EPE Association: EPE 2011 - DS1b: Topic 19: Electrical Systems in Surface and Marine Transport (not Road)

EPE 2011 - DS1b: Topic 19: Electrical Systems in Surface and Marine Transport (not Road)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 19: Electrical systems in aerospace, space, surface and marine transport (not road) > EPE 2011 - DS1b: Topic 19: Electrical Systems in Surface and Marine Transport (not Road)

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   A New Method for AC Traction Drive Frequency Characteristics Measurement
By Tomas GLASBERGER, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Martin JANDA, Jan MAJORSZKY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the description of a new method for ac traction drives frequency characteristic measurement. The proposed method helps to find dangerous resonant frequencies of the traction drive (especially of the input LC filter on dc electrification system) and to propose corrections mitigating those oscillations. The proposed method has been verified by simulations and experiment on two different types of ac drives: (i) at an induction machine drive with open loop scalar control and (ii) at a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drive controlled by a DTC algorithm. The results show that DTC controlled drive in constant taken power mode amplifies capacitor voltage oscillations, therefore; a solution has been proposed to protect the drive against those oscillations. This voltage oscillation mitigation proposal has been experimentally verified on a laboratory model of the PMSM traction drive with rated power of 10.7 kW.

   An analytic simulation model for a supercapacitor-based energy storage system
By Ugis SIRMELIS, Linards GRIGANS, Leonards LATKOVSKIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Simulations of models containing a supercapacitor based energy storage system (ESS) are slow due to a small simulation step required by a switching-mode character of the ESS power converter. In the article, a SIMULINK model built on the analytic equations of the ESS power stage is proposed and verified by applying it in a model of a tram equipped with an onboard ESS. Performance of the proposed analytic model is compared with the switching and average ones. The model provides approximately 75-fold decrease in the simulation time in comparison to the switching model.

   Assessment of Dynamic Phasors Modelling Technique for Accelerated Electric Power System Simulations
By Tao YANG, Serhiy BOZHKO, Greg ASHER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper investigates application of dynamic phasors for accelerated study of electric power system dynamics. Four different modelling techniques are applied to simulate the example system that includes synchronous generator, transmission line and load, under both normal and faulty operation. Effectiveness of dynamic phasor concept for electric power systems modelling is shown, and the ways to achieve the best simulation performance have been discussed.

   BUDDY BIDIRECTIONAL SUPPLY FOR TRACTION SUBSTATIONS
By Will DE JAGER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Most traction substations are equipped with 12-pulse passive rectifiers. Therefore, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the input current is high, and feedback of braking power into the grid is not possible. Also, the overhead line voltage fluctuates seriously with varying loads.Imtech has developed a bidirectional supply for traction substations based on IGBT technology. The power electronics consist of a hysteresis controlled line-side converter. This results in low THD in the input AC current and low ripple on the output DC voltage.A system concept is developed for existing substations to add such an active converter to the already installed 12-pulse passive rectifier. In feed-in operation the system operates as a regular 12-pulse passive rectifier. In case of a reverse power flow due to braking operation on the track, the converter is activated, thus making feedback mode possible.

   Design, Implementation and Performance of a Modular Power Electronic Transformer (PET) for Railway Application
By Chuanhong ZHAO, Silvia LEWDENI-SCHMID, Jürgen STEINKE, Michael WEISS, Toufann CHAUDHURI, Marc PELLERIN, Joseph DURON, Philippe STEFANUTTI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Nowadays, power electronic transformers (PETs) are under consideration in various applications since PETs offer several advantages over traditional low-frequency transformers, including reduced weight and energy saving. This paper describes the practical design and implementation of a modular PET demonstrator, which is to be installed in a test locomotive and to operate in the field. The experimental results, including the performance of the developed PET demonstrator with different operating conditions, are presented.

   FOC and DTC comparison in PMSM for railway traction application
By Maitane AGUIRRE, Carlos CALLEJA, Amaia LOPEZ DE HEREDIA, Javier POZA, Aitor ARANBURU, Txomin NIEVA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a detailed comparison between two control strategies, field oriented control (FOC) and direct-torque control (DTC), in permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) for railway traction applications. The analysis is initially carried out in simulation, and some experimental results obtained from a 100 kW test bench are also included.

   Incorporation of Non-linear Dynamics to the Observability Formulation of Shipboard Power Systems
By Juan JIMENEZ, Chris DAFIS, Chika NWANKPA, Karen MIU [View]
[Download]

Abstract: No abstract provided.

   Modeling of Switching Over Voltages on Ship Service Transformers
By Lihua HU, Martin BUTCHER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The phenomenon of transient over-voltages during the switching of an HV/LV ship’s service transformer is analyzed in this paper. The system conditions which lead to these worst case switching over-voltages are: •Travelling switching wave and reflections;•Re-strikes of vacuum circuit breakers;•Saturation of the transformer which may inversely charge the power cable;•A load characteristic that causes current surge at the switching instant inversely charging the cable.A simplified model has been developed and then been used to simulate the switching over-voltages. The main conclusions reached from this work are:•The simplified model is sufficient to model predict the transient over-voltages following the switching of a transformer.•The worst case over-voltage could reach levels as high as 5.0 pu;•Damping filters or surge suppressors can be used to control the over-voltages to acceptable levels, at approximately 2.0 pu.

   Power Flow Management design for an Electric Propulsion System of a Hybrid Catamaran
By Luca SGARBOSSA, Adriano FAGGION, Silverio BOLOGNANI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the design of the power flow management of a hybrid electric catamaran. The boat, uses a mix of electric energy, generation, storage and electric propulsion drives. This work provides a mathematical model of all the parts which frames the electric drive system. Hints are given in order to set the right simulation step, maintaining the necessary precision to analyze the behaviour during the different operating modes.

   Speed-based Supercapacitor State of Charge Tracker for Light Railway Vehicles
By Diego IANNUZZI, Flavio CICCARELLI, Pietro TRICOLI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper suggests a supercapacitor control for light railway vehicles based on the tracking of the actual train speed. Different configurations in terms of storage capacity and braking resistance power are presented and compared. The proposed control algorithm evaluates analytically the supercapacitor reference current on the basis of the actual train kinetic energy, taking properly into account the efficiencies of the different subsystems. Therefore, on the basis of the size selected for the storage device, the control is capable of recovering the electrical energy during the braking of the train for recharging completely the supercapacitor units and dissipating the extra energy on the braking resistor. Realistic railway vehicle operations are presented by means of numerical simulations referring to different configurations of storage device and braking resistors. The results obtained show that the control is very effective in all the cases considered and that the final choice of the storage size is a trade-off between energy saving and equipment cost.

   Stator current and power factor optimization in an IPMSM for railway traction application
By Amaia LOPEZ DE HEREDIA, Andoni LERTXUNDI, Carlos CALLEJA, Aitor ARANBURU, Txomin NIEVA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to compare two control strategies aimed at optimizing stator current andpower factor in the constant torque operation zone on railway traction applications when interiorpermanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) are used. Both control strategies are the classical“zero d-current”, which is used in most of industrial applications, and the Most Torque per Amp(MTPA) technique, which optimizes the torque with the lowest current.A simulation study has been carried out with different saliency interior permanent magnet syncronousmachines, in order to demonstrate that MTPA control strategy allows stator current and power factoroptimization, specially if high saliency IPMSM are used. Finally, experimental results with a full-scale100kW prototype have been carried out, confirming the study fulfilled in simulation.

   Supercapacitors-Based Energy Storage for Urban Mass Transit Systems.
By Flavio CICCARELLI, Diego IANNUZZI, Davide LAURIA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The advance in energy storage technologies allows to improve significantly the performances of electrified light transportation systems. This is aligned with the massive requirement of competitiveness compared to other transportation technologies in terms of sustainable energy and high reduction of environmental impact reduction.The present paper deals with the problem of designing and sizing supercapacitors energy storage systems applied in DC electrified mass transit systems (MTSs). More specifically, it is shown that the optimal design of a stationary energy storage device can be regarded as a classical isoperimetric problem, whose solution is very attractive in order to determine also the optimal allocation of the storage device, as well as it takes contemporaneously into account several technical aspects in an integrated manner. Some simulations with respect to a case study are presented, pointing out the potentiality of the tailored technique. Experimental results are also reported, with reference to a reduced scale model, in order to put in evidence the effectiveness and the actual implementation of the proposed optimization technique.

   Transformer-less PWM High Power Medium Voltage Variable Speed Drive
By Emmanuel LELEU, Loïc LECLERE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the performances of a Variable Speed Drive based on High Power PWM Inverters connected to a distribution network without transformer. This architecture represents a step forward in the field of full-integrated production and power conversion solution to optimize efficiency, power quality, availability, space and compactness. We detail the key points of this solution design and we present main results to validate our topology comparing to conventional solutions with transformers.

   Vector Control of Primary Active Rectifiers in Traction Converter with Medium-Frequency Transformer
By Vojtech BLAHNIK, Jan ZAK, Zdenek PEROUTKA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with traction converter with medium-frequency transformer for new generation of ac catenary fed suburban units and locomotives. It introduces proposed vector control of primary cascaded voltage-source active rectifiers. Behaviour of designed control is analyzed by both simulations and experiments made on developed laboratory traction converter prototype.

EPE 2011 - DS1b: Topic 19: Electrical Systems in Surface and Marine Transport (not Road)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 19: Electrical systems in aerospace, space, surface and marine transport (not road) > EPE 2011 - DS1b: Topic 19: Electrical Systems in Surface and Marine Transport (not Road)
	[return to parent folder]

	A New Method for AC Traction Drive Frequency Characteristics Measurement By Tomas GLASBERGER, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Martin JANDA, Jan MAJORSZKY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the description of a new method for ac traction drives frequency characteristic measurement. The proposed method helps to find dangerous resonant frequencies of the traction drive (especially of the input LC filter on dc electrification system) and to propose corrections mitigating those oscillations. The proposed method has been verified by simulations and experiment on two different types of ac drives: (i) at an induction machine drive with open loop scalar control and (ii) at a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drive controlled by a DTC algorithm. The results show that DTC controlled drive in constant taken power mode amplifies capacitor voltage oscillations, therefore; a solution has been proposed to protect the drive against those oscillations. This voltage oscillation mitigation proposal has been experimentally verified on a laboratory model of the PMSM traction drive with rated power of 10.7 kW.

	An analytic simulation model for a supercapacitor-based energy storage system By Ugis SIRMELIS, Linards GRIGANS, Leonards LATKOVSKIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Simulations of models containing a supercapacitor based energy storage system (ESS) are slow due to a small simulation step required by a switching-mode character of the ESS power converter. In the article, a SIMULINK model built on the analytic equations of the ESS power stage is proposed and verified by applying it in a model of a tram equipped with an onboard ESS. Performance of the proposed analytic model is compared with the switching and average ones. The model provides approximately 75-fold decrease in the simulation time in comparison to the switching model.

	Assessment of Dynamic Phasors Modelling Technique for Accelerated Electric Power System Simulations By Tao YANG, Serhiy BOZHKO, Greg ASHER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper investigates application of dynamic phasors for accelerated study of electric power system dynamics. Four different modelling techniques are applied to simulate the example system that includes synchronous generator, transmission line and load, under both normal and faulty operation. Effectiveness of dynamic phasor concept for electric power systems modelling is shown, and the ways to achieve the best simulation performance have been discussed.

	BUDDY BIDIRECTIONAL SUPPLY FOR TRACTION SUBSTATIONS By Will DE JAGER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Most traction substations are equipped with 12-pulse passive rectifiers. Therefore, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the input current is high, and feedback of braking power into the grid is not possible. Also, the overhead line voltage fluctuates seriously with varying loads.Imtech has developed a bidirectional supply for traction substations based on IGBT technology. The power electronics consist of a hysteresis controlled line-side converter. This results in low THD in the input AC current and low ripple on the output DC voltage.A system concept is developed for existing substations to add such an active converter to the already installed 12-pulse passive rectifier. In feed-in operation the system operates as a regular 12-pulse passive rectifier. In case of a reverse power flow due to braking operation on the track, the converter is activated, thus making feedback mode possible.

	Design, Implementation and Performance of a Modular Power Electronic Transformer (PET) for Railway Application By Chuanhong ZHAO, Silvia LEWDENI-SCHMID, Jürgen STEINKE, Michael WEISS, Toufann CHAUDHURI, Marc PELLERIN, Joseph DURON, Philippe STEFANUTTI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Nowadays, power electronic transformers (PETs) are under consideration in various applications since PETs offer several advantages over traditional low-frequency transformers, including reduced weight and energy saving. This paper describes the practical design and implementation of a modular PET demonstrator, which is to be installed in a test locomotive and to operate in the field. The experimental results, including the performance of the developed PET demonstrator with different operating conditions, are presented.

	FOC and DTC comparison in PMSM for railway traction application By Maitane AGUIRRE, Carlos CALLEJA, Amaia LOPEZ DE HEREDIA, Javier POZA, Aitor ARANBURU, Txomin NIEVA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed comparison between two control strategies, field oriented control (FOC) and direct-torque control (DTC), in permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) for railway traction applications. The analysis is initially carried out in simulation, and some experimental results obtained from a 100 kW test bench are also included.

	Incorporation of Non-linear Dynamics to the Observability Formulation of Shipboard Power Systems By Juan JIMENEZ, Chris DAFIS, Chika NWANKPA, Karen MIU	[View] [Download]
Abstract: No abstract provided.

	Modeling of Switching Over Voltages on Ship Service Transformers By Lihua HU, Martin BUTCHER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The phenomenon of transient over-voltages during the switching of an HV/LV ship’s service transformer is analyzed in this paper. The system conditions which lead to these worst case switching over-voltages are: •Travelling switching wave and reflections;•Re-strikes of vacuum circuit breakers;•Saturation of the transformer which may inversely charge the power cable;•A load characteristic that causes current surge at the switching instant inversely charging the cable.A simplified model has been developed and then been used to simulate the switching over-voltages. The main conclusions reached from this work are:•The simplified model is sufficient to model predict the transient over-voltages following the switching of a transformer.•The worst case over-voltage could reach levels as high as 5.0 pu;•Damping filters or surge suppressors can be used to control the over-voltages to acceptable levels, at approximately 2.0 pu.

	Power Flow Management design for an Electric Propulsion System of a Hybrid Catamaran By Luca SGARBOSSA, Adriano FAGGION, Silverio BOLOGNANI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the design of the power flow management of a hybrid electric catamaran. The boat, uses a mix of electric energy, generation, storage and electric propulsion drives. This work provides a mathematical model of all the parts which frames the electric drive system. Hints are given in order to set the right simulation step, maintaining the necessary precision to analyze the behaviour during the different operating modes.

	Speed-based Supercapacitor State of Charge Tracker for Light Railway Vehicles By Diego IANNUZZI, Flavio CICCARELLI, Pietro TRICOLI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper suggests a supercapacitor control for light railway vehicles based on the tracking of the actual train speed. Different configurations in terms of storage capacity and braking resistance power are presented and compared. The proposed control algorithm evaluates analytically the supercapacitor reference current on the basis of the actual train kinetic energy, taking properly into account the efficiencies of the different subsystems. Therefore, on the basis of the size selected for the storage device, the control is capable of recovering the electrical energy during the braking of the train for recharging completely the supercapacitor units and dissipating the extra energy on the braking resistor. Realistic railway vehicle operations are presented by means of numerical simulations referring to different configurations of storage device and braking resistors. The results obtained show that the control is very effective in all the cases considered and that the final choice of the storage size is a trade-off between energy saving and equipment cost.

	Stator current and power factor optimization in an IPMSM for railway traction application By Amaia LOPEZ DE HEREDIA, Andoni LERTXUNDI, Carlos CALLEJA, Aitor ARANBURU, Txomin NIEVA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to compare two control strategies aimed at optimizing stator current andpower factor in the constant torque operation zone on railway traction applications when interiorpermanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) are used. Both control strategies are the classical“zero d-current”, which is used in most of industrial applications, and the Most Torque per Amp(MTPA) technique, which optimizes the torque with the lowest current.A simulation study has been carried out with different saliency interior permanent magnet syncronousmachines, in order to demonstrate that MTPA control strategy allows stator current and power factoroptimization, specially if high saliency IPMSM are used. Finally, experimental results with a full-scale100kW prototype have been carried out, confirming the study fulfilled in simulation.

	Supercapacitors-Based Energy Storage for Urban Mass Transit Systems. By Flavio CICCARELLI, Diego IANNUZZI, Davide LAURIA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The advance in energy storage technologies allows to improve significantly the performances of electrified light transportation systems. This is aligned with the massive requirement of competitiveness compared to other transportation technologies in terms of sustainable energy and high reduction of environmental impact reduction.The present paper deals with the problem of designing and sizing supercapacitors energy storage systems applied in DC electrified mass transit systems (MTSs). More specifically, it is shown that the optimal design of a stationary energy storage device can be regarded as a classical isoperimetric problem, whose solution is very attractive in order to determine also the optimal allocation of the storage device, as well as it takes contemporaneously into account several technical aspects in an integrated manner. Some simulations with respect to a case study are presented, pointing out the potentiality of the tailored technique. Experimental results are also reported, with reference to a reduced scale model, in order to put in evidence the effectiveness and the actual implementation of the proposed optimization technique.

	Transformer-less PWM High Power Medium Voltage Variable Speed Drive By Emmanuel LELEU, Loïc LECLERE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the performances of a Variable Speed Drive based on High Power PWM Inverters connected to a distribution network without transformer. This architecture represents a step forward in the field of full-integrated production and power conversion solution to optimize efficiency, power quality, availability, space and compactness. We detail the key points of this solution design and we present main results to validate our topology comparing to conventional solutions with transformers.

	Vector Control of Primary Active Rectifiers in Traction Converter with Medium-Frequency Transformer By Vojtech BLAHNIK, Jan ZAK, Zdenek PEROUTKA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with traction converter with medium-frequency transformer for new generation of ac catenary fed suburban units and locomotives. It introduces proposed vector control of primary cascaded voltage-source active rectifiers. Behaviour of designed control is analyzed by both simulations and experiments made on developed laboratory traction converter prototype.