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EPE 2009 - Subtopic 10-4 - DS: 'Synchronous, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless D.C. Motor'
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2009 - Conference > EPE 2009 - Topic 10: 'Electrical Machines' > EPE 2009 - Subtopic 10-4 - DS: 'Synchronous, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless D.C. Motor'
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	A new procedure to detect rotor position during startup in medium voltage synchronous motor drives with incremental encoder    By Paolo SEGARICH, Matteo CARPANETO, Alessio DE CIAN , Claudia LADISA, Mario MARCHESONI, Francesco SOSO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: There are several application fields where high power synchronous motor drives are requested to supply high torques at standstill. To this end, the information on the rotor absolute angular position is needed from the first instant of operations. A new procedure to detect the rotor position of synchronous motors without absolute encoder is presented. In particular, an automatic procedure and a simplified low speed back electro motive force compensation, which increase the reliability of a high performance synchronous motor drive, are proposed.
	A novel modulation technique for fault tolerant, permanent magnet drives   By Johan WOLMARANS, Henk POLINDER, Bram FERREIRA, Dave CLARENBACH	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: High speed electrical machines are central in replacing existing systems in aircraft with electrical counterparts. An integrated, fault tolerant, permanent magnet machine and drive is considered. Aerospace systems require high power density and high reliability from systems. Availability may be increased by adding fault tolerance to the system design and power density may be increased by integration of subparts. Much design flexibility can be found when system subparts are designed jointly. To aid system integration losses are to be kept low. This can be done by selection of a topology which yields low losses, amongst other factors. A three phase inverter and full bridge inverters with bipolar PWM, unipolar PWM and Phase Shifted Full Bridge topologies are investigated, for which switching and conduction losses are calculated. Low frequency modulation is shown to be possible with the use of a Phase Shifted Full Bridge topology. This strategy also enables the use of IGBT devices in high speed machines where switching speeds limits the power level and rotational speed of such fast rotating machines.
	Analytical Calculation of the PM Machine Magnetic Field Depending on Magnet Width and Skewing   By Dieter GERLING	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, the field of the permanent magnets of a PM machine is investigated. The focus is to calculate the field and its fourier components analytically depending on two main factors for machine design: magnet width (in circumferential direction) and magnet skewing. Skewing in a limited number of steps is regarded as well as continuous skewing.
	Analytical Design of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: Application to In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicle   By Christophe VERSELE, Zacharie DE GREVE, François VALLEE, Rodolphe HANUISE, Olivier DEBLECKER, Marc DELHAYE, Jacques LOBRY	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the analytical design of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) in-wheel synchronous motor for electric vehicles (EVs). AFPM motor is a pancake-type high torque density motor that fits perfectly the wheel of an automobile vehicle and that can, thus, be easily and compactly integrated into the wheel. Therefore, AFPM motor seems to be a better choice than radial flux permanent magnet (RFPM) motor for this kind of application. First, a design program of AFPM synchronous motors developed by the authors in Matlab environment is presented and validated by experimental results. This program is very simple to use and useful during the first stage of the design of a new motor in order to evaluate its performances and overall dimensions with reasonable accuracy (although more sophisticated methods, such as Finite Element Analysis, are required in more advanced phases of the design). In a second time, this program is used to design one of the four in-wheel motors of an urban EV. The results confirm that AFPM motor is a competitive choice for this application. Indeed, it meets all the requirements of the EV and fits perfectly the shape and size of a classical rim of an automobile vehicle wheel. Moreover, the results are compared with those obtained for a more conventional RFPM motor. This comparison shows that AFPM motor is a better choice than RFPM motor for in-wheel motor applications.
	Comparison of outer rotor PMSM with single- and double-layer windings at same machine geometry with respect to sensorless control capability   By Andreas EILENBERGER, Manfred SCHRÖDL, Johannes HEISSENBERGER	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper discusses the sensorless control capability of an outer rotor PMSM with two different concentrated stator coil winding configurations resulting in a single- and double-layer configuration at same machine geometry. As a key parameter the differential inductance in direct and quadrature axis over current load is measured and compared. Furthermore the steady state short circuit current is calculated analytically and measured.
	Design of Interior Permanent Magnet machine with Concentrated Windings for Vehicular Applications   By Lester CHONG, Rukmi DUTTA, M.F. RAHMAN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Due to limited space availability in vehicular applications, machines with high torque density are required. One of the ways to maximize space is by reducing machine end winding length and increasing its effective stack length. This paper illustrates a general design process used for implementing non-overlapping concentrated windings an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for field weakening applications. This design process will be verified by a finite element model. Parameters and performance characteristics will be illustrated. Additionally, based on the same size constrain of two other available UNSW distributed winding IPM machines, torque density and field weakening capability are compared.
	Dynamic Simulation of PM Disc Motor Using MATLAB/Simulink Coupled with Finite Element Method   By Goga CVETKOVSKI, Lidija PETKOVSKA, Sinclair GAIR	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a basic permanent magnet disc motor (PMDM) simulation model for MATLAB/SIMULINK transient analysis. The PMDM model consists of SIMULINK blocks that can be easily implemented in a real-time test environment in order to investigate all different transient regimes of the motor. The simulation drive model is consisted of a PMDM model and a pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter model. The motor, modelled for this simulation is a prototype brushless three phase synchronous permanent magnet disc motor fed by a PWM inverter connected to a rechargeable battery supply or a fuel cell. Soft magnetic composite material is inserted as stator slots closure in the open slots, in order to reduce the torque pulsation because of the stator slot openings. This is very important due to the fact that this type of motor is designed for a direct wheel drive in electric vehicles (EV). Since this motor is in a development stage, beside its steady state characteristics it is essential to determine its transient regime performance and characteristics. For that purpose, a proper modelling of the motor and the whole drive is necessary. Some of the permanent magnet disc motor parameters necessary for the MATLAB/SIMULINK model are determined experimentally (Rs, Ld and Lq) and some are determined by using quasi-3D FEM calculation data (m). In order to be able to calculate the permanent magnets magnetic flux (m), an original modelling of the motor is performed, in which the motor is divided into five linear segments. For the analysis of the SIMULINK modelled PMDM drive, a start up regime simulation of the motor at no load and rated load is performed and the simulation results are presented.
	EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF LAMINATION MATERIAL. CASE OF SWITCHING FLUX SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH HYBRID EXCITATION.   By Emmanuel HOANG, Sami HLIOUI, Michel LECRIVAIN, Mohamed GABSI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to compare the experimental performances of a new hybrid flux switching synchronous machine built with two types of lamination materials (3\% silicon iron steel M330-50 and NO-20). This machine uses the flux switching principle where all the active parts are located on the stator (armature windings and permanent magnets). However DC excitation coils where added in the stator and gives a supplementary degree of freedom used control the total excitation flux. The rotor is only a salient passive rotor and can be robust and made with a low cost technology. This new machine can be supplied by means of a traditional three-phase voltage converter or can be associated with a diode rectifier.
	Hybrid Excited Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines   By Richard OWEN, Zi-Qiang ZHU, Geraint JEWELL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Hybrid excited machines are of interest due to the potential of combining the high power density of PM machines with the flux-adjusting capability of wound field excitation. This paper reviews currently documented hybrid excited machines and compares the flux control performance and torque density of alternative hybrid flux-switching PM machines by means of finite element analysis. The iron loss of the most promising design is calculated and shown to be much reduced from a conventional FSPM machine and it is shown that at high speed the iron losses can be reduced further by applying negative current to the field coil.
	Identification of the Synchronous Machine Inductances by Using Switching Power Converters Applied in Sensorless and Current Control   By Frederik DE BELIE, Omar ELLABBAN, Philippe LATAIRE, Kristof VANDEMERGEL, Jan MELKEBEEK	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the identification of a synchronous machine parameter usefull for the purpose of sensorless and current control. Deviations from the steady-state voltage are generated by the current controller in order to drive the current to its desired value. In sensorless drives, voltage deviations from steady state are used in the case the back-emf is too low to obtain an accurate rotor position estimation. The voltage deviation applied, generates a measurable current ripple from which an estimation of the rotor position can be made. To study the dynamic behaviour of the current controller as well as the accuracy of the position estimator, the current response on voltage deviations from steady state is of importance. Furthermore, it can be of interest for the controller performance to take into account the influence of magnetic saturation and magnetic interaction. This paper discusses a strategy to measure the current dependence of the machine impedance. It uses the small voltage deviations generated during current control or sensorless control and consequently avoids interference with the normal operation of the drive. To verify the method, experimental identification of the machine impedance is conducted on a permanent-magnet machine of 3.7 kW supplied by using a voltage-source inverter (VSI) with IGBTs. A second set of experiments is performed on a synchronous machine of 150 kVA with rotor field winding for which the stator is supplied by using a full-bridge thyristor rectifier (FBR). The generation of voltage signals is discussed here for the VSI as well as the FBR as these converters are often used for the power convertion in synchronous drives.
	Interior Permanent-Magnet Motor for Ship Propulsion, Design and Testing   By Damir ZARKO, Branimir RUZOJCIC, Drago BAN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The main design features and the results of tests carried out on a prototype of a 750 kW interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motor for ship propulsion are presented. The principal reasons for choosing an IPM motor design over other available types of permanent-magnet (PM) motors for ship propulsion have been discussed in detail. The test results indicate that the motor parameters and its performance confirm the predictions made in the design stage.
	Less Rare-Earth Magnet-High Power Density Hybrid Excitation Motor Designed for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drives   By Takashi KOSAKA, NOBUYUKI MATSUI, IZUMI OZAWA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation into design possibility of hybrid excitation motor as less-permanent magnet and high power density for traction drives in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Firstly, the construction, the basic working principle and the design concept are overviewed. Then, the reason why the proposed machine is suitable for realizing the motor with less-permanent magnet and high power density is summarized. After making the design restrictions and specifications clear, 3D-FEA-based preliminary design results are demonstrated. As the design result, the proposed motor makes possible to reduce the volume of permanent magnet by approximately half of that used in existing Interior Per-manent Magnet Synchronous Motor for LEXUS RX400h while keeping the power density intact.
	Mathematical Model of a Reactive Homopolar Synchronous Machine with Stator Excitation   By SORIN IOAN DEACONU, LUCIAN TUTELEA, GABRIEL NICOLAE POPA, CRISTIAN ABRUDEAN, MARCEL TOPOR	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this work is presenting a reactive homopolar synchronous machine with stator excitation (RHSMSE) destined to operate as generator of low and middle power or as servomotor with reduced inertia and high-speed. We proposed in this paper a modeling and a simulation method by electric-magnetic coupled network, based on the permeance network and 3D FEM analysis with specialized software . In this paper we make a comparative study between the results obtained with the method of finite elements and the results obtained from the magnetic equivalent method.
	Novel Single Phase Generator with Auxiliary Pole for Low Cogging Torque   By Masayuki SANADA, Shigeo MORIMOTO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In the present study, a novel small permanent magnet generator is proposed. Various characteristics are analyzed using the FEM. A suitable structure for high power and low cogging torque is investigated. Low-cogging-torque characteristics can be achieved by optimization of the auxiliary pole shape. The proposed generator is a low cogging torque generator that operates at low speeds and so is expected to be useful as a wind generator or a hub dynamo for the bicycle.
	Optimization of magnetic circuit of an axial inductor machine based on the calculation and the analysis of magnetic field   By Svetlana ORLOVA, Janis DIRBA, Nikolaj LEVIN, Vladislav PUGACHOV, Leonids RIBICKIS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The work is devoted to investigation into the possibilities to optimize the axial inductor machine. Modelling problems are solved for the external source of magnetic field in the machine’s cross-section. Optimal values are found for geometrical parameters of the tooth zone, which allow the maximum EMF in the armature winding coils to be reached. To validate the theoretical assumptions and the adopted methods for determination of the optimal parameters of an inductor generator’s tooth zone the experimental tests have been carried out.
	Sensorless Control of High Speed Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor   By Slawomir BUJACZ, Pawel SZCZEPANKOWSKI, Artur CICHOWSKI, Janusz NIEZNANSKI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the method of sensorless control of super high speed permanent magnet motor. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is considered as the speed observer and some aspects of using it (including tuning the covariance matrixes) are presented in the paper. The start-up process as well as the steady state is taken into consideration.
	Skewing Effect on the PM Flux-Linkage High Harmonics of the PM Machines with Delta Winding   By Gurakuq DAJAKU, Dieter GERLING	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This work deals with the analysis of the high harmonic contents on the PM flux linkage and induced back emf of a PM machine at no load and with delta connected winding topology. The skewing effect on these unwanted high harmonics is investigated for a continuously skewed and a discrete skewed rotor topology. The FE results show that the PM flux linkage of the studied machine contains high harmonics of odd order. When the phase windings are connected in delta the PM flux linkage and resulting induced back emf contains high harmonics of order 3rd and 9th. Further, the analysis performed here show that using skewed rotor topology these high harmonics clearly can be reduced.
	Stator Short Circuits Detection in PMSM by means of Zhao-Atlas-Marks distribution and energy calculation   By Julio César URRESTY, Jordi RIBA, Juan Antonio ORTEGA, Juan Jose CÁRDENAS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents and analyzed short circuit failures for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The study includes stated state and dynamic condition for experimental test. The stator current is analyzed by means of Zhao-Atlas-Marks distribution (ZAMD) and energy spectrum
	SVD-based Macromodeling of a PM Motor using the Energy Function Method   By Nizar KHATEEB, Dieter GERLING	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper we present a novel modelling method of the permanent magnet motor. This method depends on the combination of the singular value decomposition (SVD) on the mathematical framework and the energy function method on the physical framework. We take the SVD-based macromodel approach to derive the static characteristics of the motor using only the co-energy. The co-energy is calculated as a function of angle and current using a FEM-tool and stored in a matrix. The calculated co-energy matrix will be used to derive the analytical representation of the static characteristics.
	Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Voltage Sag Effects on the Three-phase Synchronous Machine Stability   By DANIEL AGUILAR GALVAN, ALEJANDRO ROLÁN BLANCO, Gerardo VÁZQUEZ GUZMÁN, FELIPE CÓRCOLES LÓPEZ, PEDRO RODRÍGUEZ CORTÉS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper focuses on the effects of voltage sags, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical, on the three-phase Synchronous Machine (SM). Voltage sags on SM cause speed variations, current and torque peaks and hence may cause tripping and equipment damage. The consequences of voltage sags on the machine behaviour depend on different factors such as sag’s magnitude (or depth), duration, initial point-on-wave and the parameters of the electrical machine. In this study, three SMs of different rated power have been considered in order to simulate the voltage sag effects for specific conditions and analyze the machine stability.
	TORQUE-RIPPLE MINIMIZATION IN DC-BRUSHLESS DRIVES USING A PREDICTIVE CONTROL TECHNIQUE ADAPTED TO GENERIC AIR-GAP FLUX-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION   By Gianluca BRANDO, Andrea DEL PIZZO, Adolfo DANNIER, Massimo BELLUCCI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: For a three-phase dc-brushless drives, the paper presents a control technique able to maintain practically constant the motor torque in steady-state operations. This optimized feature can be obtained whatever is the waveform of the air-gap flux density distribution generated by rotor magnets. Isotropic machine are considered with respect to the air-gap armature field (surface mounted magnets). On the basis of no-load induced voltages waveforms measured at constant speeds in off-line tests, simple control algorithms are carried out for either “two phase on” or “three phase on” operating conditions; i.e. they are active also during the commutation between two consequent armature phases. These algorithms evaluate the instantaneous currents suitable to remove ripples in the torque time-behaviour. In cascade, a predictive algorithm computes the correspondent voltage reference values for the feeding VSI. For dc-brushless motors the voltage predictive algorithm is rather simple and is efficacious both in low and high speed (or load) operating conditions. An accurate numerical investigation and some experimental results are presented in order to validate the proposed control technique.