possible.

   COMBI-ROAD: AN UNMANNED HYBRID VEHICLE ON AN INTELLIGENT TRACK
By A. Duym; A.W. Benschop [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Combi-Road is a new concept for freight transport developed by a number of Dutch companies and scientific institutions. An experimental unmanned hybrid vehicle and the necessary infrastructure for this transport system are described. A 200 m test track is built, complete with 'third rail' supply, communication between vehicle and supervisory system, and obstacle detection.

   A Hybrid City Bus using an Electro-Mechanical Accumulator for Power Demand Smoothing
By E.J.F.M. Smits; H. Huisman; F.J.M. Thoolen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The instantaneous power demand of a typical city bus can differ by a factor of 3 to 5 from the average power, especially while braking or accelerating. Only the average power demand of the bus needs to be supplied if a power buffer can be used. Furthermore, the emission of noise, polluting gases and particles can be greatly reduced. Using a fast-spinning flywheel for such a buffer offers several advantages compared to e.g. a battery pack. The paper describes the architecture of the hybrid electrical drive and first results with the control system.

   DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A POWER CONTROLLER FOR A SERIES HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVE
By L. Pelkmans; P. Coenen; F. Vermeulen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The main difference of a hybrid vehicle compared to an electric vehicle is the presence of a primary energy source next to the battery. This primary energy source usually consists of an internal combustion engine and a generator. The energy use and the exhaust gas emissions of this engine are strongly influenced by the energy management of the hybrid drive train, and by the power controller of the primary energy source. The design of the power controller is based on a complete characterisation of the combustion engine and of the generator. Based on this characterisation a number of difficulties can be found for the design of a power controller. This paper gives an overview of the different steps that are taken and will be taken in the design of the power controller, performed within the framework of a Flemish project, called HYTRAC.

   DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVE TRAIN FOR A HYBRID DELIVERY VAN
By F. Vermeulen; R. Craps; J. De Temmerman; L. Gijsels; R. Belmans; A. Van den Bossche; G. Maggetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The Flemish project HYTRAC develops dedicated technology for hybrid drive trains and integrates the technology in a drive train. A suburban delivery van for European cities has been selected as target vehicle. The developed technology, components as well as a complete drive train, will be tested and evaluated on a purpose-built test bench for vehicle drive trains. The paper describes the importance, goals and use of project results related to the development of hybrid drive trains and their components. The second part describes the features of an operational dedicated test bench for hybrid drive trains and their components.

   AC MOTORS' MEASUREMENTS BASED STATIC MODELS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES SIMULATION PROGRAMS
By K.B. Beya; J. Van Mierlo; G. Maggetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents measurements based static model of ac-motors for use in electric and hybrid vehicles simulation programs. Depending on the operating region, the ac-motor is considered to be a system of 2 input variables: either the stator voltage V and the torque T at the motor's shaft, or the frequency f of the stator voltage and motor's torque; and is described by a piecewise static model using surface fitting methods, which takes into account measurements variances. With the proposed model, simulations out of the Vehicle Simulation Programme (VSP) give more realistic results for the evaluation of the electric vehicles performances.

   HOW TO COMPARE AND EVALUATE ELECTRIC AND THERMAL VEHICLES?
By J. Van Mierlo, G. Maggetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Vehicle Simulation Programme, VSP, is a modular interactive programme [1,2], allowing to compare different drive trains in electric, thermal and hybrid vehicles. This comparison can be made on the level of performances, energy consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper will describe some simulation results and compare the energy balance between thermal cars and electric vehicles.

EPE 1997 – 88: Dialogue Session DS7c: HYBRID VEHICLES, SIMULATION
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1997 - Conference > EPE 1997 – 88: Dialogue Session DS7c: HYBRID VEHICLES, SIMULATION
	[return to parent folder]

	A 40 KW SWITCHED RELUCTANCE ENGINE STARTER/GENERATOR SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE By Mats Alaküla; Lars Sjöberg; P. Johansson	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A 40 kW (@ 5000 rpm) switched reluctance (SR) engine starter generator for an electric hybrid vehicle will be presented. The generator is water cooled and of integral type (built in power electronic converter) with a very fast torque control system attached. A piston engine hybrid system is proposed with the generator and a 1000 cc v2 combustion engine.

	INTEGRATED ENERGY TRANSDUCER DRIVE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES By Thomas Backstrom; Chandur Sadarangani; Stefan Östlund	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the concept of a drive with an integrated energy transducer with both motor and generator functions for a hybrid electric vehicle. The integrated energy transducer is in principle an electric machine having two rotors. The inner rotor is equipped with a three phase winding and the outer rotor has permanent magnets mounted on its inner surface. Dynamic simulations of the drive are presented. Comparison is made between the presented drive and other hybrid drives such as the parallel and the series hybrid.

	COMPARISON OF ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS FOR AN AUTONOMOUS HYBRID VEHICLE By B. Kraszer; H. W. Lorenzen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An autonomous hybrid vehicle is characterized by a conventional drive with combustion engine, an additional electric drive and an intelligent drive control. The electric drive has to combine high efficiency and low weight. In this paper, different possibilities for suitable transducers are presented. The machine types being investigated are asynchronous and permanent magnet excited synchronous machines. 1Th first attempt was to use conventional electromechanical transducers. Because of their low torque density, a gear was used to achieve the dcntanded power. The results won by calculation and measurements show that conventional machines cannot be used because of their high losses leading to overheating. Efforts to lower the losses and improve the cooling provided machines being proper solutions to the problem. Finally, it was tested whether it is possible to dispense with the gear. On the one hand tbe losses in the gear and its weight can be avoided this way; on the other hand, the transducers weight increases due to the lower spoed and the design has to comply with very unusual spatial conditions. The calculations and ftrst measurements revealed that, for some special machine types, considerable improvements are possible.

	COMBI-ROAD: AN UNMANNED HYBRID VEHICLE ON AN INTELLIGENT TRACK By A. Duym; A.W. Benschop	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Combi-Road is a new concept for freight transport developed by a number of Dutch companies and scientific institutions. An experimental unmanned hybrid vehicle and the necessary infrastructure for this transport system are described. A 200 m test track is built, complete with 'third rail' supply, communication between vehicle and supervisory system, and obstacle detection.

	A Hybrid City Bus using an Electro-Mechanical Accumulator for Power Demand Smoothing By E.J.F.M. Smits; H. Huisman; F.J.M. Thoolen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The instantaneous power demand of a typical city bus can differ by a factor of 3 to 5 from the average power, especially while braking or accelerating. Only the average power demand of the bus needs to be supplied if a power buffer can be used. Furthermore, the emission of noise, polluting gases and particles can be greatly reduced. Using a fast-spinning flywheel for such a buffer offers several advantages compared to e.g. a battery pack. The paper describes the architecture of the hybrid electrical drive and first results with the control system.

	DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A POWER CONTROLLER FOR A SERIES HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVE By L. Pelkmans; P. Coenen; F. Vermeulen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The main difference of a hybrid vehicle compared to an electric vehicle is the presence of a primary energy source next to the battery. This primary energy source usually consists of an internal combustion engine and a generator. The energy use and the exhaust gas emissions of this engine are strongly influenced by the energy management of the hybrid drive train, and by the power controller of the primary energy source. The design of the power controller is based on a complete characterisation of the combustion engine and of the generator. Based on this characterisation a number of difficulties can be found for the design of a power controller. This paper gives an overview of the different steps that are taken and will be taken in the design of the power controller, performed within the framework of a Flemish project, called HYTRAC.

	DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVE TRAIN FOR A HYBRID DELIVERY VAN By F. Vermeulen; R. Craps; J. De Temmerman; L. Gijsels; R. Belmans; A. Van den Bossche; G. Maggetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The Flemish project HYTRAC develops dedicated technology for hybrid drive trains and integrates the technology in a drive train. A suburban delivery van for European cities has been selected as target vehicle. The developed technology, components as well as a complete drive train, will be tested and evaluated on a purpose-built test bench for vehicle drive trains. The paper describes the importance, goals and use of project results related to the development of hybrid drive trains and their components. The second part describes the features of an operational dedicated test bench for hybrid drive trains and their components.

	AC MOTORS' MEASUREMENTS BASED STATIC MODELS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES SIMULATION PROGRAMS By K.B. Beya; J. Van Mierlo; G. Maggetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents measurements based static model of ac-motors for use in electric and hybrid vehicles simulation programs. Depending on the operating region, the ac-motor is considered to be a system of 2 input variables: either the stator voltage V and the torque T at the motor's shaft, or the frequency f of the stator voltage and motor's torque; and is described by a piecewise static model using surface fitting methods, which takes into account measurements variances. With the proposed model, simulations out of the Vehicle Simulation Programme (VSP) give more realistic results for the evaluation of the electric vehicles performances.

	HOW TO COMPARE AND EVALUATE ELECTRIC AND THERMAL VEHICLES? By J. Van Mierlo, G. Maggetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Vehicle Simulation Programme, VSP, is a modular interactive programme [1,2], allowing to compare different drive trains in electric, thermal and hybrid vehicles. This comparison can be made on the level of performances, energy consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper will describe some simulation results and compare the energy balance between thermal cars and electric vehicles.