EPE Association: EPE 2005 - Topic 09-5a - DS: Synchronous electrical machines (PMSM, SRM)

EPE 2005 - Topic 09-5a - DS: Synchronous electrical machines (PMSM, SRM)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 09: ELECTRICAL MACHINES > EPE 2005 - Topic 09-5a - DS: Synchronous electrical machines (PMSM, SRM)

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   A Novel Multi-pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with SMC Bypass Core for Magnet Flux and SMC Field-pole Core with Toroidal Coil for Independent Field St
By KANO Yoshiaki; POLLOCK Charles; KOSAKA Takashi; MATSUI Nobuyuki [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine for the traction applica-tions in which both high torque capability at low speed and wide speed operating range are required. The origin of the proposed machine construction is from a hybrid stepper machine, but the uniqueness lies in the utilization of Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) as magnet flux bypass core and filed-pole core with toroidal coil. Because of the magnetically three-dimensional isotropic nature of SMC, the SMC-bypass core for magnet flux makes it possible to avoid unnecessary magnet mmf loss due to a passage through inter-lamination airgap. For the same reason, the SMC-field pole can deliver three-dimensional flux and the mmf of the fitted field toroidal coil can theoretically contribute to providing independent field strengthening/weakening capability. First, the rough design of the proposed machine based on an equivalent magnetic circuit analysis is described. Second, the performance prediction and the design refinement using 3D-FEM are demonstrated.

   AC drive without speed sensor
By PALACKY Petr; BRANDSTETTER Pavel; FISER Ondrej; BOZEK Michal [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the paper was described a method for speed and position estimation for the permanent magnet synchronous motor. By using monitored stator voltage, currents and Kalman observers, it is possible to implement high-dynamic-performance PMSM drives without position and speed sensors. TMS320C40 was applied for this purpose.

   Actions to increase the Cogging Torque and Effects of the increased Cogging torque to Permanent Magnet DC Motors
By MAIER Gerfried; BACHER Johann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper the cogging torque of an existing permanent magnet DC motor must be increased. Thus motors are frequently used in motor vehicles. In order to hold a position the motor must be under current, because in most cases the cogging torque is too small to keep the motor in position. The possibilities to decrease cogging torques are well known. Consequently in this case these facts become valid too, but the start and end of the design process is noticeable different. Therefore all steps to increase the cogging torque will be checked by basic theory. But this doesn’t say that the problem is described by analytic methods. In contrast the finite element program ANSYS® is a basic tool of this paper. The cogging torque is calculated by means of co-energy and not by the Maxwell stress tensor. The reasons are explained in this paper too.

   Analytic Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Dynamic Behavior of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine based Wind Energy Converter
By DAKYO Brayima; SAMBATRA Eric Jean Roy; BARAKAT Georges [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) directly coupled to the turbine of a stand alone wind energy converter (WEC). First, the model of each component constituting a stage of the conversion chain is proposed and implemented in Matlab environment. Then, based on simulation results, the dynamic behavior of the different components of the WEC is analysed with respect to the variations of random wind speed and electrical load. The simulation results are validated by experimental measurements performed with a Bergey BWC XL1 wind turbine.

   Design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor integrated in the wheel rim on wheelchairs
By LOVLI Edgar; SKJELLNES Tore; OVREBO Sigurd; LUND Richard; NILSSEN Robert; SKAAR Stev E. [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the design of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPM), with concentrated windings for wheelchair application. The AFPM is integrated in the wheel rims, ensuring a space saving solution. The design takes advantage of new material types like high grade permanent magnets, iron powder core material and epoxy for encapsulation and structural support. Wheelchair producers have tough demands on motor performance, which requires a rugged motor construction. High sidewalk edges and other everyday obstacles for wheelchair users require the motor to deliver short durations of high torque. The wheelchair is able to take turns from independently controlled motors, all operated from an onboard joystick remote control. Long operation time of the traction system is important to ensure the users comfort. Using a direct driven AFPM would remove gear solutions, and gives an overall higher efficiency. Hence, a longer operation time for the user is achieved.

   Multipole Doubly-Fed High-Torque Motor
By MESNAJEV A.; LEVIN N.; ZHIRAVETSKA Anastasia; RIBICKIS Leonids; PUGACHOV Vladislav [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Construction of a contactless high-torque motor with a high torque value at low rotational frequencies is considered. Primary and secondary windings are located on a stator and supplied from two power sources with close frequencies. In a winding less tooth rotor each tooth determines a pair of poles of the motor. In multipole fulfillment at low rotational speeds the torque of the motor is increased and the power consumption is decreased. The theoretical statements, developed in the paper, are confirmed by results of the experimental investigations.

   NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC MODELLING OF VECTOR CONTROLLED PM SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
By SUMNER Mark; ASHER Greg; BRADLEY Keith J.; GERADA Chris [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the application of Dynamic Reluctance Mesh Modelling techniques to Permanent Magnet (PM) machine drive modelling. The Dynamic Mesh Reluctance Model (DMRM) provides a mechanism for analysing the motor performance in significant detail, incorporating saturation and slotting effects without the slowness associated with Finite Element Modelling. This allows the integration of the power electronic converter and control algorithms within the machine model thus making it possible to investigate the implications of machine geometry on controlled drive operation. Modelling the drive system as a whole helps for optimised machine design for controlled drive operation. In this paper a detailed machine magnetic computational model is developed, able to simulate the PM machine’s behaviour under vector control. A 4KW PM synchronous machine is modelled using the DMRM and the results are validated using a finite element modelling software.

   Real-Time PMSM Rotor Position Estimator Based on Virtual HF InjectionMethod (VHFIM)
By ZIGMUND Branislav; FILKA Roman; SPANIK Pavol; DOBRUCKY Branislav [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with real-time estimation of PMSM rotor position, which is based on the new, virtual HF injection signal method. The main idea of that is subtraction of virtual injection voltage from real stator voltage. This voltage is acting on PMSM model and causes a virtual current response. After subtraction of acting model current from measured real stator current we obtain the virtual HF injection current signal, suitable for filtering and extracting of rotor position. On the end of the paper the simulation results of rotor position determination are given.

   Reducing Cogging Torque of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Bicycles
By IKEGAMI Kazuo; TOMIGASHI Yoshio; UETA Tetsuji; YOKOTANI Kazunori [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Reducing the cogging torque is important for electric bicycle motors. This paper describes a motor configuration for reducing the cogging torque in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) by focusing on the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions.First, it is confirmed that expanding the gap at the edge of stator teeth reduced the tangential stress on the rotor surface near the teeth edge so that only the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions was large, based on the electromagnetic field analysis. Next, a rotor configuration for reducing the cogging torque is considered by focusing on the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions. The generation of a balanced tangential stress was confirmed by adjusting the gap length and the magnetic saturation regions, and a low cogging torque was achieved. Moreover, testing using various prototype motors confirmed that the cogging torque was minimum when the tangential stress on the rotor was well balanced. This does not mean that simply increasing the gap length will reduce the cogging torque as the magnetic flux is reduced. Moreover, a low cogging torque of 2.5\% or less of the rated torque was achieved.

   Self-Excited Hybrid-Field Synchronous Motors, -- New Dynamic Mathematical Model and New Dynamic Vector Simulators --
By SHINNAKA Shinji [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a new well-organized dynamic mathematical model and new dynamic vector simulators for newly emerging self-excited hybrid-field synchronous motors (SelE-HFSM) that have rotor field by both permanent magnet and diode-shorted field winding. The proposed new mathematical model has the following completeness and generality: 1) it consists of three consistent basic equations such as circuit, torque-evolution and energy-transmission equations; 2) it deals with pole saliency and contains nonsaliency as a special case; 3) it is a dynamic model and contains static one as a special case; and 4) it is established in the general reference frame including the stator and rotor reference frames as special cases. The proposed new dynamic vector simulators are established in form of vector block diagram based on the new model. They have the following attractive features: 1) they succeed in realizing clear configurations with physically meaningful vector signals, which clearly show motor electromagnetic mechanism; 2) vector signals utilized as transfer signals between blocks are defined in the general reference frame; consequently, the simulators in the frame can be directly and easily reduced to the ones in the stator and rotor reference frames; 3) they are compact; and 4) required computational load is very small.

   Sensorless Control of Salient Pole PMSM Using a Low-Frequency Signal Injection
By ESKOLA Matti; TUUSA Heikki [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The low-frequency signal injection estimator is studied in the case of salient PMSM. If there is an error in the estimated position, the injected signal creates a torque oscillation and affects the back-emf. The oscillating back-emf can be used to track the position and speed. The saliency of the PMSM is a disturbance for the low frequency estimator. In this paper the effect of saliency is analysed in steady state and a simple method to compensate the saliency effect is proposed. The performance of the method is verified by measurements.

   The new construction of the low voltage electric machine for automotive industry
By DRESER Jan [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper deals with the new conception in the construction of the high speed synchronous machine with permanent magnet. This conception uses slotless stator winding and is especially usable for low voltage applications bacause of small number of turns in stator winding. One of these applications is the electric charger for the turbodiesel engine so called e-booster. The turbocharger used in current engines is bounded with the function of the turbodiesel engine and that is why it has bad dynamic characteristics. This machine, which is not chained with the system, helps to increase the dynamics of the whole engine.

   The use of pitch factor in calculations of AC-machines with concentrated windings
By BACHER Johann; KOeFLER HansjoeRg; MAIER Gerfried [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In AC-machines with concentrated, non-overlapping stator windings the calculation of the winding factor xi – especially the pitch factor – is difficult as the coil embraces only one tooth. This paper attempts to verify several pitch-factor-choices using an uncommon approach with finite element (FE) analysis. The results match good with classical analytical pitch factor calculation methods.

EPE 2005 - Topic 09-5a - DS: Synchronous electrical machines (PMSM, SRM)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2005 - Conference > EPE 2005 - Topic 09: ELECTRICAL MACHINES > EPE 2005 - Topic 09-5a - DS: Synchronous electrical machines (PMSM, SRM)
	[return to parent folder]

	A Novel Multi-pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with SMC Bypass Core for Magnet Flux and SMC Field-pole Core with Toroidal Coil for Independent Field St By KANO Yoshiaki; POLLOCK Charles; KOSAKA Takashi; MATSUI Nobuyuki	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a novel multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine for the traction applica-tions in which both high torque capability at low speed and wide speed operating range are required. The origin of the proposed machine construction is from a hybrid stepper machine, but the uniqueness lies in the utilization of Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) as magnet flux bypass core and filed-pole core with toroidal coil. Because of the magnetically three-dimensional isotropic nature of SMC, the SMC-bypass core for magnet flux makes it possible to avoid unnecessary magnet mmf loss due to a passage through inter-lamination airgap. For the same reason, the SMC-field pole can deliver three-dimensional flux and the mmf of the fitted field toroidal coil can theoretically contribute to providing independent field strengthening/weakening capability. First, the rough design of the proposed machine based on an equivalent magnetic circuit analysis is described. Second, the performance prediction and the design refinement using 3D-FEM are demonstrated.

	AC drive without speed sensor By PALACKY Petr; BRANDSTETTER Pavel; FISER Ondrej; BOZEK Michal	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the paper was described a method for speed and position estimation for the permanent magnet synchronous motor. By using monitored stator voltage, currents and Kalman observers, it is possible to implement high-dynamic-performance PMSM drives without position and speed sensors. TMS320C40 was applied for this purpose.

	Actions to increase the Cogging Torque and Effects of the increased Cogging torque to Permanent Magnet DC Motors By MAIER Gerfried; BACHER Johann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper the cogging torque of an existing permanent magnet DC motor must be increased. Thus motors are frequently used in motor vehicles. In order to hold a position the motor must be under current, because in most cases the cogging torque is too small to keep the motor in position. The possibilities to decrease cogging torques are well known. Consequently in this case these facts become valid too, but the start and end of the design process is noticeable different. Therefore all steps to increase the cogging torque will be checked by basic theory. But this doesn’t say that the problem is described by analytic methods. In contrast the finite element program ANSYS® is a basic tool of this paper. The cogging torque is calculated by means of co-energy and not by the Maxwell stress tensor. The reasons are explained in this paper too.

	Analytic Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Dynamic Behavior of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine based Wind Energy Converter By DAKYO Brayima; SAMBATRA Eric Jean Roy; BARAKAT Georges	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) directly coupled to the turbine of a stand alone wind energy converter (WEC). First, the model of each component constituting a stage of the conversion chain is proposed and implemented in Matlab environment. Then, based on simulation results, the dynamic behavior of the different components of the WEC is analysed with respect to the variations of random wind speed and electrical load. The simulation results are validated by experimental measurements performed with a Bergey BWC XL1 wind turbine.

	Design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor integrated in the wheel rim on wheelchairs By LOVLI Edgar; SKJELLNES Tore; OVREBO Sigurd; LUND Richard; NILSSEN Robert; SKAAR Stev E.	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the design of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPM), with concentrated windings for wheelchair application. The AFPM is integrated in the wheel rims, ensuring a space saving solution. The design takes advantage of new material types like high grade permanent magnets, iron powder core material and epoxy for encapsulation and structural support. Wheelchair producers have tough demands on motor performance, which requires a rugged motor construction. High sidewalk edges and other everyday obstacles for wheelchair users require the motor to deliver short durations of high torque. The wheelchair is able to take turns from independently controlled motors, all operated from an onboard joystick remote control. Long operation time of the traction system is important to ensure the users comfort. Using a direct driven AFPM would remove gear solutions, and gives an overall higher efficiency. Hence, a longer operation time for the user is achieved.

	Multipole Doubly-Fed High-Torque Motor By MESNAJEV A.; LEVIN N.; ZHIRAVETSKA Anastasia; RIBICKIS Leonids; PUGACHOV Vladislav	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Construction of a contactless high-torque motor with a high torque value at low rotational frequencies is considered. Primary and secondary windings are located on a stator and supplied from two power sources with close frequencies. In a winding less tooth rotor each tooth determines a pair of poles of the motor. In multipole fulfillment at low rotational speeds the torque of the motor is increased and the power consumption is decreased. The theoretical statements, developed in the paper, are confirmed by results of the experimental investigations.

	NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC MODELLING OF VECTOR CONTROLLED PM SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES By SUMNER Mark; ASHER Greg; BRADLEY Keith J.; GERADA Chris	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the application of Dynamic Reluctance Mesh Modelling techniques to Permanent Magnet (PM) machine drive modelling. The Dynamic Mesh Reluctance Model (DMRM) provides a mechanism for analysing the motor performance in significant detail, incorporating saturation and slotting effects without the slowness associated with Finite Element Modelling. This allows the integration of the power electronic converter and control algorithms within the machine model thus making it possible to investigate the implications of machine geometry on controlled drive operation. Modelling the drive system as a whole helps for optimised machine design for controlled drive operation. In this paper a detailed machine magnetic computational model is developed, able to simulate the PM machine’s behaviour under vector control. A 4KW PM synchronous machine is modelled using the DMRM and the results are validated using a finite element modelling software.

	Real-Time PMSM Rotor Position Estimator Based on Virtual HF InjectionMethod (VHFIM) By ZIGMUND Branislav; FILKA Roman; SPANIK Pavol; DOBRUCKY Branislav	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with real-time estimation of PMSM rotor position, which is based on the new, virtual HF injection signal method. The main idea of that is subtraction of virtual injection voltage from real stator voltage. This voltage is acting on PMSM model and causes a virtual current response. After subtraction of acting model current from measured real stator current we obtain the virtual HF injection current signal, suitable for filtering and extracting of rotor position. On the end of the paper the simulation results of rotor position determination are given.

	Reducing Cogging Torque of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Bicycles By IKEGAMI Kazuo; TOMIGASHI Yoshio; UETA Tetsuji; YOKOTANI Kazunori	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Reducing the cogging torque is important for electric bicycle motors. This paper describes a motor configuration for reducing the cogging torque in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) by focusing on the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions.First, it is confirmed that expanding the gap at the edge of stator teeth reduced the tangential stress on the rotor surface near the teeth edge so that only the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions was large, based on the electromagnetic field analysis. Next, a rotor configuration for reducing the cogging torque is considered by focusing on the tangential stress in the magnetic saturation regions. The generation of a balanced tangential stress was confirmed by adjusting the gap length and the magnetic saturation regions, and a low cogging torque was achieved. Moreover, testing using various prototype motors confirmed that the cogging torque was minimum when the tangential stress on the rotor was well balanced. This does not mean that simply increasing the gap length will reduce the cogging torque as the magnetic flux is reduced. Moreover, a low cogging torque of 2.5\% or less of the rated torque was achieved.

	Self-Excited Hybrid-Field Synchronous Motors, -- New Dynamic Mathematical Model and New Dynamic Vector Simulators -- By SHINNAKA Shinji	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a new well-organized dynamic mathematical model and new dynamic vector simulators for newly emerging self-excited hybrid-field synchronous motors (SelE-HFSM) that have rotor field by both permanent magnet and diode-shorted field winding. The proposed new mathematical model has the following completeness and generality: 1) it consists of three consistent basic equations such as circuit, torque-evolution and energy-transmission equations; 2) it deals with pole saliency and contains nonsaliency as a special case; 3) it is a dynamic model and contains static one as a special case; and 4) it is established in the general reference frame including the stator and rotor reference frames as special cases. The proposed new dynamic vector simulators are established in form of vector block diagram based on the new model. They have the following attractive features: 1) they succeed in realizing clear configurations with physically meaningful vector signals, which clearly show motor electromagnetic mechanism; 2) vector signals utilized as transfer signals between blocks are defined in the general reference frame; consequently, the simulators in the frame can be directly and easily reduced to the ones in the stator and rotor reference frames; 3) they are compact; and 4) required computational load is very small.

	Sensorless Control of Salient Pole PMSM Using a Low-Frequency Signal Injection By ESKOLA Matti; TUUSA Heikki	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The low-frequency signal injection estimator is studied in the case of salient PMSM. If there is an error in the estimated position, the injected signal creates a torque oscillation and affects the back-emf. The oscillating back-emf can be used to track the position and speed. The saliency of the PMSM is a disturbance for the low frequency estimator. In this paper the effect of saliency is analysed in steady state and a simple method to compensate the saliency effect is proposed. The performance of the method is verified by measurements.

	The new construction of the low voltage electric machine for automotive industry By DRESER Jan	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper deals with the new conception in the construction of the high speed synchronous machine with permanent magnet. This conception uses slotless stator winding and is especially usable for low voltage applications bacause of small number of turns in stator winding. One of these applications is the electric charger for the turbodiesel engine so called e-booster. The turbocharger used in current engines is bounded with the function of the turbodiesel engine and that is why it has bad dynamic characteristics. This machine, which is not chained with the system, helps to increase the dynamics of the whole engine.

	The use of pitch factor in calculations of AC-machines with concentrated windings By BACHER Johann; KOeFLER HansjoeRg; MAIER Gerfried	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In AC-machines with concentrated, non-overlapping stator windings the calculation of the winding factor xi – especially the pitch factor – is difficult as the coil embraces only one tooth. This paper attempts to verify several pitch-factor-choices using an uncommon approach with finite element (FE) analysis. The results match good with classical analytical pitch factor calculation methods.