EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 08e: Power Factor Correctors (PFC)

EPE 2003 - Topic 08e: Power Factor Correctors (PFC)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 08: POWER SUPPLIES > EPE 2003 - Topic 08e: Power Factor Correctors (PFC)

   [return to parent folder]

   A unity power factor single-phase PWM rectifier with load current feedforward
By K. Itako; T. Mori [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, a unity power factor single-phase PWM rectifier with load current feedforward is proposed. The proposed approach has some advantages, including a quick response for the load fluctuation, reduced the number of sensors and simplified control, as compared with the conventional methods. From simulated and experimental results, it is clarified that the proposed control method is effective and useful.

   Sampling algorithm for small input current distortion in digitally controlled boost PFC converters
By D. M. Van de Sype; K. De Gussemé; A. P. Van den Bossche; J. A. Melkebeek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: After a short introduction to the digital control of boost power factor correction converters, the principle of operation of the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is reviewed. The main features of this sampling algorithm are: switching noise immunity, straightforwardness, the need for only few extra processor cycles and accurate measurement of the averaged input current. However, to accomplish this last feature the timing of the sampling instants has to be tuned manually. Moreover, the “ideal” timing instants may slowly vary because of temperature effects and during the life-time of the converter. To annihilate these effects and to avoid manual tuning, the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is extended with an autotuning feature for the timing of the sampling instants. The distortion caused by the sampling algorithm due to an inaccurate timing of the sampling instants is quantified to obtain an estimate for the timing error. This timing error is continuously monitored and intermittently used to adjust the timing of the sampling instants. As a result, the proposed sampling algorithm provides accurate measurements of the averaged inductor current without manual tuning, over a wide temperature range and during the operating life-time of the converter. Experimental verification using a digitally controlled boost converter demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed sampling algorithm and demonstrates that a small input current distortion can be achieved.

   Comparison of two single-stage PFC topologies with conventional PFC solutions for low power isolated supplies
By E.M. Lord; D.E. Macpherson. [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The comparison of two promising single-stage PFC topologies, the bi-forward and high frequency current source single stage power factor corrector, with conventional power factor correction (PFC) solutions is presented. The two new topologies are briefly introduced. The comparison considers efficiency, component stress, cost, and ability to meet IEC1000-3-2 class D.

   Limiting factors for increasing the switching speed of SiC schottky diodes and bipolar Si diodes in PFC applications
By H. Kapels; I. Zverev; R. Rupp [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Properties and performance of the boost diodes in PFC boost application are shown. Following limit-ing factors for maximizing the switching speed are covered: turn on energy losses, possible dv/dt fail-ure of boost diode, EMI noise.

   Fixed-off-time control for PFC pre-regulators
By C. Adragna [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In addition to Transition Mode (TM) and Fixed-Frequency Continuous Conduction Mode (FF-CCM) operation of PFC pre-regulators a third approach is proposed that couples the simplicity and affordability of TM operation with the high-current capability of FF-CCM operation: it is a peak currentmode control with fixed-OFF-time (FOT control). Its basic characteristics and the benefits brought to PFC pre-regulators will be highlighted and weighed against the drawbacks. Then, with a simplified design-oriented analysis, a large-signal model will be identified. Based on this result, a step-by-step design procedure will be outlined and a real design example will be considered that demonstrates the technique. Finally, the bench evaluation results of the prototyped design example will be presented.

   Characterization and dimensioning of the Cuk converter in power factor correction
By F. Lacressonniere; M. Kechmire; B. Cassoret [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the isolated Cuk converter working in Power Factor Correction (PFC) in continuous mode. The converter will be used as a battery charger. The aim of the paper is to study for this operation the stress on the passive and active components. The reduction of the switching losses in the semiconductor components can be achieved with a soft switching snubber. The Cuk converter was analysed in detail by simulation and experiment. These results are presented.

   Novel active filtering function for DPC based three-phase PWM rectifier
By M. Cichowlas; M. Malinowski; M. P. Kazmierkowski; M. Jasinski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Now days an active power filters are very important way to increase power quality due to use of various nonlinear loads. This paper presents the active filtering function for PWM rectifiers. Since active power filters are no indispensable and total cost of power quality compensator can be lower. The control algorithm is based on ac line voltage sensorless Direct Power Control with constant switching frequency. Two various schemes, closed and open loop control are presented. The operation of the system is investigated in simulations using SABER package and experimentally verified using laboratory setup based on commercial Danfoss inverter. Obtained results fully confirm suitability of PWM rectifier integration together with power quality compensator. This system improves the supply current harmonic content, power factor displacement and serves as active rectifier for drives and other dc-link loads.

   Small signal analysis of Dither converter with a tapped transformer
By V. Tuomainen; J. Kyyrä [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Dither converter with a tapped transformer is a Single-Stage power factor correction converter. The converter is an integration of a buck-boost type converter and a forward converter. Both stages utilize the same single switch, which is used to shape the line current and regulate the output voltage simultaneously. This paper presents a small signal analysis of the Dither converter. Control-to-output and line-to-output transfer functions for the converter are derived in the paper and calculation results of the dynamic behavior of the converter shown. The paper includes also simulation results that verify the analysis.

   Development of a conducted EMI model for an industrial power factor corrector
By S. Brehaut; J-C. Le Bunetel; A. Schellmanns; D. Magnon; A. Puzo [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The need to provide a good power factor correction is required in a growing number of applications, as in telecommunications. The boost PFC circuit, widely used to fulfill this requirement, is developed at low and medium power. However, PFC generates electromagnetic interferences in the power converters. We must put an expensive and bulky EMI filter. The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology by calculating the EMI with a developed software. Experiments are performed to verify the consistency with the result of the simulation tool. An industrial PFC for a 600W unit with 230Vac 50Hz input and 380V output has been used for this study.

   Improving the performance of a vector controlled current-source PWM rectifier with distorted supply voltages
By M. Salo; H. Tuusa [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Three-phase current-type PWM rectifiers are becoming increasingly popular in power electronic systems due to the tighter EMC regulations. In this paper the control of the current-source PWM rectifier without supply current measurements is discussed. A new control method to compensate the capacitive harmonic currents of the supply filter caused by the distorted supply voltages is presented. Since the supply current measurements are needed neither for protection in current source converters the ac current sensors can be totally eliminated. The function of the proposed control methods are verified by simulation and experiment.

   Practical performance evaluations of improved circuit topology of three phase PFC power converter using four active power switches
By K. Nishimura; K. Tachibana; K. Hirachi; S. Moisseev; T. Ahmed; M. Nakaoka [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a steady-state operating principle and unique features of a new prototype circuit of three-phase active PFC power converter treated here. Its harmonic components of utility-grid side line current and unity power factor performance are evaluated and discussed on the basis of the experimental and simulation results as compared with the other conventional types of three-phase PFC converters.

   A stability assesment tool for PFC converter
By M. Orabi; T. Ninomiya [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Development of switching power supplies for the telecommunications applications have been drastically moving towards high quality drawn source power. Therefore, Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) converters have been widely used in power electronics. One of the most common circuits used to achieve unity power factor is the boost PFC circuit with average-current-mode control. The main feature of this circuit is using two control loops, feedback and feed-forward, and multiplier. Stability is the most important parameter to achieve the reliability of any system. Stability discussion for boost PFC converter with average-current-mode control is one from the most difficult and interesting subject due to its nonlinearity. In this paper, the stability of this boost PFC circuit is investigated. A novel empirical method to judge the PFC converter stability by comparing the consequence of charging and discharging energy on the output capacitor is proposed and proved by simulation and experiment.

EPE 2003 - Topic 08e: Power Factor Correctors (PFC)
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 08: POWER SUPPLIES > EPE 2003 - Topic 08e: Power Factor Correctors (PFC)
	[return to parent folder]

	A unity power factor single-phase PWM rectifier with load current feedforward By K. Itako; T. Mori	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a unity power factor single-phase PWM rectifier with load current feedforward is proposed. The proposed approach has some advantages, including a quick response for the load fluctuation, reduced the number of sensors and simplified control, as compared with the conventional methods. From simulated and experimental results, it is clarified that the proposed control method is effective and useful.

	Sampling algorithm for small input current distortion in digitally controlled boost PFC converters By D. M. Van de Sype; K. De Gussemé; A. P. Van den Bossche; J. A. Melkebeek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: After a short introduction to the digital control of boost power factor correction converters, the principle of operation of the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is reviewed. The main features of this sampling algorithm are: switching noise immunity, straightforwardness, the need for only few extra processor cycles and accurate measurement of the averaged input current. However, to accomplish this last feature the timing of the sampling instants has to be tuned manually. Moreover, the “ideal” timing instants may slowly vary because of temperature effects and during the life-time of the converter. To annihilate these effects and to avoid manual tuning, the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is extended with an autotuning feature for the timing of the sampling instants. The distortion caused by the sampling algorithm due to an inaccurate timing of the sampling instants is quantified to obtain an estimate for the timing error. This timing error is continuously monitored and intermittently used to adjust the timing of the sampling instants. As a result, the proposed sampling algorithm provides accurate measurements of the averaged inductor current without manual tuning, over a wide temperature range and during the operating life-time of the converter. Experimental verification using a digitally controlled boost converter demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed sampling algorithm and demonstrates that a small input current distortion can be achieved.

	Comparison of two single-stage PFC topologies with conventional PFC solutions for low power isolated supplies By E.M. Lord; D.E. Macpherson.	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The comparison of two promising single-stage PFC topologies, the bi-forward and high frequency current source single stage power factor corrector, with conventional power factor correction (PFC) solutions is presented. The two new topologies are briefly introduced. The comparison considers efficiency, component stress, cost, and ability to meet IEC1000-3-2 class D.

	Limiting factors for increasing the switching speed of SiC schottky diodes and bipolar Si diodes in PFC applications By H. Kapels; I. Zverev; R. Rupp	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Properties and performance of the boost diodes in PFC boost application are shown. Following limit-ing factors for maximizing the switching speed are covered: turn on energy losses, possible dv/dt fail-ure of boost diode, EMI noise.

	Fixed-off-time control for PFC pre-regulators By C. Adragna	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In addition to Transition Mode (TM) and Fixed-Frequency Continuous Conduction Mode (FF-CCM) operation of PFC pre-regulators a third approach is proposed that couples the simplicity and affordability of TM operation with the high-current capability of FF-CCM operation: it is a peak currentmode control with fixed-OFF-time (FOT control). Its basic characteristics and the benefits brought to PFC pre-regulators will be highlighted and weighed against the drawbacks. Then, with a simplified design-oriented analysis, a large-signal model will be identified. Based on this result, a step-by-step design procedure will be outlined and a real design example will be considered that demonstrates the technique. Finally, the bench evaluation results of the prototyped design example will be presented.

	Characterization and dimensioning of the Cuk converter in power factor correction By F. Lacressonniere; M. Kechmire; B. Cassoret	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the isolated Cuk converter working in Power Factor Correction (PFC) in continuous mode. The converter will be used as a battery charger. The aim of the paper is to study for this operation the stress on the passive and active components. The reduction of the switching losses in the semiconductor components can be achieved with a soft switching snubber. The Cuk converter was analysed in detail by simulation and experiment. These results are presented.

	Novel active filtering function for DPC based three-phase PWM rectifier By M. Cichowlas; M. Malinowski; M. P. Kazmierkowski; M. Jasinski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Now days an active power filters are very important way to increase power quality due to use of various nonlinear loads. This paper presents the active filtering function for PWM rectifiers. Since active power filters are no indispensable and total cost of power quality compensator can be lower. The control algorithm is based on ac line voltage sensorless Direct Power Control with constant switching frequency. Two various schemes, closed and open loop control are presented. The operation of the system is investigated in simulations using SABER package and experimentally verified using laboratory setup based on commercial Danfoss inverter. Obtained results fully confirm suitability of PWM rectifier integration together with power quality compensator. This system improves the supply current harmonic content, power factor displacement and serves as active rectifier for drives and other dc-link loads.

	Small signal analysis of Dither converter with a tapped transformer By V. Tuomainen; J. Kyyrä	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Dither converter with a tapped transformer is a Single-Stage power factor correction converter. The converter is an integration of a buck-boost type converter and a forward converter. Both stages utilize the same single switch, which is used to shape the line current and regulate the output voltage simultaneously. This paper presents a small signal analysis of the Dither converter. Control-to-output and line-to-output transfer functions for the converter are derived in the paper and calculation results of the dynamic behavior of the converter shown. The paper includes also simulation results that verify the analysis.

	Development of a conducted EMI model for an industrial power factor corrector By S. Brehaut; J-C. Le Bunetel; A. Schellmanns; D. Magnon; A. Puzo	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The need to provide a good power factor correction is required in a growing number of applications, as in telecommunications. The boost PFC circuit, widely used to fulfill this requirement, is developed at low and medium power. However, PFC generates electromagnetic interferences in the power converters. We must put an expensive and bulky EMI filter. The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology by calculating the EMI with a developed software. Experiments are performed to verify the consistency with the result of the simulation tool. An industrial PFC for a 600W unit with 230Vac 50Hz input and 380V output has been used for this study.

	Improving the performance of a vector controlled current-source PWM rectifier with distorted supply voltages By M. Salo; H. Tuusa	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Three-phase current-type PWM rectifiers are becoming increasingly popular in power electronic systems due to the tighter EMC regulations. In this paper the control of the current-source PWM rectifier without supply current measurements is discussed. A new control method to compensate the capacitive harmonic currents of the supply filter caused by the distorted supply voltages is presented. Since the supply current measurements are needed neither for protection in current source converters the ac current sensors can be totally eliminated. The function of the proposed control methods are verified by simulation and experiment.

	Practical performance evaluations of improved circuit topology of three phase PFC power converter using four active power switches By K. Nishimura; K. Tachibana; K. Hirachi; S. Moisseev; T. Ahmed; M. Nakaoka	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a steady-state operating principle and unique features of a new prototype circuit of three-phase active PFC power converter treated here. Its harmonic components of utility-grid side line current and unity power factor performance are evaluated and discussed on the basis of the experimental and simulation results as compared with the other conventional types of three-phase PFC converters.

	A stability assesment tool for PFC converter By M. Orabi; T. Ninomiya	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Development of switching power supplies for the telecommunications applications have been drastically moving towards high quality drawn source power. Therefore, Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) converters have been widely used in power electronics. One of the most common circuits used to achieve unity power factor is the boost PFC circuit with average-current-mode control. The main feature of this circuit is using two control loops, feedback and feed-forward, and multiplier. Stability is the most important parameter to achieve the reliability of any system. Stability discussion for boost PFC converter with average-current-mode control is one from the most difficult and interesting subject due to its nonlinearity. In this paper, the stability of this boost PFC circuit is investigated. A novel empirical method to judge the PFC converter stability by comparing the consequence of charging and discharging energy on the output capacitor is proposed and proved by simulation and experiment.