| EPE 2013 - DS2d: Measurements and Sensors |
| You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2013 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2013 - Topic 08: Measurements and sensors > EPE 2013 - DS2d: Measurements and Sensors |
 | [return to parent folder] | |
| |
 | Calorimetric loss measurement system for air and water cooled power converters
By Mladen SVERKO, Shashank KRISHNAMURTHY | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The paper presents the design principles, construction and test results for a double-cased calorimeter. The calorimeter is designed to measure power losses in the range from 100 W to 2.5 kW for air and water cooled power converters. The various challenges involved in measuring losses accurately are discussed. Improvements in the calorimeter design by decoupling the heat exchanger temperature and flow control are presented and implemented in the experimental setup. Calibration results for the designed calorimeter as well as loss measurement results for a high performance three phase inverter with hybrid Si-SiC module using the calorimeter are also presented.
|
| |
| | Comparison of fast permanent magnet flux estimation methods for railway traction application PMSMs
By Carlos CALLEJA, Amaia LOPEZ DE HEREDIA, Irma VILLAR, Ion ETXEBERRIA-OTADUI, Zi-Qiang ZHU | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Two fast online Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) flux estimation methods, reactive power feedback and extended Kalman filter based methods, are analyzed and compared from machine real torque optimization point of view. The analysis has been carried out, firstly, in simulation and afterwards, it has experimentally been validated on a 120kW SPMSM railway traction prototype.
|
| |
| | Construction of a Current Injection Unit for Marine Applications
By Saul LOPEZ, Yang CAO, Mark SUMNER, David THOMAS, Edward CHRISTOPHER | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper presents the design and operation of a portable Current Injection Unit (CIU) to be used in conjunction with the Active Impedance Estimation (AIE) technique for fault location in DC electrical distribution systems. The AIE technique injects a current transient into the system and monitors the resultant voltage transient. By combining these measurements in the frequency domain, the real and reactive components of system impedance can be estimated and the reactance can be used to indicate fault location. The prototype has been tested experimentally for short circuit faults and is shown to be effective. The portable unit can be used to test the AIE algorithm on more complex DC distribution systems.
|
| |
| | Detecting the correct rotational direction of a centrifugal device with a variable speed drive
By Jussi TAMMINEN, Tero AHONEN, Jero AHOLA, Lauri NIINIMAKI, Jukka TOLVANEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: A wrong rotational direction of a centrifugal device is detrimental for the service life and energy efficiency of the device. However, in some cases, visual inspection of the correct rotational direction is difficult or even impossible. This paper presents a sensorless method that can detect the correct rotational direction of a centrifugal device. The method is verified by laboratory tests for a pump and blower system.
|
| |
| | Distributed measurement system for long term monitoring of clouding effects on large PV plants
By Kasper PAASCH, Morten NYMAND, Frerk HAASE | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: A recording system for the generation of current-voltage characteristics of solar panels is presented.The system is intended for large area PV power plants. The recorded curves are used to optimize theenergy output of PV power plants, which are likely to be influenced by passing clouds and periods ofovercast skies.
|
| |
| | EMC model of Power Electronics converters for network analysis
By Genevieve FRANTZ, David FREY, Jean-Luc SCHANEN, Bertrand REVOL | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The presence of numerous power electronics converters on embedded networks, originates EMCissues. EMC modeling of power electronic converters is tricky due to modeling complexity. Indeed,on one side, EMC study needs the finest characterization of each element, thus, only a few numbers ofconverters plugged to the network can be described. On the other hand, a conventional networkapproach, representing the converters on a pure functional point of view, does not allow such analysisof each element.Therefore “black box” or “grey box” approaches, representing the global behavior of the converters,are a good compromise between those two antagonistic needs.This article aims to sum-up characteristics of different EMC models in order to justify the choice ofterminated approach. Then, all identification issues will be addressed:• Theoretical difficulties such as the physical meaning of the identified impedances.• Practical difficulties like attenuated conditions sizing and measurement protocol.
|
| |
| | Estimation accuracy of a vector-controlled frequency converter used in the determination of the pump system operating state
By Tero AHONEN, Jussi TAMMINEN, Markku NIEMELA, Cosme A AZUARA MAR, Lauri NIINIMAKI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Pump, compressor and fan systems often have a notable energy savings potential, which can be identified by monitoring their operation for instance by a frequency converter and model-based estimation methods. In such cases, sensorless determination of the system operating state relies on the accurate estimation of the motor rotational speed and shaft torque, which is commonly available in vector- and direct-torque-controlled frequency converters. However, frequency converter manufacturers seldom publish the expected estimation accuracies for the rotational speed and shaft torque.In this paper, the accuracy of these motor estimates is studied by laboratory measurements for a vector-controlled frequency converter both in the steady and dynamical states. In addition, the effect of the flux optimization feature on the estimation accuracy is studied. Finally, the impact of erroneous motor estimates on the flow rate estimation is demonstrated in the paper.
|
| |
| | FPGA-based sensor processing algorithms design and testing
By Antonio PRATA, Cedric DURAND, Yannick HILDENBRAND | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper shows how the new dSPACE FPGA–based design flow can help in sensor processing algorithms development tasks. After a first chapter introducing the dSPACE Hardware and Software tools and the general design process, a second part will focus more in details on an aerospace-oriented application developed by SAGEM.
|
| |
| | Frequency domain evaluation of a traction PMSM drive with direct torque control including field weakening area
By Tomas GLASBERGER, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Martin JANDA | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper presents a method for frequency analysis of traction drives supplied from a dc trolley wire with an input LC filter. The proposed method is suitable for frequency analysis of the traction drive in whole speed range and enables to find resonant or other observed harmonics in the operating drive circuit which could cause dangerous oscillations particularly at resonant frequencies of the power circuit. The method is used for detailed frequency analysis of a direct torque controlled traction drive with a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. The analysis is performed in a wide speed range including field weakening area and the dangerous resonant frequency is found and the behaviour of the drive in dependence on the stator frequency is observed. A solution based on demanded machine torque correction is used for the drive stability enhancement. The behaviour of the drive with this improvement is evaluated with the proposed method as well. The proper function of the frequency analysis in the wide speed range for the non-stabilized and stabilized drive is verified by simulations as well as by experimental measurements on a down scaled traction drive with rated power of 10.7 kW.
|
| |
| | High frequency current probes for common-mode impedance measurement of power converters
By Carlos CUELLAR, Nadir IDIR, Abdelkader BENABOU, Xavier MARGUERON | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Two current probes, based on the current injection method, are designed with appropriated highfrequency magnetic material. These probes are used to measure the common-mode impedance ofpower converters in real-operating conditions. The characterization of this impedance is of importancefor the EMI filter design. In this paper, a simple formulation of the probe’s transfer impedance usingS-parameters is proposed. The proposed probe allows improving the accuracy of the impedancemeasurement in a wide frequency band up to 100 MHz. Different measurements of common-modeconfigurations are detailed and discussed.
|
| |
| | High-Performance Position Evaluation for High Speed Drives via Systematic Error Correction Methods of Optical Encoders
By Yaser DAABOUL, Walter SCHUMACHER | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to obtain an improved position signal from optical encoders. The approach is based on a two correction stages by identifying and correcting the systematic errors in a wide speed range of high-speed electrical motors. The experimental results underline the performance of the discussed methods.
|
| |
| | Measurement Aspects with Open- and Balance-Type Calorimeter
By Antti KOSONEN, Lassi AARNIOVUORI, Markus JARVISALO, Jero AHOLA | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Calorimeters are rarely used to measure electric motors and power electronics. There are also some prejudices against the calorimeters, and misbeliefs what are the main phenomena that affect the measurement uncertainty of a calorimeter. When using a balance test and air as a coolant in calorimeters, a general concern is that the changes in air properties during a measurement have significant effect on the measurement accuracy. In this paper, different measurement aspects with an open- and balance-type calorimeter are introduced and demonstrated. The effect of air properties from the viewpoint of a successful measurement procedure is analyzed. A simulation model is introduced to analyze routes of heat losses.
|
| |
| | New Rogowski Coil Design with a High dV/dt Immunity and High Bandwidth
By Stefan HAIN, Mark-Matthias BAKRAN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: With the fast development of modern power semiconductors in the last years, the development of current measurement technologies has to adapt to this evolution. The challenge for the power electronic engineer is to provide a current sensor with a high bandwidth and a high immunity against external interferences. Rogowski current transducers are popular for monitoring transient currents in power electronic applications without interferences caused by external magnetic fields. But the trend of even higher current and voltage gradients generates a dilemma regarding the Rogowski current transducer technology. On the one hand, a high current gradient requires a current sensor with a high bandwidth. On the other hand, high voltage gradients forces to use a shielding around the Rogowski coil in order to protect the measurement signal from a capacitive displacement current caused by an unavoidable capacitive coupling to the setup, which reduces the bandwidth substantially. This paper presents a new Rogowski coil design which allows to measure high current gradients close to high voltage gradients without interferences and without reducing the bandwidth by a shielding. With this new measurement technique, it is possible to solve the mentioned dilemma and to get ready to measure the current of modern power semiconductors such as SiC and GaN with a Rogowski current transducer.
|
| |
| | Novel Methods of Chaos Detection of Active Magnetic Bearing System by Signal Analysis
By Alireza FAKHRIZADEH, Tuomo KAURANNE, Heikki HAARIO, Olli PYRHONEN, Rafal JASTRZEBSKI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: In this article the chaotic behavior of Active Magnetic Bearing is studied by two methods through their time series (signal). Besides the methods which are using for diagnosis of the chaotic behavior, the work presents an application of the embedding dimension concept. The embedding dimension can be used for estimating the order of the dynamical system.
|
| |
| | Online Vce measurement method for wear out monitoring of high power IGBT modules
By Szymon BECZKOWSKI, Pramod GHIMIRE, Angel RUIZ DE VEGA, Stig MUNK-NIELSEN, Bjorn RANNESTAD, Paul THØGERSEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: A simple Vce online monitoring circuit is presented in this paper. It allows an accurate wear out prediction of IGBT modules, in high-power applications, during normal converter operation. Bipolar measurement allows monitoring of both IGBT and antiparallel diode. The circuit uses two serial connected diodes to sense the Vce voltage with millivolt accuracy. One diode acts as a protection to block high DC voltage present on input terminals. When the device is conducting the voltage on the second diode is measured to compensate for the voltage drop on the protection diode thus eliminating voltage offset due to diodes’ forward voltage temperature dependency. Using four diodes one can monitor voltages on all power devices in a converter leg.
|
| |
| | Partial Thermal Impedance Measurement for Die Interconnection Characterization by a microsecond "Pulsed Heating Curve Technique"
By Benoit THOLLIN, Laurent DUPONT, Zoubir KHATIR, Yvan AVENAS, Jean-Christophe CREBIER, Pierre-Olivier JEANNIN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Due to new applicative domains like embedded systems, power electronic converters are getting moreand more compact, increasing their power densities and working in extreme environments with higherlifetime requirements in accordance with design to cost optimization. Power components packaging isthus involved in many research considerations such as thermal management, electromagneticinterference reduction and reliability. The thermal characterization of the die assembly is becoming achallenge in a power module due to the inaccessibility of the semiconductor parts in the module.This paper describes an innovative experimental method used to evaluate power chip interconnectionsolutions with the help of a transient thermal response of a power component. The experimental setupis designed to derive the thermal impedance of a power device in the microsecond scale in order toevaluate the thermal behaviour of the physical layers close to the chip. The method is then carried outwith power diodes in order to compare the thermal impedance of two power modules having differentsolder voids repartitions. The results show that this method has a very good sensibility that can be usedto compare the quality of the thermal behaviour of different die attaches.
|
| |
| | Power Hardware In the Loop Simulation Of WindFarm Contribution To Grid Frequency Control
By Bruno FRANCOIS, Rijaniaina ANDRIAMALALA, Ye WANG, Frederic COLAS, Xavier GUILLAUD, Eric SEMAIL | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate experimentally the capability of variable speed wind turbine to contribute toprimary frequency control. Emphasis on isolated power system is performed by considering the FrenchGuadeloupe island as a technical case study. The experimental work is based on the Power Hardware Inthe Loop (PHIL) method. A wind farm is emulated by equipments with reduced scale and is connectedto a real-time simulator simulating the Guadeloupe power system via a reversible power amplifier. Twodifferent scenarios have been tested. Comparison demonstrates that variable speed wind turbine canprovide a significant support to primary frequency control.
|
| |
| | Real-Time Simulation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine on a new DSP based hardware platform
By Andrea BENIGNI, Felix ADLER, Dirk FETZER, Antonello MONTI, Rik W. DE DONCKER | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Large wind farms are among the largest players among renewable sources. Recent developments bring new solutions for wind turbine generator systems and for interconnection with the grid. However, the impact of wind farms on the grid must be assessed, prior deployment, in a realistic, credible way, particularly to validate energy management and assess stability conditions. The institute for Automation of Complex power System and the institute for Power Generation and Storage of the E.ON Energy Research Center at RWTH Aachen together with AixControl, a local company producing DSP based platforms for fast prototyping of controllers for power electronics applications, are developing the hardware and software infrastructure to allow for the real-time simulation of large wind farms. In this paper we present the real-time simulation of a doubly fed wind generation system performed on the first prototype of DSP-cluster developed.
|
| |
| | Sensorless estimation of the pumping process characteristics by a frequency converter
By Lauri NIINIMAKI, Jukka TOLVANEN, Tero AHONEN, Jussi TAMMINEN, Jero AHOLA | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Energy consumption in pumping systems is affected by the surrounding process. As frequency converters allow sensorless estimation of the pump operating state, they can also be used for the process characteristics identification. In this paper, two frequency-converter-based methods to identify process characteristics are proposed, and the start-up test method is more closely studied by laboratory tests.
|
| |
| | STUDY OF THE SENSORLESS OPERATING POINT ESTIMATION FOR TURBOCOMPRESSORS
By Lauri NIINIMAKI, Tero AHONEN, Jussi TAMMINEN, Ahti JAATINEN-VARRI, Jero AHOLA, Jukka TOLVANEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Frequency converters enable energy savings and sensorless operation monitoring in pump and fansystems. This is possible with model-based estimation methods that apply frequency converterestimates of the rotational speed and the shaft power. Since compressors produce air flow similarly asfans, the same estimation methods should be applicable, if the fluid density change can be detectedand analyzed. In addition, suction side air conditions have an impact on the estimation of thecompressor operating point and should therefore be considered accordingly.This paper studies the use of the QmP and Qmϕ estimation methods for a radial-flow turbocompressorand the accuracy of the affinity laws in the case of compressors. The results show that the Qmϕmethod could be applied to turbocompressors, and the affinity laws are accurate enough if theperformance curves are measured with sufficiently small rotational speed steps.
|
| |
| | Two channel high voltage differential probe for power electronics applications
By Alex VAN DEN BOSSCHE, Dimitar BOZALAKOV | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: In this article, a high voltage two channel differential probe has been developed and tested in order to
satisfy the requirements of power electronic measurements. The bandwidth of at least 10MHz is
verified using a 50MHz sine wave generator. Voltage edges at 5V/ns like in real converters generated
from a DC chopper are also applied and the probe is perfectly able to follow such signals. The probe is
tested by using high voltage source up to 8kV DC and no coronas and flashovers were observed
between the PCB layout and the components and between the components as well.
|
| |
| | VERIFICATION OF APPLICABILITY OF RF SIGNAL BASED DETECTION METHOD FOR PARTIAL DISCHARGE ON INVERTER FED RANDOM WOUND STATOR WINDINGS IN LOW VOLTAGE INDUCTION MO
By Ville NISKANEN, Jero AHOLA, Paavo LEHTINEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Partial discharges (PD) are widely known to occur in medium- and high-voltage applications.Recently, it has been observed that owing to the use of modern variable frequency converters, anenvironment that contributes to partial discharges is also found in low-voltage motors. Low-voltagemachines are vulnerable to partial discharges because their winding insulation is not designed towithstand the phenomenon. As the number of inverter-driven systems is growing, the PD become acritical reliability issue. Therefore, methods to measure the phenomenon are required for the purposesof product development and maintenance. In this paper, detection of partial discharges in randomwound low-voltage induction motors is studied by applying a radio-frequency-signal-basedmeasurement setup for online partial discharge measurements.
|
| |