EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 12d: Active Filters and Harmonics

EPE 2003 - Topic 12d: Active Filters and Harmonics
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE 2003 - Topic 12d: Active Filters and Harmonics

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   Measurement of the telecontrol signal influence in an industrial factory
By V. Kùs; D. Žila; T. Salon [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with an unfavourable influence of the telecontrol signal on compensating (or filtercompensating) devices and power networks. The telecontrol signal is a signal used for electrical appliances control. This signal is very often transmitted via the mains. It can cause some negative phenomena. This paper shows a practical example of the undesirable telecontrol-signal influence and describes a solution for this problem. Results of these measurements are discussed in this paper.

   Direct current control of an active power filter for harmonic elimination, power factor correction and load unbalancing compensation
By H. J. Azevedo; J. M. Ferreira; A. P. Martins; A. S. Carvalho [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An active power filter is designed, simulated, implemented, and tested. It can work in different modes: active power filtering, power factor correction, and load unbalance compensation. It is based on a current controlled voltage-source inverter with fixed carrier PWM. The control algorithm generates the source reference currents based on the controlled DC link voltage. The dimensioning criteria of the inductive and capacitive power components is discussed. The implementation is validated with simulated and experimental results obtained in a 5 kVA prototype.

   Evaluation and comparison of VA ratings for different active filters
By L. Zhang; L. J. Xiao [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper the computational methods for evaluating VA ratings of four different types of active filters for ac systems are presented. These include a conventional shunt active filter, a VSI-based series active filter, a hybrid shunt passive-active filter circuit and the one incorporating a resonant circuit. The formulae for VA rating calculations are derived by analysing the per-phase equivalent circuits of these filters operating in a three-phase balanced system supplying a nonlinear load. For ease of comparison the harmonic current control schemes employed by all the above filters are developed on the principle of synchronous reference frame theory[1,2,3]. In addition the load is considered the only source of harmonic current in the system. Simulation results produced by Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) are presented to show both the impedance characteristic of the system when each of these filters is used. Their performance in terms effective harmonic current compensation and VA rating reduction are compared.

   Space vector based current control scheme for parallel filters
By J-P. Gaubert; S. Tnani; G. Champenois [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, a novel current control scheme in voltage source inverters for active filters is proposed. Its aim is to distinctly reduce and stabilize average switching frequency by applying space vector based three or four dimensional hysteresis controllers. Its characteristics are discussed and compared to classic hysteresis.

   Control of a three-phase active power filter using a time-variant conductance model
By T. Yoshida; M. Yamakawa; O. Miyashita [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new method for controlling a three-phase active power filter (APF) using a time-variant conductance model is proposed. The control strategy is not based on the coordinate transformation but on the simple conductance circuit model. This model provides a current reference so that the APF neutralizes the harmonic components of the load currents in the three-wire electrical power system. Applying this method to a four-wire power distribution system practically eliminates the neutral-line current. Experimental and simulation results verify the usefulness of the method.

   A new indirect current control algorithm based on the instantaneous active current for reduced switch active filters
By S. Rahmani; K. Al-Haddad; F. Fnaiech [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a new control algorithm with indirect current control technique using the instantaneous active current component id method. This control method reduces greatly the switches Active Filter (AF). Its main purpose is to compensate of the three phase shunt active power filter harmonics and the reactive power. To evaluate its performance, we have compared it with the direct current control technique based on the synchronous frame method. The synchronous frame method of the three-phase circuits is used to obtain reference currents. Usually, this synchronous direct method uses a residual signal build from the comparison between the desired reference currents and the sensed AF currents. Whereas, the new indirect method uses a residual signal constructed from the comparison between the supply currents and their desired values. This implies a great reduction in the number of the AF switches and an elimination of the ripples in the supply currents shapes. Simulation results using Power System Blockset Toolbox PSB of Matlab show the performance of the new control algorithm with reducing the switches of the AF circuit and its capability to compensate for harmonics and reactive power.

   An adaptive synchronous reference frame controller for parallel active filter
By A. Damiano; G. Gatto; I. Marongiu; A. Perfetto [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the present paper an Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Controller for parallel active filter is proposed. The controller synthesis procedure, based on an energetic application of the Model Reference Adaptive Control System Theory, is reported. The proposed active filter system has been simulated and the compared with the correspondent Instantaneous Reactive Power controlled one. The numerical results confirm the goodness of the proposed control techniques. The simplicity of the control structure emphasizes the advantages of the proposed system.

   Predictive control of a switched-capacitor single-phase active filter
By A. Dell Aquila; A. Lecci; M. Liserre [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In single-phase systems, half-bridge active filters can ensure the reduction of low frequency harmonics. In this paper a predictive control is developed aiming to optimise the current tracking and a simple dc capacitors balancing scheme is added in order to ensure the proper voltage levels. Simulation and experimental results prove the proposed approach also in comparison with a proportional current controller.

   Inverter system of harmonics suppression by assisted electrical double layer capacitor
By R. Miyagawa; T. Watanabe; K. Matsuse; M. Nomura; T. Yamada [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The purposes of this paper propose an equipment of small capacity and low cost with power regeneration, harmonics suppression and power factor improvement.

   Compensating current generation in active power filter by means of a novel vector classification PWM technique
By M. Saeedifard; A.R. Bakhshai; D. Yazdani; F. Sheikholeslam [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A three-phase shunt active power filter APF employing a fast and accurate space vector modulator (SVM) is presented in this paper. The proposed SVM modulator uses a so-called vector classification algorithm modified for APF applications. The proposed algorithm and control circuit are discussed. Simulation results obtained confirm the feasibility and the features of the proposed APF modulator.

   A space vector current control of shunt active power filters
By K. Marouani; K. Aliouane; A. Kheloui; F. Khoucha [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper aims on applying Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique to control active filter converters using standard medium voltage IGBT Voltage Source Inverters (VSI), in order to achieve power factor control and reduction of the harmonics current of the load. A Staggered Space Vector Modulation (SVM) scheme has been developed and implemented on a micro-controller control structure yielding a higher ease in digital implementation at about the same line voltage THD as classical Multi-carriers Sinusoidal PWM. Both PC simulations as experiments demonstrate the performances of this Space Vector Modulation scheme in association with a three phase active filter.

   Development of an active power filter for medium-voltage diode rectifiers with DC-link capacitor
By G. Buja; S. Castellan [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper is concerned with the design of an active filter bound to the compensation of the current harmonics produced by high-power medium-voltage diode rectifiers. The active filter is built up around a current-controlled multilevel converter connected in parallel to the diode rectifier. Capacitors on the dc bus and inductors on the ac side of the active filter are sized. Feedback systems are developed for the control of the output current of the active filter and for the regulation of the dc-bus voltage. Solutions are devised to minimize the phase angle introduced by the current control and to balance the voltage across the dc-bus capacitors. Test of the active filter by simulation demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing the current harmonics injected into the utility system within the limits recommended by the standard.

   Series active compensator for supply voltage disturbances
By M. Machmoum; M. Shafiee Khoor; Y. Abdelli; J.C. Leclaire [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the control of a series active compensator for voltage sags, unbalance and harmonics compensation. A robust digital PLL system based on a RST controller is used for disturbances identification. A PID or a robust resonant voltage controllers (RVC) are proposed to regulate the injected voltages. The RVC controls the converter’s output voltage and the inverter’s maximum switching frequency. The modelling and the simulation of the unit are realised thanks to the Matlab/Simulink (Power Blockset) software. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed active power filter algorithms.

   A simple harmonic current analysis technique for use in a decentralised power conditioning system
By J. Van den Keybus; B. Bolsens; K. De Brabandere; R. Belmans [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A simple, effective technique is proposed to analyze harmonic currents using statistical analysis of the individual harmonics. The resulting compact data set is sent to remote active filters to reduce the overall current distortion in the low voltage grid. The technique is experimentally verified using a set of digital signal processors (DSPs).

   Design of switching-ripple filters immune to external resonant harmonics for photovoltaic inverters
By P. Sanchis; J. L. Rodríguez Izal; E. Gubía; O. Alonso; L. Marroyo [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a new methodology to design minimum-losses second-order switching ripple filters that fulfils requirements concerning switching harmonic mitigation and damping of resonant behaviour caused by both utility voltage and load current harmonics. The design methodology includes as an additional requirement the range of expected values for the utility inductance at the connection point. An example of a filter design is made for a particular set of requirements and for a wide range of utility inductance values. Simulation results show that the designed filter achieves a satisfactory filtering capability for the utility inductance range with considerably small losses while being high immune to resonant modes excited by harmonics coming from the utility voltage and from the current consumed by external loads connected at the same connection point.

   Control algorithm for active power filter with improved transient performance
By K. P. Sozañski; M. Klytta [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes the proposed active power filter (APF) with a new control circuit based on an algorithm using a filter bank and a harmonic predictor. The control circuit was realized using the digital signal processor ADSP-21061 and FPGA circuit. In the proposed circuit transient performance of APF is improved. The active power filter circuit has been built and tested, and some illustrative, experimental results are also presented in the paper.

   Active power filter (APF) using additional reactor
By S. Kosiorowski; B. Swiatek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents a new single-phase active filter circuit employing an additional reactor. The use of an additional reactor in the active filter circuit enables increasing the rate-of-rise of the fitter generated current. This results in reduction of the source current distortion in the presence of fast changes in the load current. The filter control system design using neural networks has been described. Simulation and experimental test results are included. The filter under the experimental test has been developed using an intelligent power module MITSUBISHI PM20CSJ060.

   An advanced approach control for a four branch shunt active power filter
By M.C. Ben habib; S. Saadate [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the design, analysis and simulation of a four branch four wire shunt active power filter, which compensates harmonic currents, neutral current and reactive power under balanced and unbalanced supply network. An advanced control theory named p-q-r theory has been already proposed by H. Kim et al [1]. The novelty with the control approach developed in this paper is the manner to separate the continuous component from the alternative one. Indeed, our approach consists on not to use a filter for extracting the continuous component but rather to identify it. It will be proved that this new approach has the same result, in term of precision, as a second order filter with a low cut-off frequency "fc= 20Hz", but the dynamic is comparable with that of a large cut-off frequency "fc= 100 Hz". Moreover, we are going to propose a PLL with high performances and good results are obtained when the main voltage are strongly unbalanced and contain harmonics. The simulation results will illustrate the good performance of this new approach, specially a better dynamic performance characteristics in comparison with the classical extraction methods.

EPE 2003 - Topic 12d: Active Filters and Harmonics
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE 2003 - Topic 12d: Active Filters and Harmonics
	[return to parent folder]

	Measurement of the telecontrol signal influence in an industrial factory By V. Kùs; D. Žila; T. Salon	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with an unfavourable influence of the telecontrol signal on compensating (or filtercompensating) devices and power networks. The telecontrol signal is a signal used for electrical appliances control. This signal is very often transmitted via the mains. It can cause some negative phenomena. This paper shows a practical example of the undesirable telecontrol-signal influence and describes a solution for this problem. Results of these measurements are discussed in this paper.

	Direct current control of an active power filter for harmonic elimination, power factor correction and load unbalancing compensation By H. J. Azevedo; J. M. Ferreira; A. P. Martins; A. S. Carvalho	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An active power filter is designed, simulated, implemented, and tested. It can work in different modes: active power filtering, power factor correction, and load unbalance compensation. It is based on a current controlled voltage-source inverter with fixed carrier PWM. The control algorithm generates the source reference currents based on the controlled DC link voltage. The dimensioning criteria of the inductive and capacitive power components is discussed. The implementation is validated with simulated and experimental results obtained in a 5 kVA prototype.

	Evaluation and comparison of VA ratings for different active filters By L. Zhang; L. J. Xiao	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper the computational methods for evaluating VA ratings of four different types of active filters for ac systems are presented. These include a conventional shunt active filter, a VSI-based series active filter, a hybrid shunt passive-active filter circuit and the one incorporating a resonant circuit. The formulae for VA rating calculations are derived by analysing the per-phase equivalent circuits of these filters operating in a three-phase balanced system supplying a nonlinear load. For ease of comparison the harmonic current control schemes employed by all the above filters are developed on the principle of synchronous reference frame theory[1,2,3]. In addition the load is considered the only source of harmonic current in the system. Simulation results produced by Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) are presented to show both the impedance characteristic of the system when each of these filters is used. Their performance in terms effective harmonic current compensation and VA rating reduction are compared.

	Space vector based current control scheme for parallel filters By J-P. Gaubert; S. Tnani; G. Champenois	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a novel current control scheme in voltage source inverters for active filters is proposed. Its aim is to distinctly reduce and stabilize average switching frequency by applying space vector based three or four dimensional hysteresis controllers. Its characteristics are discussed and compared to classic hysteresis.

	Control of a three-phase active power filter using a time-variant conductance model By T. Yoshida; M. Yamakawa; O. Miyashita	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new method for controlling a three-phase active power filter (APF) using a time-variant conductance model is proposed. The control strategy is not based on the coordinate transformation but on the simple conductance circuit model. This model provides a current reference so that the APF neutralizes the harmonic components of the load currents in the three-wire electrical power system. Applying this method to a four-wire power distribution system practically eliminates the neutral-line current. Experimental and simulation results verify the usefulness of the method.

	A new indirect current control algorithm based on the instantaneous active current for reduced switch active filters By S. Rahmani; K. Al-Haddad; F. Fnaiech	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a new control algorithm with indirect current control technique using the instantaneous active current component id method. This control method reduces greatly the switches Active Filter (AF). Its main purpose is to compensate of the three phase shunt active power filter harmonics and the reactive power. To evaluate its performance, we have compared it with the direct current control technique based on the synchronous frame method. The synchronous frame method of the three-phase circuits is used to obtain reference currents. Usually, this synchronous direct method uses a residual signal build from the comparison between the desired reference currents and the sensed AF currents. Whereas, the new indirect method uses a residual signal constructed from the comparison between the supply currents and their desired values. This implies a great reduction in the number of the AF switches and an elimination of the ripples in the supply currents shapes. Simulation results using Power System Blockset Toolbox PSB of Matlab show the performance of the new control algorithm with reducing the switches of the AF circuit and its capability to compensate for harmonics and reactive power.

	An adaptive synchronous reference frame controller for parallel active filter By A. Damiano; G. Gatto; I. Marongiu; A. Perfetto	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the present paper an Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Controller for parallel active filter is proposed. The controller synthesis procedure, based on an energetic application of the Model Reference Adaptive Control System Theory, is reported. The proposed active filter system has been simulated and the compared with the correspondent Instantaneous Reactive Power controlled one. The numerical results confirm the goodness of the proposed control techniques. The simplicity of the control structure emphasizes the advantages of the proposed system.

	Predictive control of a switched-capacitor single-phase active filter By A. Dell Aquila; A. Lecci; M. Liserre	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In single-phase systems, half-bridge active filters can ensure the reduction of low frequency harmonics. In this paper a predictive control is developed aiming to optimise the current tracking and a simple dc capacitors balancing scheme is added in order to ensure the proper voltage levels. Simulation and experimental results prove the proposed approach also in comparison with a proportional current controller.

	Inverter system of harmonics suppression by assisted electrical double layer capacitor By R. Miyagawa; T. Watanabe; K. Matsuse; M. Nomura; T. Yamada	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The purposes of this paper propose an equipment of small capacity and low cost with power regeneration, harmonics suppression and power factor improvement.

	Compensating current generation in active power filter by means of a novel vector classification PWM technique By M. Saeedifard; A.R. Bakhshai; D. Yazdani; F. Sheikholeslam	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A three-phase shunt active power filter APF employing a fast and accurate space vector modulator (SVM) is presented in this paper. The proposed SVM modulator uses a so-called vector classification algorithm modified for APF applications. The proposed algorithm and control circuit are discussed. Simulation results obtained confirm the feasibility and the features of the proposed APF modulator.

	A space vector current control of shunt active power filters By K. Marouani; K. Aliouane; A. Kheloui; F. Khoucha	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper aims on applying Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique to control active filter converters using standard medium voltage IGBT Voltage Source Inverters (VSI), in order to achieve power factor control and reduction of the harmonics current of the load. A Staggered Space Vector Modulation (SVM) scheme has been developed and implemented on a micro-controller control structure yielding a higher ease in digital implementation at about the same line voltage THD as classical Multi-carriers Sinusoidal PWM. Both PC simulations as experiments demonstrate the performances of this Space Vector Modulation scheme in association with a three phase active filter.

	Development of an active power filter for medium-voltage diode rectifiers with DC-link capacitor By G. Buja; S. Castellan	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper is concerned with the design of an active filter bound to the compensation of the current harmonics produced by high-power medium-voltage diode rectifiers. The active filter is built up around a current-controlled multilevel converter connected in parallel to the diode rectifier. Capacitors on the dc bus and inductors on the ac side of the active filter are sized. Feedback systems are developed for the control of the output current of the active filter and for the regulation of the dc-bus voltage. Solutions are devised to minimize the phase angle introduced by the current control and to balance the voltage across the dc-bus capacitors. Test of the active filter by simulation demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing the current harmonics injected into the utility system within the limits recommended by the standard.

	Series active compensator for supply voltage disturbances By M. Machmoum; M. Shafiee Khoor; Y. Abdelli; J.C. Leclaire	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the control of a series active compensator for voltage sags, unbalance and harmonics compensation. A robust digital PLL system based on a RST controller is used for disturbances identification. A PID or a robust resonant voltage controllers (RVC) are proposed to regulate the injected voltages. The RVC controls the converter’s output voltage and the inverter’s maximum switching frequency. The modelling and the simulation of the unit are realised thanks to the Matlab/Simulink (Power Blockset) software. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed active power filter algorithms.

	A simple harmonic current analysis technique for use in a decentralised power conditioning system By J. Van den Keybus; B. Bolsens; K. De Brabandere; R. Belmans	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A simple, effective technique is proposed to analyze harmonic currents using statistical analysis of the individual harmonics. The resulting compact data set is sent to remote active filters to reduce the overall current distortion in the low voltage grid. The technique is experimentally verified using a set of digital signal processors (DSPs).

	Design of switching-ripple filters immune to external resonant harmonics for photovoltaic inverters By P. Sanchis; J. L. Rodríguez Izal; E. Gubía; O. Alonso; L. Marroyo	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a new methodology to design minimum-losses second-order switching ripple filters that fulfils requirements concerning switching harmonic mitigation and damping of resonant behaviour caused by both utility voltage and load current harmonics. The design methodology includes as an additional requirement the range of expected values for the utility inductance at the connection point. An example of a filter design is made for a particular set of requirements and for a wide range of utility inductance values. Simulation results show that the designed filter achieves a satisfactory filtering capability for the utility inductance range with considerably small losses while being high immune to resonant modes excited by harmonics coming from the utility voltage and from the current consumed by external loads connected at the same connection point.

	Control algorithm for active power filter with improved transient performance By K. P. Sozañski; M. Klytta	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes the proposed active power filter (APF) with a new control circuit based on an algorithm using a filter bank and a harmonic predictor. The control circuit was realized using the digital signal processor ADSP-21061 and FPGA circuit. In the proposed circuit transient performance of APF is improved. The active power filter circuit has been built and tested, and some illustrative, experimental results are also presented in the paper.

	Active power filter (APF) using additional reactor By S. Kosiorowski; B. Swiatek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a new single-phase active filter circuit employing an additional reactor. The use of an additional reactor in the active filter circuit enables increasing the rate-of-rise of the fitter generated current. This results in reduction of the source current distortion in the presence of fast changes in the load current. The filter control system design using neural networks has been described. Simulation and experimental test results are included. The filter under the experimental test has been developed using an intelligent power module MITSUBISHI PM20CSJ060.

	An advanced approach control for a four branch shunt active power filter By M.C. Ben habib; S. Saadate	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the design, analysis and simulation of a four branch four wire shunt active power filter, which compensates harmonic currents, neutral current and reactive power under balanced and unbalanced supply network. An advanced control theory named p-q-r theory has been already proposed by H. Kim et al [1]. The novelty with the control approach developed in this paper is the manner to separate the continuous component from the alternative one. Indeed, our approach consists on not to use a filter for extracting the continuous component but rather to identify it. It will be proved that this new approach has the same result, in term of precision, as a second order filter with a low cut-off frequency "fc= 20Hz", but the dynamic is comparable with that of a large cut-off frequency "fc= 100 Hz". Moreover, we are going to propose a PLL with high performances and good results are obtained when the main voltage are strongly unbalanced and contain harmonics. The simulation results will illustrate the good performance of this new approach, specially a better dynamic performance characteristics in comparison with the classical extraction methods.