EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 12c: FACTS

EPE 2003 - Topic 12c: FACTS
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE 2003 - Topic 12c: FACTS

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   Description of a novel dynamic interphase power flow controller based on power semiconductors
By G. Ebner; C. Weindl; G. Herold [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a new Dynamic Interphase Power Flow Controller (DIPFC) based on semiconductor switched devices is described. The fully developed version of this device allows the most flexible control of the active and reactive power flow. In this article the focus is concentrated on two different variants of the DIPFC. The first basic DIPFC variant consists of only one thyristor controlled DIPFC-module. This system is analyzed by an analytic approach based on a transformation into space-phasor and zerosequence networks for each switching status. The resulting state space descriptions of the different switching states are coupled into a linear inhomogeneous boundary value problem which can be solved analytically. A retransformation into natural co-ordinates leads to the time functions of all system variables and further characteristic parameters like power factors or stability indicators. Therefore the interactions of the device and the surrounding network can be verified using this calculation technique. The second variant described in this article concentrates on a more flexible DIPFC structure made up of two thyristor controlled DIPFC-modules. This device is analyzed based on a Matlab Simulink simulation model which can be used to demonstrate the basic principle and the fundamental potentialities to control the active and reactive power flow.

   Integration of Solid-State Switches into Existing Medium-Voltage Grids
By C. Meyer; S. Schröder; R.W. De Doncker [View]
[Download]

Abstract: It can be stated that solid-state circuit breakers provide significant advantages compared to mechanical switches. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the existing detection systems and the coordination of breakers will be changed in the near future. Consequently, it is of utmost importance to take the present grid structure into account, and to adapt solid-state switches for the most useful applications in the existing systems. In this paper, the existing error detection systems are briefly described. Subsequently different topologies for the integration of fast switches into today’s grids are presented. For most applications, the use of a current limiter is the only way to use solid-state circuit breakers in present medium-voltage grids. Different current limiter topologies are presented and compared for several applications. Finally, one special application for a solid-state switch in a grid is shown. In this case, no limiter is needed and the advantages of solid-state breakers offer significant power quality improvements compared to present-day mechanical breaker systems.

   Structure and design of an inverter control in rotating reference frames for active balancing of single-phase railway loads
By D. Hasenkopf; J. Xie [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Railway traction power supply systems are fed directly from the public three-phase grid, if both operate at the same frequency. These railway substations are high power single-phase loads. This paper discusses a controller working in synchronous reference frames for a shunt inverter used for active balancing of the single-phase loads.

   Control of network coupling inverters for directly supplying the 16 2/3 Hz traction catenary network
By J. Xie; R. Schmidt [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In Germany static frequency converters are used for the power supply of the 16 2/3-Hz- traction system. The new developed special control methods of the static inverter for directly supplying the 15 kV-16 2/3 Hz catenary network and test results are presented in this paper.

   A non-linear control strategy for a cascaded multilevel STATCOM using a fixed switching sequence
By D. Soto; R. Peña; V. Herrera [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A non-linear control strategy based on the feedback linearising theory for a cascaded multilevel STATCOM is developed. In keeping with the need of high power converters, switching of devices is limited to line switching frequency. In addition, commutation sequence is kept fixed in order to maximise harmonic performance. The non-linear approach allows fast control of the reactive current. This overcomes the limitations on voltage control imposed by the use low switching frequency. DC voltage balance is maintained using an asymmetrical switching sequence. The self-balancing property of this switching sequence is explained through a mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental results, from a low power 5-level prototype, confirm the effectiveness of both reactive current and DC link voltage balance control strategies.

   D-STATCOM control and dynamic damping in FACTS application
By G. de Préville [View]
[Download]

Abstract: D-STATCOM is an emergent solution for flicker mitigation. Flicker, caused by large fluctuating loads as arc furnace, is one of the power quality problems that include interruptions, voltage sags and dips, harmonics. The state of the art technology to reduce flicker is shunt compensation using Static Var Compensator with thyristors. However, this kind of technology has an intrinsic limited flicker mitigation capability. Voltage Source converters can be used as shunt compensation device. Complete control of D-STATCOM has been studied and is presented in this paper. However, costs of such device is high thus hybrid solutions including classical SVC structure associated with D-STATCOM device is the best solution for power quality improvement at reasonable costs. Such a hybrid solution could be used for Transmission system. This paper present the benefits of such an association in Transmission system. D-STATCOM associated with a thyristor SVC has higher effectiveness in power quality improvement and D-STATCOM can improve the effectiveness of the associated classical SVC. Dynamic damping principles as important part of possibilities brought by the D-STATCOM are presented in this paper and have been simulated in Matlab/Simulink Software.

   1-phase active power line conditioner
By R. Strzelecki; H. Supronowicz; M. Jarnut; G. Benysek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Paper proposes transformerless 1-phase Active Power Line Conditioner (APLC), the multiple capabilities of which include current conditioning and voltage restoring. The effectiveness of the 1- phase APLC is carefully outlined, while the system general performance and flexibility is intensively investigated. Experimental results of a prototype are presented to validate proposed approach.

   SVC, a real alternative for railway infrastructure upgrading - HVB2 European project test results
By Etxeberria-Otadui; S. Bacha; Z. A. Styczynski; A. Bachry; C. Courtois; A. Talibart; M. Fracchia [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The railway system is destined to play a very important role in the future European transport system. Many Institutions and Associations have established plans for its revitalisation. It is a matter of fact that a significant increase in traffic is expected over the next few years. Railway infrastructure will certainly have to be upgraded to support this traffic increase and to face the power consumption increase and the excessive voltage drops. This upgrading may be realised by the introduction of new technologies on the existing infrastructure, avoiding therefore the construction of new infrastructure. This paper proposes a SVC as an interesting alternative to the construction of new lines and substations. After HVB project, devoted to the choice of the adequate structure to ensure the voltage regulation, in this second part of the project (HVB21) the chosen device (a SVC) has been designed in detail, and a prototype has been built, installed and tested on the British and French railway systems. This device has proved to be an interesting alternative to the construction of a new sub-station, permitting a considerable improvement of the voltage profile. Special attention has been paid to the design of a filter that not only eliminates the harmonics generated by the SVC, but it also improves the overall distortion of the catenary voltage. Thus the main objective of this paper is to present the results and conclusions obtained from the HVB project.

   A new method for improving transient stability of power systems by using UPFC
By E. Gholipour; S. Saadate [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Long distance AC transmission is often subject to stability problems, which limits the transmission capability. The latest development for damping system oscillations is the use of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). In this paper, a new control strategy for injected series voltage of UPFC according to the “Local Measurement” is proposed. The results of simulation studies performed by ATP-EMTP simulation package confirm the validity of the theory on which the proposed control algorithm is based.

   Installation of series-parallel compensator with voltage regulation and current limiting function in distribution system
By H. Murai; K. Kameshima; J. Baba; K. Shutoh; E. Masada [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The Series-Shunt Compensator is proposed to install in distribution system, replacing the conventional Step-Voltage Regulator to solve the voltage regulation and over-current problem when dispersed power sourses are connected. Theoretical analysis and simulation have been carried out to verify the features in performances of proposed system.

   A soft-switched dual active bridge 3DC-to-1DC converter employed in a high-voltage electronic power transformer
By H. Wrede; V. Staudt; A. Steimel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The analysis of a soft-switched dual active bridge 3DC-to-1DC converter, employed in a cascaded-converter-based high-voltage electronic power transformer is presented. The the design of a single-phase transformer, its kVA rating and utilization are derived, due to a phase shift and zero-voltage switching conditions. In the transformer utilization-vs-kVA-rating plane an optimal transformer design point can be found and the design of a single-phase cable-wound transformer with a rated power of 1.66 MW and 1 kHz operating frequency for a 3x16,6kV-DC-to-1x9.6kV-DC conversion is presented.

   New robust switching commutation for a tap changer
By P. Bauer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Tap changer converter periodically connects and disconnect transformer tap hereby achieving continuous voltage regulation. Commutation cell with bi-directional switch and high frequency switching is a basic building element. Used technique requires additional inductances or use accurate current measurement and has potential hazards. Different solutions are suggested in the paper and verified by simulation and experimental study. For tap changer converter commutation it is important that the commutation is symmetrical. A symmetrical smart commutation technique without necessity to measure current is developed and presented. Experiments verify the simulation results. The application of such a commutation is demonstrated on 500kVA tap changed transformer. Voltage regulation with tap changer is demonstrated too.

   Voltage sag and swell generator with solid state switched tap changer
By Y.-H. Chung; G.-H. Kwon; T.-B. Park; K.-Y. Lim [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes three kinds of new VSSG (voltage sag and swell generator) suitable to the evaluations of high power custom power devices such as DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator). Proposed systems are designed to generate the several power quality disturbances in MVA power ratings – sag, swell, under voltage, over voltage and harmonic distortions. We can generate the power disturbances by injecting a controlled series voltage through series transformer in a power supply line. Conventional solid-state switched tap changer was modified to minimize the harmonic contents in the injected voltage. In this paper, we calculated the harmonic spectrums of three kinds of sag and swell generator. Additional comparisons are given for the power ratings of power devices and other components. We adopted a very simple control method to verify the operation of the proposed systems and to get the various sag, swell and distorted voltages. Simulation results are given for the typical patterns of sag and swell voltage. Finally, conclusions are given.

EPE 2003 - Topic 12c: FACTS
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 12: POWER ELECTRONICS IN GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY > EPE 2003 - Topic 12c: FACTS
	[return to parent folder]

	Description of a novel dynamic interphase power flow controller based on power semiconductors By G. Ebner; C. Weindl; G. Herold	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a new Dynamic Interphase Power Flow Controller (DIPFC) based on semiconductor switched devices is described. The fully developed version of this device allows the most flexible control of the active and reactive power flow. In this article the focus is concentrated on two different variants of the DIPFC. The first basic DIPFC variant consists of only one thyristor controlled DIPFC-module. This system is analyzed by an analytic approach based on a transformation into space-phasor and zerosequence networks for each switching status. The resulting state space descriptions of the different switching states are coupled into a linear inhomogeneous boundary value problem which can be solved analytically. A retransformation into natural co-ordinates leads to the time functions of all system variables and further characteristic parameters like power factors or stability indicators. Therefore the interactions of the device and the surrounding network can be verified using this calculation technique. The second variant described in this article concentrates on a more flexible DIPFC structure made up of two thyristor controlled DIPFC-modules. This device is analyzed based on a Matlab Simulink simulation model which can be used to demonstrate the basic principle and the fundamental potentialities to control the active and reactive power flow.

	Integration of Solid-State Switches into Existing Medium-Voltage Grids By C. Meyer; S. Schröder; R.W. De Doncker	[View] [Download]
Abstract: It can be stated that solid-state circuit breakers provide significant advantages compared to mechanical switches. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the existing detection systems and the coordination of breakers will be changed in the near future. Consequently, it is of utmost importance to take the present grid structure into account, and to adapt solid-state switches for the most useful applications in the existing systems. In this paper, the existing error detection systems are briefly described. Subsequently different topologies for the integration of fast switches into today’s grids are presented. For most applications, the use of a current limiter is the only way to use solid-state circuit breakers in present medium-voltage grids. Different current limiter topologies are presented and compared for several applications. Finally, one special application for a solid-state switch in a grid is shown. In this case, no limiter is needed and the advantages of solid-state breakers offer significant power quality improvements compared to present-day mechanical breaker systems.

	Structure and design of an inverter control in rotating reference frames for active balancing of single-phase railway loads By D. Hasenkopf; J. Xie	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Railway traction power supply systems are fed directly from the public three-phase grid, if both operate at the same frequency. These railway substations are high power single-phase loads. This paper discusses a controller working in synchronous reference frames for a shunt inverter used for active balancing of the single-phase loads.

	Control of network coupling inverters for directly supplying the 16 2/3 Hz traction catenary network By J. Xie; R. Schmidt	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In Germany static frequency converters are used for the power supply of the 16 2/3-Hz- traction system. The new developed special control methods of the static inverter for directly supplying the 15 kV-16 2/3 Hz catenary network and test results are presented in this paper.

	A non-linear control strategy for a cascaded multilevel STATCOM using a fixed switching sequence By D. Soto; R. Peña; V. Herrera	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A non-linear control strategy based on the feedback linearising theory for a cascaded multilevel STATCOM is developed. In keeping with the need of high power converters, switching of devices is limited to line switching frequency. In addition, commutation sequence is kept fixed in order to maximise harmonic performance. The non-linear approach allows fast control of the reactive current. This overcomes the limitations on voltage control imposed by the use low switching frequency. DC voltage balance is maintained using an asymmetrical switching sequence. The self-balancing property of this switching sequence is explained through a mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental results, from a low power 5-level prototype, confirm the effectiveness of both reactive current and DC link voltage balance control strategies.

	D-STATCOM control and dynamic damping in FACTS application By G. de Préville	[View] [Download]
Abstract: D-STATCOM is an emergent solution for flicker mitigation. Flicker, caused by large fluctuating loads as arc furnace, is one of the power quality problems that include interruptions, voltage sags and dips, harmonics. The state of the art technology to reduce flicker is shunt compensation using Static Var Compensator with thyristors. However, this kind of technology has an intrinsic limited flicker mitigation capability. Voltage Source converters can be used as shunt compensation device. Complete control of D-STATCOM has been studied and is presented in this paper. However, costs of such device is high thus hybrid solutions including classical SVC structure associated with D-STATCOM device is the best solution for power quality improvement at reasonable costs. Such a hybrid solution could be used for Transmission system. This paper present the benefits of such an association in Transmission system. D-STATCOM associated with a thyristor SVC has higher effectiveness in power quality improvement and D-STATCOM can improve the effectiveness of the associated classical SVC. Dynamic damping principles as important part of possibilities brought by the D-STATCOM are presented in this paper and have been simulated in Matlab/Simulink Software.

	1-phase active power line conditioner By R. Strzelecki; H. Supronowicz; M. Jarnut; G. Benysek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Paper proposes transformerless 1-phase Active Power Line Conditioner (APLC), the multiple capabilities of which include current conditioning and voltage restoring. The effectiveness of the 1- phase APLC is carefully outlined, while the system general performance and flexibility is intensively investigated. Experimental results of a prototype are presented to validate proposed approach.

	SVC, a real alternative for railway infrastructure upgrading - HVB2 European project test results By Etxeberria-Otadui; S. Bacha; Z. A. Styczynski; A. Bachry; C. Courtois; A. Talibart; M. Fracchia	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The railway system is destined to play a very important role in the future European transport system. Many Institutions and Associations have established plans for its revitalisation. It is a matter of fact that a significant increase in traffic is expected over the next few years. Railway infrastructure will certainly have to be upgraded to support this traffic increase and to face the power consumption increase and the excessive voltage drops. This upgrading may be realised by the introduction of new technologies on the existing infrastructure, avoiding therefore the construction of new infrastructure. This paper proposes a SVC as an interesting alternative to the construction of new lines and substations. After HVB project, devoted to the choice of the adequate structure to ensure the voltage regulation, in this second part of the project (HVB21) the chosen device (a SVC) has been designed in detail, and a prototype has been built, installed and tested on the British and French railway systems. This device has proved to be an interesting alternative to the construction of a new sub-station, permitting a considerable improvement of the voltage profile. Special attention has been paid to the design of a filter that not only eliminates the harmonics generated by the SVC, but it also improves the overall distortion of the catenary voltage. Thus the main objective of this paper is to present the results and conclusions obtained from the HVB project.

	A new method for improving transient stability of power systems by using UPFC By E. Gholipour; S. Saadate	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Long distance AC transmission is often subject to stability problems, which limits the transmission capability. The latest development for damping system oscillations is the use of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). In this paper, a new control strategy for injected series voltage of UPFC according to the “Local Measurement” is proposed. The results of simulation studies performed by ATP-EMTP simulation package confirm the validity of the theory on which the proposed control algorithm is based.

	Installation of series-parallel compensator with voltage regulation and current limiting function in distribution system By H. Murai; K. Kameshima; J. Baba; K. Shutoh; E. Masada	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The Series-Shunt Compensator is proposed to install in distribution system, replacing the conventional Step-Voltage Regulator to solve the voltage regulation and over-current problem when dispersed power sourses are connected. Theoretical analysis and simulation have been carried out to verify the features in performances of proposed system.

	A soft-switched dual active bridge 3DC-to-1DC converter employed in a high-voltage electronic power transformer By H. Wrede; V. Staudt; A. Steimel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The analysis of a soft-switched dual active bridge 3DC-to-1DC converter, employed in a cascaded-converter-based high-voltage electronic power transformer is presented. The the design of a single-phase transformer, its kVA rating and utilization are derived, due to a phase shift and zero-voltage switching conditions. In the transformer utilization-vs-kVA-rating plane an optimal transformer design point can be found and the design of a single-phase cable-wound transformer with a rated power of 1.66 MW and 1 kHz operating frequency for a 3x16,6kV-DC-to-1x9.6kV-DC conversion is presented.

	New robust switching commutation for a tap changer By P. Bauer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Tap changer converter periodically connects and disconnect transformer tap hereby achieving continuous voltage regulation. Commutation cell with bi-directional switch and high frequency switching is a basic building element. Used technique requires additional inductances or use accurate current measurement and has potential hazards. Different solutions are suggested in the paper and verified by simulation and experimental study. For tap changer converter commutation it is important that the commutation is symmetrical. A symmetrical smart commutation technique without necessity to measure current is developed and presented. Experiments verify the simulation results. The application of such a commutation is demonstrated on 500kVA tap changed transformer. Voltage regulation with tap changer is demonstrated too.

	Voltage sag and swell generator with solid state switched tap changer By Y.-H. Chung; G.-H. Kwon; T.-B. Park; K.-Y. Lim	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes three kinds of new VSSG (voltage sag and swell generator) suitable to the evaluations of high power custom power devices such as DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator). Proposed systems are designed to generate the several power quality disturbances in MVA power ratings – sag, swell, under voltage, over voltage and harmonic distortions. We can generate the power disturbances by injecting a controlled series voltage through series transformer in a power supply line. Conventional solid-state switched tap changer was modified to minimize the harmonic contents in the injected voltage. In this paper, we calculated the harmonic spectrums of three kinds of sag and swell generator. Additional comparisons are given for the power ratings of power devices and other components. We adopted a very simple control method to verify the operation of the proposed systems and to get the various sag, swell and distorted voltages. Simulation results are given for the typical patterns of sag and swell voltage. Finally, conclusions are given.