EPE Association: Pelincec 2005 - 10: Dialog I - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

Pelincec 2005 - 10: Dialog I - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
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   The Estimator of Electromechanical Subsystem in Application to the Adaptive DC Motor Drive
By Dariusz Swierczynski, Marcin Zelechowski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper the new version of the estimator of electromechanical subsystem is described. The difference between the previous estimators and this version of estimator is that this estimator works on the rotor position and the reference rotor current. The outputs of the estimator are: the estimated load current used for compensate of load, the estimated inertia coefficient used for adaptation to the moment of inertia and the estimated angular speed featuring gained quality. The application of the estimator of electromechanical subsystem to the adaptive dc drive caused the improvement of the regulation quality. The lack of over-regulation, the high resistance to load changes and the adaptation to the actual moment of inertia are obtained.

   Design for Direct Torque Controlled Space Vector Modulated (DTC-SVM) Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
By D. Swierczynski; M. Zelechowski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper method of digital PI controllers for direct torque controlled–space vector modulated (DTC-SVM) Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SPMSM) drives has been studied. The approach takes into account the full model of the SPMSM and uses analyses in discrete domain. Some simulated and experimental oscillograms that illustrate properties of the presented controller design method are shown.

   New Method of Direct Reactive Energy and Torque Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
By Michal Janaszek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The new control method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is presented. Balance of power in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is based on conservation of energy law. Space vector theory determined by instantaneous value of phase quantities is applied in mathematical analysis. It makes possible the estimation instantaneous values: reactive energy and electromagnetic torque. Presented control method is flux-oriented method; it synchronizes current vector in relation to stator flux vector. New structure control system as well as block diagram containing all basic elements and operating modes of specific blocks are described. Simulation studies and experimental researches for two kinds of motors: PMSM and BLDC were performed based on the dSPACE development system DS1103.

   Braking of PM BLDC Motor with Variable Structure of Electronic Commutator
By K. Krykowski, A. Bodora [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Idle speed of PM BLDC motor supplied from half-bridge-structure electronic commutator is twice as high as idle speed of the same motor supplied from bridgestructure electronic commutator. This drive characteristic has been used to extend PM BLDC motor speed range. Putting additional three diodes, one fully-controlled electronic valve such as MOSFET transistor and capacitor buffer [2], [3], [4] into half-bridge commutator, a variablestructure commutator has been constructed, which makes possible doubling motor speed range. The diode in current flow path does not allow current to flow back into the supply source. This circuit does not, therefore, make recuperative braking possible. However, it has been proved in the paper that with adequate control algorithm applied to the bridge elements, it is possible to achieve recuperative braking both in the range of speeds corresponding to halfbridge structure and full-bridge structure of electronic commutator.

   Rotor Position Measurement with Electromagnetic Resolver for Motor Drives
By Drazen Dujic, Darko Ostojic, Vladimir Katic [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with methods for a rotor position measurement with electromagnetic resolver in motor drives. Angle-tracking observer and trigonometric method of rotor angle estimation with use of an ADMC401 DSP board are considered. Based on the laboratory rig of a vector controlled motor drive with permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), two methods of the measurement are examined and compared.

   Parameter Independent Encoderless Control of Servo Drives without Additional Hardware Components
By Ralph Kennel, Oscar Cabral Ferreira, Pawel Szczupak [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A lot of methods for sensorless drive control have been published last years for synchronous and asynchronous machines. One of the approaches uses high frequency carrier injection for position control. The injected high frequency signal is controlled to remain in alignment with the saliency produced by the saturation of the main flux. Due to the fact that it does not use the fundamental machine model which fails at standstill of the magnetic field it is possible to control the drive even at zero speed. In spite of this obvious advantage industry does not apply sensorless control in their products. This is due to the dependency of many published methods on physical parameters of the machine. The high frequency carrier injection method presented in this paper does not need to have exact machine parameters and it can be used for machines where there is only a very small rotor anisotropy like in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (SMPMSM)[3]. Standard drives usually are supplied by a 6-pulse diode rectifier. Due to new European Directives concerning the harmonic content in the mains it is expected that the use of controlled pulse-width modulated PWM rectifiers will be enforced in the future [1]. Important advantage of this type of rectifiers is the regeneration of the energy back to the grid. Another benefit are low harmonics in comparison to diode rectifiers. Using one of many control methods published so far it is also possible to achieve almost unity power factor. However, in these methods voltage sensors are necessary to synchronize PWM rectifiers with the mains. Therefore they are not very popular in the industry with respect to the cost and the lack of reliability. Recently a control method was proposed which is based on a tracking scheme. It does not need any voltage sensor on the ac-side of the rectifier and it does not need to know accurate parameters of the system. This paper presents the control solution for a cheap, industry friendly (no additional hardware and installation effort) drive system. The phase tracking method for control of electrical drive and PWM rectifier is described. Encouraging experimental results are shown.

   Experimental identification of disturbance forces effecting permanent magnet linear motors
By Jacek Kabziñski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We discuss some methods of experimental identification of disturbance forces effecting permanent magnet linear motors. The nature of these forces is presented shortly. We concentrate on “observer-based parameter identifiers” (OPI) method, which originates from general adaptive control theory and fuzzy approximation. Numerical examples are provided.

   New Approach to Rotor Position Detection Algorithm of The BLDC Motor
By Yong-Ho Yoon, Yuen-Chung Kim, Jae-Moon Kim, Chung-Yuen Won, Kee-Hwan Kim [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents particular methods for deployment of the sensorless Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) motor drive system. The waveform of the motor internal voltages (or back emf) contains fundamental and higher order frequency harmonics. Therefore the third harmonic component is extracted from the stator phase voltage. The resulting third harmonic signal maintains a constant phase relationship with the rotor flux at any motor speed and load condition. In addition, in this paper, a simple starting method and speed estimation approach are also proposed. Experimental results are provided, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.

   EKF estimation of mechanical quantities for drive with PM Synchronous Motor
By Dariusz Janiszewski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with project and realization of the sensorless control drive with permanent magnet synchronous motor. The estimator of the shaft position, speed and load torque bases on Extended Kalman Filter. Observer allows to avoid position, speed sensor, as well as load force detector as well. Such observer structure is implemented on a DSP system. During the experimental verification, it is concentrated on behavior of control system with estimator in result of friction load torque changing. Presented results show good properties of proposed observer.

   PIPCRM METHOD OF SENSORLESS CONTROL START OF THE PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR
By Piotr Jakubowski, Wlodzimierz Koczara, Nazar Al.-Khayat [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents the method of poles position identification of the axial flux permanent magnet machine at zero and low speed. A sensorless method is applied for starting the motor in the demanded direction. The axial flux motor is a new machine which possesses a large number of poles. The derived Poles Position Identification by Parallel Current Rate Measurement i.e. PIPCRM method is simple and requires only one test before the driving current is provided. The paper presents the theory of the proposed poles position identification. The theory have been proved by laboratory tests on 40kW/3000rpm/16 poles axial flux permanent magnet motor operating as a brushless DC drive.

   Study of Line Start up Performances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
By Valery I. Chrisanov, Sebastian Szkolny [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper reports the line start up performances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) with hybrid rotor design in the form of permanent magnet and squirrel cage integration. There are three parts in the paper: the first one is the survey of Line Start PMSM (LSPMSM) mathematical models, results of theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental research focused in the first turn on instantaneous starting torque problems. The next part is dealt with start up performances and is resulted in the important conclusion concerning a new approach to the effective start up process formation. The last part is devoted to the design of a soft starter consisted of a power direct converter with small number of thyristors and of the intelligent control system based on fuzzy logic controller. Torque performances of the hybrid PMSM during the controlled start up are presented and discussed.

Pelincec 2005 - 10: Dialog I - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 05 - EPE Supported Conference Proceedings > Pelincec 2005 > Pelincec 2005 - 10: Dialog I - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
	[return to parent folder]

	The Estimator of Electromechanical Subsystem in Application to the Adaptive DC Motor Drive By Dariusz Swierczynski, Marcin Zelechowski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper the new version of the estimator of electromechanical subsystem is described. The difference between the previous estimators and this version of estimator is that this estimator works on the rotor position and the reference rotor current. The outputs of the estimator are: the estimated load current used for compensate of load, the estimated inertia coefficient used for adaptation to the moment of inertia and the estimated angular speed featuring gained quality. The application of the estimator of electromechanical subsystem to the adaptive dc drive caused the improvement of the regulation quality. The lack of over-regulation, the high resistance to load changes and the adaptation to the actual moment of inertia are obtained.

	Design for Direct Torque Controlled Space Vector Modulated (DTC-SVM) Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives By D. Swierczynski; M. Zelechowski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper method of digital PI controllers for direct torque controlled–space vector modulated (DTC-SVM) Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SPMSM) drives has been studied. The approach takes into account the full model of the SPMSM and uses analyses in discrete domain. Some simulated and experimental oscillograms that illustrate properties of the presented controller design method are shown.

	New Method of Direct Reactive Energy and Torque Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor By Michal Janaszek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The new control method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is presented. Balance of power in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is based on conservation of energy law. Space vector theory determined by instantaneous value of phase quantities is applied in mathematical analysis. It makes possible the estimation instantaneous values: reactive energy and electromagnetic torque. Presented control method is flux-oriented method; it synchronizes current vector in relation to stator flux vector. New structure control system as well as block diagram containing all basic elements and operating modes of specific blocks are described. Simulation studies and experimental researches for two kinds of motors: PMSM and BLDC were performed based on the dSPACE development system DS1103.

	Braking of PM BLDC Motor with Variable Structure of Electronic Commutator By K. Krykowski, A. Bodora	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Idle speed of PM BLDC motor supplied from half-bridge-structure electronic commutator is twice as high as idle speed of the same motor supplied from bridgestructure electronic commutator. This drive characteristic has been used to extend PM BLDC motor speed range. Putting additional three diodes, one fully-controlled electronic valve such as MOSFET transistor and capacitor buffer [2], [3], [4] into half-bridge commutator, a variablestructure commutator has been constructed, which makes possible doubling motor speed range. The diode in current flow path does not allow current to flow back into the supply source. This circuit does not, therefore, make recuperative braking possible. However, it has been proved in the paper that with adequate control algorithm applied to the bridge elements, it is possible to achieve recuperative braking both in the range of speeds corresponding to halfbridge structure and full-bridge structure of electronic commutator.

	Rotor Position Measurement with Electromagnetic Resolver for Motor Drives By Drazen Dujic, Darko Ostojic, Vladimir Katic	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with methods for a rotor position measurement with electromagnetic resolver in motor drives. Angle-tracking observer and trigonometric method of rotor angle estimation with use of an ADMC401 DSP board are considered. Based on the laboratory rig of a vector controlled motor drive with permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), two methods of the measurement are examined and compared.

	Parameter Independent Encoderless Control of Servo Drives without Additional Hardware Components By Ralph Kennel, Oscar Cabral Ferreira, Pawel Szczupak	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A lot of methods for sensorless drive control have been published last years for synchronous and asynchronous machines. One of the approaches uses high frequency carrier injection for position control. The injected high frequency signal is controlled to remain in alignment with the saliency produced by the saturation of the main flux. Due to the fact that it does not use the fundamental machine model which fails at standstill of the magnetic field it is possible to control the drive even at zero speed. In spite of this obvious advantage industry does not apply sensorless control in their products. This is due to the dependency of many published methods on physical parameters of the machine. The high frequency carrier injection method presented in this paper does not need to have exact machine parameters and it can be used for machines where there is only a very small rotor anisotropy like in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (SMPMSM)[3]. Standard drives usually are supplied by a 6-pulse diode rectifier. Due to new European Directives concerning the harmonic content in the mains it is expected that the use of controlled pulse-width modulated PWM rectifiers will be enforced in the future [1]. Important advantage of this type of rectifiers is the regeneration of the energy back to the grid. Another benefit are low harmonics in comparison to diode rectifiers. Using one of many control methods published so far it is also possible to achieve almost unity power factor. However, in these methods voltage sensors are necessary to synchronize PWM rectifiers with the mains. Therefore they are not very popular in the industry with respect to the cost and the lack of reliability. Recently a control method was proposed which is based on a tracking scheme. It does not need any voltage sensor on the ac-side of the rectifier and it does not need to know accurate parameters of the system. This paper presents the control solution for a cheap, industry friendly (no additional hardware and installation effort) drive system. The phase tracking method for control of electrical drive and PWM rectifier is described. Encouraging experimental results are shown.

	Experimental identification of disturbance forces effecting permanent magnet linear motors By Jacek Kabziñski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We discuss some methods of experimental identification of disturbance forces effecting permanent magnet linear motors. The nature of these forces is presented shortly. We concentrate on “observer-based parameter identifiers” (OPI) method, which originates from general adaptive control theory and fuzzy approximation. Numerical examples are provided.

	New Approach to Rotor Position Detection Algorithm of The BLDC Motor By Yong-Ho Yoon, Yuen-Chung Kim, Jae-Moon Kim, Chung-Yuen Won, Kee-Hwan Kim	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents particular methods for deployment of the sensorless Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) motor drive system. The waveform of the motor internal voltages (or back emf) contains fundamental and higher order frequency harmonics. Therefore the third harmonic component is extracted from the stator phase voltage. The resulting third harmonic signal maintains a constant phase relationship with the rotor flux at any motor speed and load condition. In addition, in this paper, a simple starting method and speed estimation approach are also proposed. Experimental results are provided, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.

	EKF estimation of mechanical quantities for drive with PM Synchronous Motor By Dariusz Janiszewski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with project and realization of the sensorless control drive with permanent magnet synchronous motor. The estimator of the shaft position, speed and load torque bases on Extended Kalman Filter. Observer allows to avoid position, speed sensor, as well as load force detector as well. Such observer structure is implemented on a DSP system. During the experimental verification, it is concentrated on behavior of control system with estimator in result of friction load torque changing. Presented results show good properties of proposed observer.

	PIPCRM METHOD OF SENSORLESS CONTROL START OF THE PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR By Piotr Jakubowski, Wlodzimierz Koczara, Nazar Al.-Khayat	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents the method of poles position identification of the axial flux permanent magnet machine at zero and low speed. A sensorless method is applied for starting the motor in the demanded direction. The axial flux motor is a new machine which possesses a large number of poles. The derived Poles Position Identification by Parallel Current Rate Measurement i.e. PIPCRM method is simple and requires only one test before the driving current is provided. The paper presents the theory of the proposed poles position identification. The theory have been proved by laboratory tests on 40kW/3000rpm/16 poles axial flux permanent magnet motor operating as a brushless DC drive.

	Study of Line Start up Performances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines By Valery I. Chrisanov, Sebastian Szkolny	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper reports the line start up performances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) with hybrid rotor design in the form of permanent magnet and squirrel cage integration. There are three parts in the paper: the first one is the survey of Line Start PMSM (LSPMSM) mathematical models, results of theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental research focused in the first turn on instantaneous starting torque problems. The next part is dealt with start up performances and is resulted in the important conclusion concerning a new approach to the effective start up process formation. The last part is devoted to the design of a soft starter consisted of a power direct converter with small number of thyristors and of the intelligent control system based on fuzzy logic controller. Torque performances of the hybrid PMSM during the controlled start up are presented and discussed.