EPE Association: EPE 1997 – 86: Dialogue Session DS7a: DRIVES, CONTROL OF DRIVES

EPE 1997 – 86: Dialogue Session DS7a: DRIVES, CONTROL OF DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1997 - Conference > EPE 1997 – 86: Dialogue Session DS7a: DRIVES, CONTROL OF DRIVES

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   A MULTI-MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM FOR ECOMOBILS
By Klaus Hofer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Substituting the typical central-motor of an electric vehicle by a multi-motor drive system makes a lot of mechanical components superfluous. The presented linear allwheel drive system has the shortest possible energy track as each wheel is a part of one electric motor. Furthemore this direct drive system requires not longer mechanical brakes and steering wheels so that it is predestinated for the use in Low-Cost ecomobils. The design is based on the ecological formular: the environment friendly a vehicle should be the slower, the lighter and the spartaner it must be. In conjunction with an ultralight car body, low speed and less comfort the energy consumption of the shown ecomobile is equivalent to an one-litre-vehicle or in American terms to an 240 miles per gallone car.

   CONTROL OF A BRUSHLESS MOTOR INTEGRATED IN THE WHEEL FOR AN ELECTRICAL BIKE
By M. Karmous; C. Espanet; D. Vaucher; J.-M. Kauffmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The present paper describes the development of a control device, with the best possible characteristics, of a brushless three-phase motor with permanent magnets and selfmanagement of the consummated energy, in the aim of propelling a bike with electrical braking system recovering electrical energy in the battery. The choice of the motor (efficiency) and the design of the bike are outstanding. factors. for its commercial success, . as indeed its weight(battery, engine, frame) is inferior to 20 kg.

   VECTOR CONTROL OF DUAL ROTOR INDUCTION MOTORS
By J.-H. Song; I. Choy; K.-B. Kim [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Vector control characteristics of dual rotor induction machines driven by a single inverter are presented. This paper studies a simple control method which could be applied to the dual rotor induction machine, taking into consideration that the system applied to electric vehicles must operate along a cornering path as well as a straight path. The vector control method used in this paper shows generally good performance in cases where the speed command and the loads given to dual rotors are changed. Hence the method should be considered for application to dual rotor induction motors for electric vehicles. A proposed speed control scheme is simulated to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach.

   TEST AND MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC VEIDCLE DRIVES
By Bernhard Hauck [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The electric vehicle drives reach from small systems to large systems. For these systems some test procedures for thermal and mechanical tests can be defined. Also, the test with driving cycles should be possible. These tests of electric vehicle drives must be done on a testbench, which is able to fulfill all mechanical and electrical demands of the drives. Also, a high accuracy measurement system should be provided. The testbench built up at the Institute for Power Electronics and Electronics is presented. It fulfills all demands of the drives. Further, some typical results of measurements are shown.

   TORQUE CONTROL ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH SEPARATE WHEEL DRIVES
By B. Arnet; M. Jufer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A vehicle with separate wheel drives offers the possibility to individually control the power of each wheel for optimal traction. However, in order to guarantee the safety and stability of the vehicle, the distribution of the torque must obey certain rules. The goal of this paper is to analyze the correlation between the different motor torques and to outline the ideal structure of the motor drives. The explanations are based on a simple mechanical model and verified by measurements on a reduced· scale model.

   INDUCTION MOTOR NEURAL ESTIMATOR IN HIGH EFFICIENT WHEELCHAIR DRIVE
By J. Jelonkiewicz; S. Linnman [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper concerns the implementation of two efficiency optimal control strategies in induction motors applying fuzzy neural network estimator. While the first strategy maintains the flux in the induction motor at the required level, the second one takes care of the right proportion between the components of the stator current. Disc type induction motors with improved efficiency and having accomplished one of the above mentioned control strategy are to be utilised in the wheelchairs instead of currently used drives with DC motors.

   UTILIZATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS AS A AUXILIARY POWER SOURCE IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
By P. Mestre; S. Astier [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In electric vehicles, peaks power during acceleration or overtaking phases are hard constraints for batteries. The avaibility of a new type of electric capacitors, called ultracapacitors, as a power auxiliary source, both enables to improve some performances of electric vehicle and to reduce the constraints on the batteries. In this paper, the authors compare two network structures to use such ultracapacitors and show that a serial structure brings more advantages than a parallel one. Then, they discuss how to determine the required size of such a capacitor used as an auxiliary power device. Finally, thanks to simulation software system EASY SX(l), simulations results are presented in order to quantify the performance of a electric vehicle with a such auxiliary power source.

   MORE SOPHISTICATED BATTERY DRIVE WHEELS AND WHEELS MUTUAL MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELECTROVEHICLE APPLICATIONS
By Y. J. Bogachev; A. A. Eidinov; D. B. Izosimov; E. B. Kulakov; V. I. Sagalovsky [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Light passenger electric vehicles for city traffic are under consideration. Aluminium-air battery system possesses high specific energy - 180 Wh/kg, the battery is ecologically clear and trouble free. Molecular capacitor (ionistor) is used as battery, providing pick power consumption. Special induction motor is designed to be extremely light and of high efficiency · torque/mass ratio is about 5 Nm/kg. Convenient voltage source inverter with vector sliding mode (vector bang-bang) control provides high performance output voltage supply and vector control of the induction motor. Direct wheel drive (no gears, motor is mounted in a frarne) is utilised (2*4 or 4*4 scheme). Special conceived rim and new materials tubeless tyre utilisation together makes possible to decrease both of the wheel weight and motion resistance. Wheels mutual motion control system increases mobility and prevents loss of control, especially under wet and slippery road condition.

EPE 1997 – 86: Dialogue Session DS7a: DRIVES, CONTROL OF DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1997 - Conference > EPE 1997 – 86: Dialogue Session DS7a: DRIVES, CONTROL OF DRIVES
	[return to parent folder]

	A MULTI-MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM FOR ECOMOBILS By Klaus Hofer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Substituting the typical central-motor of an electric vehicle by a multi-motor drive system makes a lot of mechanical components superfluous. The presented linear allwheel drive system has the shortest possible energy track as each wheel is a part of one electric motor. Furthemore this direct drive system requires not longer mechanical brakes and steering wheels so that it is predestinated for the use in Low-Cost ecomobils. The design is based on the ecological formular: the environment friendly a vehicle should be the slower, the lighter and the spartaner it must be. In conjunction with an ultralight car body, low speed and less comfort the energy consumption of the shown ecomobile is equivalent to an one-litre-vehicle or in American terms to an 240 miles per gallone car.

	CONTROL OF A BRUSHLESS MOTOR INTEGRATED IN THE WHEEL FOR AN ELECTRICAL BIKE By M. Karmous; C. Espanet; D. Vaucher; J.-M. Kauffmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The present paper describes the development of a control device, with the best possible characteristics, of a brushless three-phase motor with permanent magnets and selfmanagement of the consummated energy, in the aim of propelling a bike with electrical braking system recovering electrical energy in the battery. The choice of the motor (efficiency) and the design of the bike are outstanding. factors. for its commercial success, . as indeed its weight(battery, engine, frame) is inferior to 20 kg.

	VECTOR CONTROL OF DUAL ROTOR INDUCTION MOTORS By J.-H. Song; I. Choy; K.-B. Kim	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Vector control characteristics of dual rotor induction machines driven by a single inverter are presented. This paper studies a simple control method which could be applied to the dual rotor induction machine, taking into consideration that the system applied to electric vehicles must operate along a cornering path as well as a straight path. The vector control method used in this paper shows generally good performance in cases where the speed command and the loads given to dual rotors are changed. Hence the method should be considered for application to dual rotor induction motors for electric vehicles. A proposed speed control scheme is simulated to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach.

	TEST AND MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC VEIDCLE DRIVES By Bernhard Hauck	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The electric vehicle drives reach from small systems to large systems. For these systems some test procedures for thermal and mechanical tests can be defined. Also, the test with driving cycles should be possible. These tests of electric vehicle drives must be done on a testbench, which is able to fulfill all mechanical and electrical demands of the drives. Also, a high accuracy measurement system should be provided. The testbench built up at the Institute for Power Electronics and Electronics is presented. It fulfills all demands of the drives. Further, some typical results of measurements are shown.

	TORQUE CONTROL ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH SEPARATE WHEEL DRIVES By B. Arnet; M. Jufer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A vehicle with separate wheel drives offers the possibility to individually control the power of each wheel for optimal traction. However, in order to guarantee the safety and stability of the vehicle, the distribution of the torque must obey certain rules. The goal of this paper is to analyze the correlation between the different motor torques and to outline the ideal structure of the motor drives. The explanations are based on a simple mechanical model and verified by measurements on a reduced· scale model.

	INDUCTION MOTOR NEURAL ESTIMATOR IN HIGH EFFICIENT WHEELCHAIR DRIVE By J. Jelonkiewicz; S. Linnman	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper concerns the implementation of two efficiency optimal control strategies in induction motors applying fuzzy neural network estimator. While the first strategy maintains the flux in the induction motor at the required level, the second one takes care of the right proportion between the components of the stator current. Disc type induction motors with improved efficiency and having accomplished one of the above mentioned control strategy are to be utilised in the wheelchairs instead of currently used drives with DC motors.

	UTILIZATION OF ULTRACAPACITORS AS A AUXILIARY POWER SOURCE IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE By P. Mestre; S. Astier	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In electric vehicles, peaks power during acceleration or overtaking phases are hard constraints for batteries. The avaibility of a new type of electric capacitors, called ultracapacitors, as a power auxiliary source, both enables to improve some performances of electric vehicle and to reduce the constraints on the batteries. In this paper, the authors compare two network structures to use such ultracapacitors and show that a serial structure brings more advantages than a parallel one. Then, they discuss how to determine the required size of such a capacitor used as an auxiliary power device. Finally, thanks to simulation software system EASY SX(l), simulations results are presented in order to quantify the performance of a electric vehicle with a such auxiliary power source.

	MORE SOPHISTICATED BATTERY DRIVE WHEELS AND WHEELS MUTUAL MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELECTROVEHICLE APPLICATIONS By Y. J. Bogachev; A. A. Eidinov; D. B. Izosimov; E. B. Kulakov; V. I. Sagalovsky	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Light passenger electric vehicles for city traffic are under consideration. Aluminium-air battery system possesses high specific energy - 180 Wh/kg, the battery is ecologically clear and trouble free. Molecular capacitor (ionistor) is used as battery, providing pick power consumption. Special induction motor is designed to be extremely light and of high efficiency · torque/mass ratio is about 5 Nm/kg. Convenient voltage source inverter with vector sliding mode (vector bang-bang) control provides high performance output voltage supply and vector control of the induction motor. Direct wheel drive (no gears, motor is mounted in a frarne) is utilised (24 or 44 scheme). Special conceived rim and new materials tubeless tyre utilisation together makes possible to decrease both of the wheel weight and motion resistance. Wheels mutual motion control system increases mobility and prevents loss of control, especially under wet and slippery road condition.