EPE-PEMC 2006 - Topic 07: MEASUREMENTS, SENSORS AND OBSERVING TECHNIQUES | ||
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![]() | A New Sensorless Control for the Switched Reluctance Machine
By Joanna Bekiesch, Gunter Schroder | |
Abstract: This paper presents a new method for
determination of the rotor position of the Switched
Reluctance Machine (SRM). With this it is possible to
eliminate the use of the positions encoder, which is usually
necessary to control the SRM. The method is based on a
machine model, which includes the phase voltage equation.
It can be calculated in real time. Additionally for better
dynamic performance a new digital control loop is
proposed. The advantages of this method are simplicity, it
requires low computation time, and it gives accurate
sensorless rotor position for motor operation as well as
generator operation.
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![]() | A Sensorless Rotor Temperature Estimator for Induction Machines based on Current Harmonic Spectral Estimation Scheme
By Zhi Gao, Thomas G. Habetler, Ronald Harley, Roy Colby | |
Abstract: This paper proposes a sensorless rotor
temperature estimator for small to medium size mains-fed
induction machines. With measurements obtained from
only current and voltage sensors, the proposed estimator
can capture the rotor temperature in an online fashion.
First the rotor speed is extracted from the current harmonic
spectrum based on the estimated rotor slot and eccentricity
harmonic frequencies. Then the inductances are estimated
from the induction machine equivalent circuit. The stator
winding resistance at ambient temperature is the only motor
parameter needed at this stage. Once the inductances are
obtained, they are fed into the rotor resistance estimation
algorithm to yield an estimate of the rotor resistance.
Finally the rotor temperature is calculated from the linear
relationship between temperature and rotor resistance.
Experimental results from different motors are shown to
validate the proposed scheme. The whole scheme is
accurate and reliable and is therefore suitable to be
implemented in a rotor thermal protection relay or a motor
drive employing vector control scheme to compensate for
the detuning effects.
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![]() | Automated Data Acquisition System for Monitoring Electrical Stations
By Mircea Dobriceanu, Alexandru Bitoleanu, Mihaela Popescu, Gabriel Vladut | |
Abstract: In an efficient process drive, the monitoring
function is absolutely necessary because decision can be
taken only based on correct and complete information about
the parameters which characterize the process. An example
of a process which requires such a monitoring is represented
by the one associated to a electrical energy flow supervision
system, which has the purpose of monitoring and storing the
electrical parameters which are taken from the electrical
stations. In this way, it is presented an data acquisition
equipment which is incorporated in a dispatching system
aiming the monitoring and storing of electrical parameters
which are taken from electrical cells which compose the
supervised electrical station. The use of the equipment will
allow permanent monitoring of electrical stations
functioning and storing of events or flaws which can appear
in the functioning process.
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![]() | Coaxial HF Power Transformer with Tubular Linear Windings –FEM Results vs. Laboratory Test
By Boguslaw Grzesik, Mariusz Stepien | |
Abstract: Proposed here paper describes coaxial power
transformer with tubular linear windings for high
frequency applications. Description of design and power
properties of transformer are included. Properties were
obtained by FEM calculations using 2D ANSYS software
and by measurements based on calorimetric method.
Performed analysis shows very good properties of
transformer in high frequency power conversion (at 1MHz
efficiency is 99,4% and output power 4.3 kW) Laboratory
tests done in narrow range of power (0 to 500 W) confirm
computational results.
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![]() | Design and Realization of Power Quality Monitoring System based on DSP and PCI Technique
By Wei Kang, Xiangwu Yan, Heming Li, Lixia Zhang | |
Abstract: In order to evaluate power quality more
accurately a power quality monitoring system based on DSP
and PCI bus technique is proposed. This system combines
the powerful operational capability of DSP chip and the
abundant resource of the computer together. It can monitor
the five targets of power quality real-time and storage the
history data with database technique. Test proved that this
monitoring system can meet the requirement of the modern
power quality monitoring.
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![]() | Electrolyte Measurements Automation for Capacitor Research and Development
By Denes Fodor, Otto Klug, Ivett Balint, Attila Horvath, Attila Riz | |
Abstract: The paper deals with the presentation of a
complete Measurement Automation System (MAS)
implemented in an Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor
Development Laboratory at EPCOS Hungary. The main
role of the MAS is to facilitate the electrolyte and capacitor
research and development, through the automation of the
related measurement tasks, and to provide a powerful
database system background for data retrieval and decision
support. For the realization of the above requirements the
National Instrument measurement and development tools
were chosen as implementation and development platform.
The presentation focuses on the architecture of the
measurement system and presents the implementation
process via a significant measurement (“Mixing
(conductivity with single temperature)”), selected from the
more then ten automated measurements. The results shows
that with the introduction of the innovative MAS system in
the Lab the research and development time for new
electrolytes and capacitors has been decreased considerably.
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![]() | Graphical Development of Software for Programmable Logic Controllers
By Jose Roger-Folch, Juan Perez, Manuel Pineda, Ruben Puche | |
Abstract: Graphical languages are standard in the field of
computer programming. Complex software development is
best handled by graphically connecting pre-built, fully
tested and highly specialized software components, instead
of writing and debugging thousands of lines of code.
Modern programming environments include complete
libraries of such components. In the field of Programmable
Logic Controllers (PLCs), this is not the case. PLC
programs can be developed using graphical languages, as
Ladder Diagrams (LD) or Function Block Diagrams (FBD),
but the standard libraries are very limited, so the
programmer must develop his own libraries, building
software objects from scratch. In this paper, a framework is
presented for automatically building complex software
modules using based on two key pillars: on the one hand,
using object oriented concepts as encapsulation, inheritance
and generic programming, and, in the other one, closely
following the physical model of the objects used in building
electrical control cabinets (ECBs).
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![]() | Identification of the Moment of Inertia in the Digital Control Drive
By Sergey Ryvkin, Dmitry Izosimov, Anatoly Vinogradov | |
Abstract: The aim of this paper is present the digital
approach to solving one of the most important control
problems nowadays: the identification of the time variable
physical parameters of a control plant and first of all the
moment of inertia. The digital technique opens new
possibility in this area. The identification problems of the
time variable physical parameters of a control plant and the
matrix constituents and the matrix constituents of a linear
multidimensional discrete-time system that is the
mathematical model of the control plant are considered.
Identification conditions for the both cases that connect the
memory depth, the quantization frequency and the quantity
of the identified parameters are formulated. Using this
technique makes possible receiving the estimation of the
moment of inertia without information of the load torque.
The condition of the identification of the moment of inertia
is formulated.
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![]() | Induction Machine Shaft Speed Estimation using Imaginary Power
By Terrence Summers, Robert Eric Betz, Brendan Mc Grath, Graham Clifford Goodwin | |
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of an imaginary
power based speed estimation algorithm for induction
machines. The algorithm investigated was first proposed by
Peng and Fukao in 1994 [1], and has some very desirable
characteristics such as insensitivity to knowledge of stator
resistance, and does not use pure integrations. However, it
has been shown that the algorithm does not operate stably
under regeneration conditions, which has been the main
reason that it has not seen much application. This paper
investigates the reasons behind this instability, and then
develops a solution approach.
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![]() | Mobile Robot Localization using Local Occupancy Grid Maps Transformations
By Lejla Banjanovic-Mehmedovic, Ivan Petrovic, Edouard Ivanjko | |
Abstract: Mobile robot localization is the problem of
determining the pose (position and orientation) of a mobile
robot under complex measurement uncertainties. The
algorithm introduced here is based on the modified multiple
model and exploits a soft gating of the measurements to
reduce the computational requirements of the approach.
The position part is based on an x and y histograms scan
matching procedure, where x and y histograms are
extracted directly from local occupancy grid maps using
probability scalar transformation. The orientation part is
based on the proposed obstacle vector transformation
combined with polar histograms. Proposed algorithms are
tested using a Pioneer 2DX mobile robot.
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![]() | Portable Three Phase Energy Consumption Acquisition System
By Alois Lang, Helmut Weiss | |
Abstract: Energy management becomes more and more
important with respect to rapid increasing energy costs.
Exact analysis of all installed electrical loads of a company is
the basic requirement for starting and realising energysaving
measures. The proposed cost-effective mobile
portable measuring system is composed of a standard
notebook with PCMCIA slot, a data acquisition PCMCIA
card and signal interfaces for current and voltage. We can
measure (active) power of all power lines in an electrical
distribution network regardless of voltage and current
waveforms. Standard harmonics contents in current and
voltage do not influence accuracy. All measured data will be
saved on disk during the time of monitoring. These data can
be analysed and interpreted easily using analysis software
like DIAdem or simply EXCEL.
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![]() | Position Calibration Techniques Comparison for Sensorless Controlled PMSM based on Variance Adjustment and Angle Regulation
By Ming Chuan Huang, Anthony J. Moses, Fatih E. Anayi | |
Abstract: This paper compares two types of position
calibration techniques: angle PI regulation and stochastic
variance adjustment applied in three state-estimation
observers and flux-linkage observer for sensorless control
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Three
types of state-estimation observers are Extended Kalman
Filter (EKF), Linear Kalman Filter (LKF) and Single
Dimension Luenberger observer (SDL). Experimental result
shows that the difference between various sensorless stateestimation
techniques is decided by error calibration type.
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![]() | Power System Voltage Harmonic Identification using Kalman Filter
By Raul Alcaraz, Emilio J. Bueno, Santiago Cobreces, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Felipe Espinosa, S. Muyulema | |
Abstract: The intensive use of power converters and
other non-linear loads in industry and by consumers in
general, has produced an increasing deterioration of the
power systems voltage waveforms. The presence of harmonic
distortion in power lines results in greater power losses in the
distribution systems, interference problem in communication
systems and, sometimes, in operation failures of electronics
equipments. Owing to these problems and to preserve the
power quality, the active filters are used for harmonic
elimination. In this filters, a perfect harmonic identification
is fundamental, therefore, nowadays many identification
algorithms are available, such as, DFT, Fourier Series, ect.
However, in this work a more robust algorithm based on
Kalman filtering is presented. Also, several grid voltage
models in state variable are shown, since the Kalman Filter
needs a model of the evaluated system (in this case, of the
grid). Moreover, the advantages of this method with respect
to the most used technique, FFT, are commented.
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![]() | Real-Time Parameter Identification through Output Signal Processing based on the Preliminary Data Structurized
By Yury Kolokolov, Anna Monovskaya, Jose Ragot | |
Abstract: In the paper an approach to real-time
identification of pulse energy conversion system (PECS)
parameters is developed. The approach is based on the
preliminary bifurcation analysis and geometrical
interpretation of the fractal properties revealed in PECS
dynamics. The approach has in aim to establishing of a
functional dependence between both phase variable values
measured and parameter values sought.
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![]() | Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine at Standstill and Low Speed
By Feng Zhao, Xuhui Wen, Shan Xue, Jinwen Gao | |
Abstract: The model of the interior permanent magnet
synchronous machine (IPMSM) is transformed to a novel
format, which can be treated as a surface permanent
magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM). Based on the new
form, novel methods for position estimation during
standstill and low speed are presented for IPMSM drives.
Carrier-Signal-injection is used; persistent, rotating current
vector is injected into the plant. Novel carrier frequency
image tracking techniques base on the Model Reference
Adaptive Method are used, taking over filter method, to
demodulate the position signal from high frequent current
signals. This scheme can identify and track the orientation
of the north pole of d or q axes quickly and accurately even
when the rotor is at low speed and standstill, in spite of the
speed is known and unknown. Simulation results show that
the proposed algorithms are capable of reliable and fast
initial position estimation at standstill and low speed.
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![]() | Static and Dynamic Electric Behavior of Compact Fluorescent Lamps
By Gabriela Siqueira, Yaro Burian | |
Abstract: The electric behavior of compact fluorescent
lamps is analysed. In static conditions the lamp has a
nonlinear voltage-current characteristic. In dynamic
conditions the lamp has a dynamic conductance related to
the static conductance by a differential equation. The lamp
is simulated in two different circuits: one with a series
reactor and another with a series reactor and a small
capacitor in parallel. Good concordance was obtained
between the results from the theoretical model and
experimentally verified.
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![]() | The Impact of the System Operating Point on the Accuracy of the AC Slip-Ring Motor Speed Estimation
By Alen Poljugan, Fetah Kolonic, Alojz Slutej | |
Abstract: An AC slip-ring motor speed estimation in the
industrial crane control system is realized. Speed estimation
is based on the rotor voltage frequency measurement. For
the hardware implementation, ADMC300 DSP based unit is
used. Speed estimation unit is included in the modular
structure of the industrial crane control system. Authors
investigate speed estimation algorithm solutions and
implication of the system operating point on the estimation
accuracy.
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