EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 11d: Energy Sources Control and Management

EPE 2003 - Topic 11d: Energy Sources Control and Management
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 11: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2003 - Topic 11d: Energy Sources Control and Management

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   Power-electronic interface for a supercapacitor-based energy-storage substantion in DC-transportation networks
By A. Rufer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A Power-electronic interface for supercapacitive-storage based substation in DC-transportation networks is proposed, which allows to feed as a current-source in any voltage conditions of the line. The system has been designed as a compensation-substation to be placed at weak points like end-of-line stations, and can replace supplementary feeding substations. A dedicated power-electronic converter with associated control system is proposed, for the stabilization of the voltage level at the point of coupling. Practical results are also presented, which have been recorded from a reduced scale prototype.

   SAFT supercapacitors cell and batteries tested in a four wheel-drive vehicle
By P. Desprez; G. Barrailh; P. Lavaur; M. Bariand; C. Jehoulet; S. Raël; B. Davat [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Supercapacitors (SC) are storage devices dedicated to high power requirements. Two SC batteries were designed and built to demonstrate the new possibilities offered by the technology. They will be integrated in a four wheel-drive vehicle. Each battery, containing 108 SAFT 3500F SC cells in series, provides 60 kW during 10 seconds to the application. Nominal characteristics of the batteries are a maximum voltage of 270 V, a capacitance of 32.4 F and an internal resistance of 54 mOhm. The batteries integrate thermal and electronic management to enhance their practical power and their lifetime. SAFT proprietary electronic management also optimises the charge dynamic of SC batteries. Batteries performances are demonstrated by electrical tests.

   Energy strategy and optimisation on hybrid light rail vehicle
By L. Nicod [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Coppace is an R&D project that evaluates the interest of using fuel cells with an Energy Storage System (ESS) in hybrid tramways. Choose the power ratio between the fuel cell, the ESS and the energy strategy need to optimize under constraints a multivariable function. This paper resumes the project.

   Hybrid power source using supercapacitors and batteries
By M.Y.Ayad; S.Raël; B.Davat [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Recent developments in the field of supercapacitors have led to the achievement of high specific and high power density devices. Due to capacitances of several hundred farads and serial resistances of less than one milliohm, these new components are suitable for energy storage in high power electronic applications, especially in the field of management of embarked electrical power sources (hybrid power sources, energy recovery). This paper deals with the conception and the achievement of an hybrid power source using supercapacitors and batteries. Our interest will be focussed on the stability of the studied system as well as on the management of transient power peaks.

   Energy optimization of a fuel cell generator: modelling and experimental results
By M. Tekin; D. Hissel; M-C. Pera; J-M. Kauffmann [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with fuel cell system developments for transportation applications. It presents the motor-compressor group modelling and describes its variable speed control considering air supply of a 5kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Indeed, variable speed control of the motorcompressor group is one of the most important steps considering energy optimization of a fuel cell generator. All simulations have been performed using Matlab/Simulink® environment. Experimental results obtained on a dedicated test bench are also presented.

   Modelling and control of a fuel cell system for electrical rail transport
By J. Lachaize; M. Fadel; S. Caux; P. Shott; L. Nicod [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The used of fuel cell in high power train can not be made without problems. That’s why we have realised this project in order to detect and resolve some of these problems. This study shows that the actual fuel cell can not supply all the power demand so we must complete the fuel cell with energy storage system like Battery, fly wheel, or supercaps. In our application we have consider the supercaps sources. Moreover this energy storage system is able to absorb the braking energy, like that we can reduced the consumption of the vehicle. We have modelled the fuel cell and realised the control of each auxiliaries which composed the fuel cell system. The aim of this study part is to see the limitations and the operations of the fuel cell system in order to adapt the strategy control of the vehicle to the fuel cell physical requirement. So we study each choppers which composed the power train. We have realised the control of them in order to satisfy an energy management strategy. After we have realised a global simulator environment. Simulations show that the control structure chosen can apply and validate the energy management strategy.

   Inductive charge system for assembly plant shuttles
By I. Stefanini; P. Germano; L. Cardoletti; W. Montella; Y. Perriard

Abstract: Usually, in assembly plants, shuttles are supplied by brushes. Although the method is not expansive, many drawbacks appear for high requirement applications. In medical/pharmaceutical and semiconductor application fields, some constraints are unavoidable: e.g. human intervention or maintenance must be kept to the minimal levels; ambient air pollution with particles must be low or inexistent. This leads to use an inductive charge system. As for technical and economical reasons the charge process must be located in restricted areas, energy storage devices are used on the shuttles. For the shuttles, energy flows have to be well managed in order to work properly. An optimisation tool and a modelling will help to manage energy flows and place the right number of charge stations at the right places regarding to the shuttle electrical consumption.

   A 60V-400A test bench for supercapacitor modules
By P. Bartholomeüs; B. Vulturescu; X. Pierre; N. Rizoug; P. Le Moigne [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with a test bench for high power supercapacitor modules. The purpose of this system is to test supercapacitor modules in conditions similar to industrial applications’ ones. The objectives of this work are exposed, after which the constitutive parts of the test bench are described. This device is composed of two supercapacitor modules, of power converters which allow for the control of the energy transit and of a data acquisition system which permits the process supervision, the acquisition and storage of the measured data. The first experimental cycles of charge and discharge are presented and used to measure the influence of the cycling process on the voltage dispersion of the elements of the supercapacitor module.

   A high-power DC-DC converter, employing synchronous rectification of parrallel MOSFET devices, for use as an electric vehicle battery-to-supercapactor interface
By B.P. Taylor; A.J. Brown; D.A. Stone; N. Schofield [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper discusses the design of a high power, synchronously rectified, bi-directional, boost dc-dc converter that acts to interface the lead-acid traction batteries and supercapacitor peak power buffers of an electric vehicle drive-train. The paper presents the dc-dc converter design methodology, and thermal power loss analysis, employed to evaluate the selected dc-dc converter topology, and determine the minimum number of paralleled MOSFET devices required for each switching cluster. Furthermore, a coupled thermal and electrical model is used to analyse the behaviour of the parallel path currents within a synchronously rectified switching cluster. Using this model it is possible to investigate the effects of on-state device parameter variations on the current sharing between paralleled, synchronously rectified MOSFET devices, and hence optimise the number of paralleled devices, to ensure correct operation with non-uniform current sharing between device diodes.

   Predictive control for energy management in all/more electric vehicles with multiple energy storage units
By M. J. West, C. M. Bingham, N. Schofield [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper describes the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodologies to a laboratory based electric vehicle traction system incorporating a super-capacitor peak power buffer, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid traction battery, high efficiency permanent magnet traction machine, and power conversion electronics. Particular emphasis is given to the co-ordinated management of energy flow from the multiple on-board power/energy sources to address issues of extended vehicle range and battery life-time for electric vehicle drive-trains, whilst accommodating operational constraints and, ultimately, generic non-standard driving cycles. The paper considers the case of an all –electric drive-train however, the techniques are also applicable to hybrid or more-electric drive-train topologies.

   Experimental comparison of two hybridization strategies for ESS-battery association in heavy duty electric vehicles
By O. Briat; J.M. Vinassa; W. Lajnef; S. Azzopardi; C. Zardini [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the validation of a hybrid source for heavy duty electric vehicles. It is based on an Electromechanical Storage System (ESS) and a battery association. This combination is based on a hybridization strategy which takes advantage to control capabilities of the ESS unit. An experimental test bench on a reduced scale of power has been designed and realized to validate this principle. After accuracy and representativeness verification, the hybrid source has been integrated into the bench. Then, it has allowed to compare two opposite hybridization strategies for the same typical mission profile of the vehicle. Significant results are presented and discussed in order to evaluate the benefits of this solution.

EPE 2003 - Topic 11d: Energy Sources Control and Management
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 11: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES IN SURFACE TRANSPORT > EPE 2003 - Topic 11d: Energy Sources Control and Management
	[return to parent folder]

	Power-electronic interface for a supercapacitor-based energy-storage substantion in DC-transportation networks By A. Rufer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A Power-electronic interface for supercapacitive-storage based substation in DC-transportation networks is proposed, which allows to feed as a current-source in any voltage conditions of the line. The system has been designed as a compensation-substation to be placed at weak points like end-of-line stations, and can replace supplementary feeding substations. A dedicated power-electronic converter with associated control system is proposed, for the stabilization of the voltage level at the point of coupling. Practical results are also presented, which have been recorded from a reduced scale prototype.

	SAFT supercapacitors cell and batteries tested in a four wheel-drive vehicle By P. Desprez; G. Barrailh; P. Lavaur; M. Bariand; C. Jehoulet; S. Raël; B. Davat	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Supercapacitors (SC) are storage devices dedicated to high power requirements. Two SC batteries were designed and built to demonstrate the new possibilities offered by the technology. They will be integrated in a four wheel-drive vehicle. Each battery, containing 108 SAFT 3500F SC cells in series, provides 60 kW during 10 seconds to the application. Nominal characteristics of the batteries are a maximum voltage of 270 V, a capacitance of 32.4 F and an internal resistance of 54 mOhm. The batteries integrate thermal and electronic management to enhance their practical power and their lifetime. SAFT proprietary electronic management also optimises the charge dynamic of SC batteries. Batteries performances are demonstrated by electrical tests.

	Energy strategy and optimisation on hybrid light rail vehicle By L. Nicod	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Coppace is an R&D project that evaluates the interest of using fuel cells with an Energy Storage System (ESS) in hybrid tramways. Choose the power ratio between the fuel cell, the ESS and the energy strategy need to optimize under constraints a multivariable function. This paper resumes the project.

	Hybrid power source using supercapacitors and batteries By M.Y.Ayad; S.Raël; B.Davat	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Recent developments in the field of supercapacitors have led to the achievement of high specific and high power density devices. Due to capacitances of several hundred farads and serial resistances of less than one milliohm, these new components are suitable for energy storage in high power electronic applications, especially in the field of management of embarked electrical power sources (hybrid power sources, energy recovery). This paper deals with the conception and the achievement of an hybrid power source using supercapacitors and batteries. Our interest will be focussed on the stability of the studied system as well as on the management of transient power peaks.

	Energy optimization of a fuel cell generator: modelling and experimental results By M. Tekin; D. Hissel; M-C. Pera; J-M. Kauffmann	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with fuel cell system developments for transportation applications. It presents the motor-compressor group modelling and describes its variable speed control considering air supply of a 5kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Indeed, variable speed control of the motorcompressor group is one of the most important steps considering energy optimization of a fuel cell generator. All simulations have been performed using Matlab/Simulink® environment. Experimental results obtained on a dedicated test bench are also presented.

	Modelling and control of a fuel cell system for electrical rail transport By J. Lachaize; M. Fadel; S. Caux; P. Shott; L. Nicod	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The used of fuel cell in high power train can not be made without problems. That’s why we have realised this project in order to detect and resolve some of these problems. This study shows that the actual fuel cell can not supply all the power demand so we must complete the fuel cell with energy storage system like Battery, fly wheel, or supercaps. In our application we have consider the supercaps sources. Moreover this energy storage system is able to absorb the braking energy, like that we can reduced the consumption of the vehicle. We have modelled the fuel cell and realised the control of each auxiliaries which composed the fuel cell system. The aim of this study part is to see the limitations and the operations of the fuel cell system in order to adapt the strategy control of the vehicle to the fuel cell physical requirement. So we study each choppers which composed the power train. We have realised the control of them in order to satisfy an energy management strategy. After we have realised a global simulator environment. Simulations show that the control structure chosen can apply and validate the energy management strategy.

	Inductive charge system for assembly plant shuttles By I. Stefanini; P. Germano; L. Cardoletti; W. Montella; Y. Perriard
Abstract: Usually, in assembly plants, shuttles are supplied by brushes. Although the method is not expansive, many drawbacks appear for high requirement applications. In medical/pharmaceutical and semiconductor application fields, some constraints are unavoidable: e.g. human intervention or maintenance must be kept to the minimal levels; ambient air pollution with particles must be low or inexistent. This leads to use an inductive charge system. As for technical and economical reasons the charge process must be located in restricted areas, energy storage devices are used on the shuttles. For the shuttles, energy flows have to be well managed in order to work properly. An optimisation tool and a modelling will help to manage energy flows and place the right number of charge stations at the right places regarding to the shuttle electrical consumption.

	A 60V-400A test bench for supercapacitor modules By P. Bartholomeüs; B. Vulturescu; X. Pierre; N. Rizoug; P. Le Moigne	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with a test bench for high power supercapacitor modules. The purpose of this system is to test supercapacitor modules in conditions similar to industrial applications’ ones. The objectives of this work are exposed, after which the constitutive parts of the test bench are described. This device is composed of two supercapacitor modules, of power converters which allow for the control of the energy transit and of a data acquisition system which permits the process supervision, the acquisition and storage of the measured data. The first experimental cycles of charge and discharge are presented and used to measure the influence of the cycling process on the voltage dispersion of the elements of the supercapacitor module.

	A high-power DC-DC converter, employing synchronous rectification of parrallel MOSFET devices, for use as an electric vehicle battery-to-supercapactor interface By B.P. Taylor; A.J. Brown; D.A. Stone; N. Schofield	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper discusses the design of a high power, synchronously rectified, bi-directional, boost dc-dc converter that acts to interface the lead-acid traction batteries and supercapacitor peak power buffers of an electric vehicle drive-train. The paper presents the dc-dc converter design methodology, and thermal power loss analysis, employed to evaluate the selected dc-dc converter topology, and determine the minimum number of paralleled MOSFET devices required for each switching cluster. Furthermore, a coupled thermal and electrical model is used to analyse the behaviour of the parallel path currents within a synchronously rectified switching cluster. Using this model it is possible to investigate the effects of on-state device parameter variations on the current sharing between paralleled, synchronously rectified MOSFET devices, and hence optimise the number of paralleled devices, to ensure correct operation with non-uniform current sharing between device diodes.

	Predictive control for energy management in all/more electric vehicles with multiple energy storage units By M. J. West, C. M. Bingham, N. Schofield	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodologies to a laboratory based electric vehicle traction system incorporating a super-capacitor peak power buffer, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid traction battery, high efficiency permanent magnet traction machine, and power conversion electronics. Particular emphasis is given to the co-ordinated management of energy flow from the multiple on-board power/energy sources to address issues of extended vehicle range and battery life-time for electric vehicle drive-trains, whilst accommodating operational constraints and, ultimately, generic non-standard driving cycles. The paper considers the case of an all –electric drive-train however, the techniques are also applicable to hybrid or more-electric drive-train topologies.

	Experimental comparison of two hybridization strategies for ESS-battery association in heavy duty electric vehicles By O. Briat; J.M. Vinassa; W. Lajnef; S. Azzopardi; C. Zardini	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the validation of a hybrid source for heavy duty electric vehicles. It is based on an Electromechanical Storage System (ESS) and a battery association. This combination is based on a hybridization strategy which takes advantage to control capabilities of the ESS unit. An experimental test bench on a reduced scale of power has been designed and realized to validate this principle. After accuracy and representativeness verification, the hybrid source has been integrated into the bench. Then, it has allowed to compare two opposite hybridization strategies for the same typical mission profile of the vehicle. Significant results are presented and discussed in order to evaluate the benefits of this solution.