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 EPE-PEMC 2006 - Topic 07: MEASUREMENTS, SENSORS AND OBSERVING TECHNIQUES 
 You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2006 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2006 - Topic 07: MEASUREMENTS, SENSORS AND OBSERVING TECHNIQUES 
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   A New Sensorless Control for the Switched Reluctance Machine 
 By Joanna Bekiesch, Gunter Schroder 
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Abstract: This paper presents a new method for determination of the rotor position of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM). With this it is possible to eliminate the use of the positions encoder, which is usually necessary to control the SRM. The method is based on a machine model, which includes the phase voltage equation. It can be calculated in real time. Additionally for better dynamic performance a new digital control loop is proposed. The advantages of this method are simplicity, it requires low computation time, and it gives accurate sensorless rotor position for motor operation as well as generator operation.

 
   A Sensorless Rotor Temperature Estimator for Induction Machines based on Current Harmonic Spectral Estimation Scheme 
 By Zhi Gao, Thomas G. Habetler, Ronald Harley, Roy Colby 
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Abstract: This paper proposes a sensorless rotor temperature estimator for small to medium size mains-fed induction machines. With measurements obtained from only current and voltage sensors, the proposed estimator can capture the rotor temperature in an online fashion. First the rotor speed is extracted from the current harmonic spectrum based on the estimated rotor slot and eccentricity harmonic frequencies. Then the inductances are estimated from the induction machine equivalent circuit. The stator winding resistance at ambient temperature is the only motor parameter needed at this stage. Once the inductances are obtained, they are fed into the rotor resistance estimation algorithm to yield an estimate of the rotor resistance. Finally the rotor temperature is calculated from the linear relationship between temperature and rotor resistance. Experimental results from different motors are shown to validate the proposed scheme. The whole scheme is accurate and reliable and is therefore suitable to be implemented in a rotor thermal protection relay or a motor drive employing vector control scheme to compensate for the detuning effects.

 
   Automated Data Acquisition System for Monitoring Electrical Stations 
 By Mircea Dobriceanu, Alexandru Bitoleanu, Mihaela Popescu, Gabriel Vladut 
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Abstract: In an efficient process drive, the monitoring function is absolutely necessary because decision can be taken only based on correct and complete information about the parameters which characterize the process. An example of a process which requires such a monitoring is represented by the one associated to a electrical energy flow supervision system, which has the purpose of monitoring and storing the electrical parameters which are taken from the electrical stations. In this way, it is presented an data acquisition equipment which is incorporated in a dispatching system aiming the monitoring and storing of electrical parameters which are taken from electrical cells which compose the supervised electrical station. The use of the equipment will allow permanent monitoring of electrical stations functioning and storing of events or flaws which can appear in the functioning process.

 
   Coaxial HF Power Transformer with Tubular Linear Windings –FEM Results vs. Laboratory Test 
 By Boguslaw Grzesik, Mariusz Stepien 
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Abstract: Proposed here paper describes coaxial power transformer with tubular linear windings for high frequency applications. Description of design and power properties of transformer are included. Properties were obtained by FEM calculations using 2D ANSYS software and by measurements based on calorimetric method. Performed analysis shows very good properties of transformer in high frequency power conversion (at 1MHz efficiency is 99,4% and output power 4.3 kW) Laboratory tests done in narrow range of power (0 to 500 W) confirm computational results.

 
   Design and Realization of Power Quality Monitoring System based on DSP and PCI Technique 
 By Wei Kang, Xiangwu Yan, Heming Li, Lixia Zhang 
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Abstract: In order to evaluate power quality more accurately a power quality monitoring system based on DSP and PCI bus technique is proposed. This system combines the powerful operational capability of DSP chip and the abundant resource of the computer together. It can monitor the five targets of power quality real-time and storage the history data with database technique. Test proved that this monitoring system can meet the requirement of the modern power quality monitoring.

 
   Electrolyte Measurements Automation for Capacitor Research and Development 
 By Denes Fodor, Otto Klug, Ivett Balint, Attila Horvath, Attila Riz 
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Abstract: The paper deals with the presentation of a complete Measurement Automation System (MAS) implemented in an Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor Development Laboratory at EPCOS Hungary. The main role of the MAS is to facilitate the electrolyte and capacitor research and development, through the automation of the related measurement tasks, and to provide a powerful database system background for data retrieval and decision support. For the realization of the above requirements the National Instrument measurement and development tools were chosen as implementation and development platform. The presentation focuses on the architecture of the measurement system and presents the implementation process via a significant measurement (“Mixing (conductivity with single temperature)”), selected from the more then ten automated measurements. The results shows that with the introduction of the innovative MAS system in the Lab the research and development time for new electrolytes and capacitors has been decreased considerably.

 
   Graphical Development of Software for Programmable Logic Controllers 
 By Jose Roger-Folch, Juan Perez, Manuel Pineda, Ruben Puche 
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Abstract: Graphical languages are standard in the field of computer programming. Complex software development is best handled by graphically connecting pre-built, fully tested and highly specialized software components, instead of writing and debugging thousands of lines of code. Modern programming environments include complete libraries of such components. In the field of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), this is not the case. PLC programs can be developed using graphical languages, as Ladder Diagrams (LD) or Function Block Diagrams (FBD), but the standard libraries are very limited, so the programmer must develop his own libraries, building software objects from scratch. In this paper, a framework is presented for automatically building complex software modules using based on two key pillars: on the one hand, using object oriented concepts as encapsulation, inheritance and generic programming, and, in the other one, closely following the physical model of the objects used in building electrical control cabinets (ECBs).

 
   Identification of the Moment of Inertia in the Digital Control Drive 
 By Sergey Ryvkin, Dmitry Izosimov, Anatoly Vinogradov 
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is present the digital approach to solving one of the most important control problems nowadays: the identification of the time variable physical parameters of a control plant and first of all the moment of inertia. The digital technique opens new possibility in this area. The identification problems of the time variable physical parameters of a control plant and the matrix constituents and the matrix constituents of a linear multidimensional discrete-time system that is the mathematical model of the control plant are considered. Identification conditions for the both cases that connect the memory depth, the quantization frequency and the quantity of the identified parameters are formulated. Using this technique makes possible receiving the estimation of the moment of inertia without information of the load torque. The condition of the identification of the moment of inertia is formulated.

 
   Induction Machine Shaft Speed Estimation using Imaginary Power 
 By Terrence Summers, Robert Eric Betz, Brendan Mc Grath, Graham Clifford Goodwin 
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Abstract: This paper investigates the use of an imaginary power based speed estimation algorithm for induction machines. The algorithm investigated was first proposed by Peng and Fukao in 1994 [1], and has some very desirable characteristics such as insensitivity to knowledge of stator resistance, and does not use pure integrations. However, it has been shown that the algorithm does not operate stably under regeneration conditions, which has been the main reason that it has not seen much application. This paper investigates the reasons behind this instability, and then develops a solution approach.

 
   Mobile Robot Localization using Local Occupancy Grid Maps Transformations 
 By Lejla Banjanovic-Mehmedovic, Ivan Petrovic, Edouard Ivanjko 
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Abstract: Mobile robot localization is the problem of determining the pose (position and orientation) of a mobile robot under complex measurement uncertainties. The algorithm introduced here is based on the modified multiple model and exploits a soft gating of the measurements to reduce the computational requirements of the approach. The position part is based on an x and y histograms scan matching procedure, where x and y histograms are extracted directly from local occupancy grid maps using probability scalar transformation. The orientation part is based on the proposed obstacle vector transformation combined with polar histograms. Proposed algorithms are tested using a Pioneer 2DX mobile robot.

 
   Portable Three Phase Energy Consumption Acquisition System 
 By Alois Lang, Helmut Weiss 
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Abstract: Energy management becomes more and more important with respect to rapid increasing energy costs. Exact analysis of all installed electrical loads of a company is the basic requirement for starting and realising energysaving measures. The proposed cost-effective mobile portable measuring system is composed of a standard notebook with PCMCIA slot, a data acquisition PCMCIA card and signal interfaces for current and voltage. We can measure (active) power of all power lines in an electrical distribution network regardless of voltage and current waveforms. Standard harmonics contents in current and voltage do not influence accuracy. All measured data will be saved on disk during the time of monitoring. These data can be analysed and interpreted easily using analysis software like DIAdem or simply EXCEL.

 
   Position Calibration Techniques Comparison for Sensorless Controlled PMSM based on Variance Adjustment and Angle Regulation 
 By Ming Chuan Huang, Anthony J. Moses, Fatih E. Anayi 
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Abstract: This paper compares two types of position calibration techniques: angle PI regulation and stochastic variance adjustment applied in three state-estimation observers and flux-linkage observer for sensorless control Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Three types of state-estimation observers are Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Linear Kalman Filter (LKF) and Single Dimension Luenberger observer (SDL). Experimental result shows that the difference between various sensorless stateestimation techniques is decided by error calibration type.

 
   Power System Voltage Harmonic Identification using Kalman Filter 
 By Raul Alcaraz, Emilio J. Bueno, Santiago Cobreces, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Felipe Espinosa, S. Muyulema 
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Abstract: The intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads in industry and by consumers in general, has produced an increasing deterioration of the power systems voltage waveforms. The presence of harmonic distortion in power lines results in greater power losses in the distribution systems, interference problem in communication systems and, sometimes, in operation failures of electronics equipments. Owing to these problems and to preserve the power quality, the active filters are used for harmonic elimination. In this filters, a perfect harmonic identification is fundamental, therefore, nowadays many identification algorithms are available, such as, DFT, Fourier Series, ect. However, in this work a more robust algorithm based on Kalman filtering is presented. Also, several grid voltage models in state variable are shown, since the Kalman Filter needs a model of the evaluated system (in this case, of the grid). Moreover, the advantages of this method with respect to the most used technique, FFT, are commented.

 
   Real-Time Parameter Identification through Output Signal Processing based on the Preliminary Data Structurized 
 By Yury Kolokolov, Anna Monovskaya, Jose Ragot 
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Abstract: In the paper an approach to real-time identification of pulse energy conversion system (PECS) parameters is developed. The approach is based on the preliminary bifurcation analysis and geometrical interpretation of the fractal properties revealed in PECS dynamics. The approach has in aim to establishing of a functional dependence between both phase variable values measured and parameter values sought.

 
   Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine at Standstill and Low Speed 
 By Feng Zhao, Xuhui Wen, Shan Xue, Jinwen Gao 
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Abstract: The model of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is transformed to a novel format, which can be treated as a surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM). Based on the new form, novel methods for position estimation during standstill and low speed are presented for IPMSM drives. Carrier-Signal-injection is used; persistent, rotating current vector is injected into the plant. Novel carrier frequency image tracking techniques base on the Model Reference Adaptive Method are used, taking over filter method, to demodulate the position signal from high frequent current signals. This scheme can identify and track the orientation of the north pole of d or q axes quickly and accurately even when the rotor is at low speed and standstill, in spite of the speed is known and unknown. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of reliable and fast initial position estimation at standstill and low speed.

 
   Static and Dynamic Electric Behavior of Compact Fluorescent Lamps 
 By Gabriela Siqueira, Yaro Burian 
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Abstract: The electric behavior of compact fluorescent lamps is analysed. In static conditions the lamp has a nonlinear voltage-current characteristic. In dynamic conditions the lamp has a dynamic conductance related to the static conductance by a differential equation. The lamp is simulated in two different circuits: one with a series reactor and another with a series reactor and a small capacitor in parallel. Good concordance was obtained between the results from the theoretical model and experimentally verified.

 
   The Impact of the System Operating Point on the Accuracy of the AC Slip-Ring Motor Speed Estimation 
 By Alen Poljugan, Fetah Kolonic, Alojz Slutej 
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Abstract: An AC slip-ring motor speed estimation in the industrial crane control system is realized. Speed estimation is based on the rotor voltage frequency measurement. For the hardware implementation, ADMC300 DSP based unit is used. Speed estimation unit is included in the modular structure of the industrial crane control system. Authors investigate speed estimation algorithm solutions and implication of the system operating point on the estimation accuracy.