EPE Association: EPE 2003 - Topic 09d: A.C. and D.C. Machines and Drives

EPE 2003 - Topic 09d: A.C. and D.C. Machines and Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 09: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 2003 - Topic 09d: A.C. and D.C. Machines and Drives

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   Feedback gain assignment of an adaptive full-order observer for stabilization of speed-sensorless induction motor drives
By S. Suwankawin; S. Sangwongwanich [View]
[Download]

Abstract: To solve the instability problem of the adaptive observer based sensorless drive, stability conditions of the speed estimation are analytically derived, and a novel design of feedback gains of the observer is proposed to restore the stability for the whole operation especially in the low speed region, including the regenerating mode. Stability improvement using the proposed feedback gains is rigorously proven by the method of Lyapunov. The validity of the theoretical results is verified by simulation and experiment.

   Measurement based model for input impedance of low voltage electric motor at frequency band 10 kHz - 30 MHz
By J. Ahola; T. Lindh; J. Partanen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper input impedances of low voltage electric motors are researched. A series of impedance measurements is carried out for a group of induction motors. The measurements are analysed and a measurement based termination impedance model for the electric motor is formed. In addition, the effect of rotor on the input impedance of motor is researched.

   Fundamental performance of a three-phase parametric induction motor excited by a single-power supply
By Y. Sakamoto; T. Yashima, M. Natsusaka; Y. Satomi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new type of three-phase induction motor excited by a single-phase power supply is proposed. A small-sized trial motor with six poles is made, and an exciting circuit and two parametric oscillation circuits are arranged in the stator. A three-phase rotating field is successfully generated in the stator.

   An unified model to control the DSSM PWM inverter set under balanced and unbalanced functioning
By M. Merabtene; M.F. Benkhoris; R. Le Doeuff [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes an unified model to control the double star synchronous machine (DSSM) of which the two stars are shifted by an angle ã = 30° and fed by PWM inverters. This modelling technique consists to consider the DSSM as three equivalent diphase submachines. The developed model allows analysing the DSSM-PWM inverters set during the normal functioning as well as the functioning with structural unbalance.

   Motor depending harmonic torque pulsations of induction machines - Analysis and compensation techniques using PWM inverter
By D. Hofmeyer [View]
[Download]

Abstract: High efficiency low inertia induction motor drives show characteristic torque harmonics caused by the several effects like machines back emf for example. These oscillations have to be minimized, which could be done by compensators effectivly. The influence of saturation on the amplitude and the angle of the torque oscillations is discussed. A compensation method and measurement results of the current and torque harmonics with and without compensation are presented.

   New modelling methodology for induction machines in hybrid vehicles
By G. Pugsley; C. Chillet; A. Fonseca; A-L. Bui-Van [View]
[Download]

Abstract: To determine the optimal cost-performance-size compromise for induction machine applications in hybrid vehicles, it is necessary to have an accurate parametric model of the machine. A new modelling methodology is proposed to represent the non-linear magnetic behavior in the machine and the subsequent variations with dimensional variations. The model is an improved equivalent circuit of the induction machine where FEM accuracy is combined with the potential of analytical modelling. Only a limited number of FEM simulations is necessary for a complete machine model. This methodology is used on induction machines to determine the maximum performances and the optimal operating map within the power electronics and the thermal cooling limitations.

   Vibrations of the induction motor shaft torque
By P. Salminen; J. Pyrhönen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Induction machine torque pulsation is studied. The aim is to solve the harmonic content of the motor shaft torque. Simulation models are created using Matlab/Simulink and Cedrat’s Flux2D, FEM. Simulation results are compared to measured shaft torque.

   Sensorless induction motor drive incorporating vector controlled scheme PWM inverter-fed with auto-tuning machine parameter estimation strategy
By K. Soshin; Y. Okamura; T. Ahmed; M. Nakaoka [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a feas ible development on a highly accurate quick response adjustable speed drive implementation for general purpose induction motor which operates on the basis of sensorless slip frequency type vector controlled sine -wave PWM inverter with an automatic tuning machine parameter estimation schemes. In the first place, the sensorless vector control theory on the three-phase voltage source -fed inverter induction motor drive system is developed in slip frequency based vector control principle. In the second place, the variable speed induction motor drive system, employing sensorless vector control scheme which is based on three-phase high frequency carrier PWM inverter with automatic tuning estimation schemes of the temperature -depende nt and -independent machine circuit parameters, is practically implemented using DSP-based controller. Finally, the dynamic speed response performances for largely changed load torque disturbances as well as steady state speed vs. torque characteristics of this induction motor control implementation are illustrated and discussed from an experimental point of view.

   Low-ferquency injection-based speed sensorless control of induction motors - applicability and implementation aspects
By Veli-Matti Leppänen [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new method for rotor flux orientation in a speed sensorless induction motor drive has been proposed recently. The method adopts the simple space vector motor model from the fundamental-wave realm, but yet applies a low-frequency signal injection. Driving the response from the mechanical system to zero makes it possible to reach zero stator frequency operation. The original derivation of the method includes various assumptions regarding the controller, the motor and the mechanical load. In this paper, the effect of these assumptions and the applicability of the method are studied. In addition, the range of applicable controller parameter settings is investigated in experiments, where a simplified version of the controller is used.

   Fuzzy adaptive speed estimator for induction motor
By J. Catala; L. Romeral; A. Arias; M.R. Chekkouri [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A novel sensor-less system for induction motors based on an adaptive fuzzy system is designed and fully described. The novelty of this new sensor-less structure is obtained by mixing the open-loop estimator response with the steady-state estimator one. A fuzzy adaptive system weights the two estimated speed values according to the motor operating point. The final speed value is obtained averaging the previously weighted speeds. Moreover, the open-loop estimator response is improved by means of using an adaptive fuzzy controlled filter that selects the optimised cut off frequency. The aim of this system is to obtain a moderate performance without a great computational charge. Besides, the final system is more robust against variations of the internal parameters of the motor. The results validate the entire work, not only in transient and steady state but also in the start-up.

   Design and application of speed estimation for single-phase induction motors
By S. Vaez-Zadeh; A. Payman [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A speed estimation method for single-phase induction motors is proposed based on a machine model in the stator flux reference frame. The method is examined in a motor torque optimizing system that requires a speed signal over a wide operating range. Extensive simulation results prove the validity of the proposed method.

   Identification of saturated induction motor parameters from transient stator current measurement
By M. Bounekhla; M.E. Zaïm; A. Rezzoug [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a method to estimate the electrical and the mechanical parameters of an induction machine including the saturation effect. The Hooke and Jeeves algorithm is applied as a technique to minimize an objective function represented by the quadratic output error between the measured and the calculated current during the starting of the machine. The validation of the method is obtained from experiments carried out on 1.5 kW, 1500-rpm machine.

   Stator flux oriented control of a doubly fed induction machine
By P.-E. Vidal; M. Pietrzak-David; B. de Fornel [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) of which each stator and rotor is supplied by individual Pulse Width Modulation voltage inverter. The control strategy proposed is a stator flux oriented control, based on global power distribution between the stator and the rotor circuit. A mathematical model is defined in a stator reference frame. Transient and steady states behaviour are validated by "SABER" software simulations with all sampling control strategy implemented in C language and introduced in SABER environment.

   Analysis of and compensation for cross saturation due to skew leakage in indirect field orientated induction motor drives
By D. Peters; H. Mitlehner; R. Elpelt; R. Schörner; D. Stephani [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Normally-off n-type inversion channel mode SiC-MOSFETs blocking voltages between 1200 V and 3000 V are presented and discussed. The on-resistance of a 3kV blocking device with 1.45 mm2 active area amounts to 3 W at room temperature, corresponding to a specific on-resistance of 45 mWcm2. This value is taken at 20V gate source voltage corresponding to an electrical field strength in the gate oxide of 2.6 MV/cm. The 4H SiC MOSFET utilizes a 76 nm thick thermal grown gate oxide and a polycrystalline silicon gate electrode. This oxide thickness provides a significantly improved reliability as demonstrated in first reliability tests of 1200V. The temperature coefficient of the onresistance is positive and allows easy paralleling of these devices. At a drain current of 1 A in on-state the drain source voltage rises from 3.8 V at 25°C to 5.2 V at a junction temperature of 150°C. The inversion channel mobility could be improved to 10 cm2 /Vs at room temperature. For this case the channel resistance still dominates the overall on-resistance but decreases with temperature. At 150 °C the channel contributes 20% to the on-resistance. In contrast to high voltage silicon MOSFETs the reverse diode of the SiC MOSFET exhibits excellent switching behavior and might be used as the free wheeling diode.

   Control strategy for doubly fed induction machine base on state feedback
By R. Peña; R. Cárdenas; D. Soto; J. Proboste; R. Blasco-Gimenez [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The standard approach for the vector control of either the stator or rotor currents in doubly fed induction machines uses PI controller to process the d-q current error. Compensation terms are then added to the output of each controller to generate the reference voltage signal for the rotor side PWM converter. A synchronous rotating frame aligned with the stator flux or the stator voltage can be used with similar results. When the d-q rotor/estator currents are controlled then the stator/rotor current dynamics remain uncontrolled. The uncontrolled currents present oscillations with none or poor damping. In this paper, in order to have a full control of the stator and rotor currents and correspondingly improve the dynamics of the stator and rotor currents a scheme based on state feedback is presented. Integral compensation is added in order to assure zero steady state error for either the stator or rotor current control for step reference changes. Provided that the augmented system is controllable then the dynamics of the currents can be set by a pole position procedure and therefore the current oscillations can be eliminated. The modelling and simulation results are presented. The strategy has been used to control the electrical torque of a doubly–fed induction machine driven by a variable speed wind turbine in order to maximise the energy capture.

   Dynamics of generator-units for induction motors feeding
By M. Miroševic; Z. Maljkovic; M. Milkovic [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper analyses the dynamics of generator-units for feeding induction motor drives. A unique mathematical model of integral motor drives has been developed, consisting of: a diesel engine, a synchronous generator and two non-regulated motor drives fed directly from generator-unit terminals.

   Direct drives with revolving and linear motors-state of the art and future tendencies
By P.-K. Budig [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Direct drives are made with revolving and linear actuators as well. It is of significance that the actuator and the aggregat are integrated to a unit. Thus the number of components is reduced. The new technique demands for a strict cooperation of the aggregat and actuator designer. The main advantages are more simple design, no gear- box, less maintenance and last but not least better dynamic performance. Some examples of application are discussed. To decrease the costs the attemp was made to develope a low- cost inverter and a low- cost position sensor for the linear drive systems.

   Directly-driven inductor wind generator of ring construction
By L. Ribickis; V. Pugachov; N. Levin; M. Manonov [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A design of the inductor generator for 12-kW wind plants is considered, with the rotational speed of 100 min-1, directly driven from a wind turbine without a step-up multiplier. The generator is ring-wise, with an increased ratio of recess diameter D to the core length L (D/L=11.6). The rotor of the generator is fastened on the shaft through a lightened non-magnetic sleeve. The mass of the generator is 280 kg, its efficiency - 0.86 %.

EPE 2003 - Topic 09d: A.C. and D.C. Machines and Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2003 - Conference > EPE 2003 - Topic 09: ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES > EPE 2003 - Topic 09d: A.C. and D.C. Machines and Drives
	[return to parent folder]

	Feedback gain assignment of an adaptive full-order observer for stabilization of speed-sensorless induction motor drives By S. Suwankawin; S. Sangwongwanich	[View] [Download]
Abstract: To solve the instability problem of the adaptive observer based sensorless drive, stability conditions of the speed estimation are analytically derived, and a novel design of feedback gains of the observer is proposed to restore the stability for the whole operation especially in the low speed region, including the regenerating mode. Stability improvement using the proposed feedback gains is rigorously proven by the method of Lyapunov. The validity of the theoretical results is verified by simulation and experiment.

	Measurement based model for input impedance of low voltage electric motor at frequency band 10 kHz - 30 MHz By J. Ahola; T. Lindh; J. Partanen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper input impedances of low voltage electric motors are researched. A series of impedance measurements is carried out for a group of induction motors. The measurements are analysed and a measurement based termination impedance model for the electric motor is formed. In addition, the effect of rotor on the input impedance of motor is researched.

	Fundamental performance of a three-phase parametric induction motor excited by a single-power supply By Y. Sakamoto; T. Yashima, M. Natsusaka; Y. Satomi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new type of three-phase induction motor excited by a single-phase power supply is proposed. A small-sized trial motor with six poles is made, and an exciting circuit and two parametric oscillation circuits are arranged in the stator. A three-phase rotating field is successfully generated in the stator.

	An unified model to control the DSSM PWM inverter set under balanced and unbalanced functioning By M. Merabtene; M.F. Benkhoris; R. Le Doeuff	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes an unified model to control the double star synchronous machine (DSSM) of which the two stars are shifted by an angle ã = 30° and fed by PWM inverters. This modelling technique consists to consider the DSSM as three equivalent diphase submachines. The developed model allows analysing the DSSM-PWM inverters set during the normal functioning as well as the functioning with structural unbalance.

	Motor depending harmonic torque pulsations of induction machines - Analysis and compensation techniques using PWM inverter By D. Hofmeyer	[View] [Download]
Abstract: High efficiency low inertia induction motor drives show characteristic torque harmonics caused by the several effects like machines back emf for example. These oscillations have to be minimized, which could be done by compensators effectivly. The influence of saturation on the amplitude and the angle of the torque oscillations is discussed. A compensation method and measurement results of the current and torque harmonics with and without compensation are presented.

	New modelling methodology for induction machines in hybrid vehicles By G. Pugsley; C. Chillet; A. Fonseca; A-L. Bui-Van	[View] [Download]
Abstract: To determine the optimal cost-performance-size compromise for induction machine applications in hybrid vehicles, it is necessary to have an accurate parametric model of the machine. A new modelling methodology is proposed to represent the non-linear magnetic behavior in the machine and the subsequent variations with dimensional variations. The model is an improved equivalent circuit of the induction machine where FEM accuracy is combined with the potential of analytical modelling. Only a limited number of FEM simulations is necessary for a complete machine model. This methodology is used on induction machines to determine the maximum performances and the optimal operating map within the power electronics and the thermal cooling limitations.

	Vibrations of the induction motor shaft torque By P. Salminen; J. Pyrhönen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Induction machine torque pulsation is studied. The aim is to solve the harmonic content of the motor shaft torque. Simulation models are created using Matlab/Simulink and Cedrat’s Flux2D, FEM. Simulation results are compared to measured shaft torque.

	Sensorless induction motor drive incorporating vector controlled scheme PWM inverter-fed with auto-tuning machine parameter estimation strategy By K. Soshin; Y. Okamura; T. Ahmed; M. Nakaoka	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a feas ible development on a highly accurate quick response adjustable speed drive implementation for general purpose induction motor which operates on the basis of sensorless slip frequency type vector controlled sine -wave PWM inverter with an automatic tuning machine parameter estimation schemes. In the first place, the sensorless vector control theory on the three-phase voltage source -fed inverter induction motor drive system is developed in slip frequency based vector control principle. In the second place, the variable speed induction motor drive system, employing sensorless vector control scheme which is based on three-phase high frequency carrier PWM inverter with automatic tuning estimation schemes of the temperature -depende nt and -independent machine circuit parameters, is practically implemented using DSP-based controller. Finally, the dynamic speed response performances for largely changed load torque disturbances as well as steady state speed vs. torque characteristics of this induction motor control implementation are illustrated and discussed from an experimental point of view.

	Low-ferquency injection-based speed sensorless control of induction motors - applicability and implementation aspects By Veli-Matti Leppänen	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new method for rotor flux orientation in a speed sensorless induction motor drive has been proposed recently. The method adopts the simple space vector motor model from the fundamental-wave realm, but yet applies a low-frequency signal injection. Driving the response from the mechanical system to zero makes it possible to reach zero stator frequency operation. The original derivation of the method includes various assumptions regarding the controller, the motor and the mechanical load. In this paper, the effect of these assumptions and the applicability of the method are studied. In addition, the range of applicable controller parameter settings is investigated in experiments, where a simplified version of the controller is used.

	Fuzzy adaptive speed estimator for induction motor By J. Catala; L. Romeral; A. Arias; M.R. Chekkouri	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A novel sensor-less system for induction motors based on an adaptive fuzzy system is designed and fully described. The novelty of this new sensor-less structure is obtained by mixing the open-loop estimator response with the steady-state estimator one. A fuzzy adaptive system weights the two estimated speed values according to the motor operating point. The final speed value is obtained averaging the previously weighted speeds. Moreover, the open-loop estimator response is improved by means of using an adaptive fuzzy controlled filter that selects the optimised cut off frequency. The aim of this system is to obtain a moderate performance without a great computational charge. Besides, the final system is more robust against variations of the internal parameters of the motor. The results validate the entire work, not only in transient and steady state but also in the start-up.

	Design and application of speed estimation for single-phase induction motors By S. Vaez-Zadeh; A. Payman	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A speed estimation method for single-phase induction motors is proposed based on a machine model in the stator flux reference frame. The method is examined in a motor torque optimizing system that requires a speed signal over a wide operating range. Extensive simulation results prove the validity of the proposed method.

	Identification of saturated induction motor parameters from transient stator current measurement By M. Bounekhla; M.E. Zaïm; A. Rezzoug	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a method to estimate the electrical and the mechanical parameters of an induction machine including the saturation effect. The Hooke and Jeeves algorithm is applied as a technique to minimize an objective function represented by the quadratic output error between the measured and the calculated current during the starting of the machine. The validation of the method is obtained from experiments carried out on 1.5 kW, 1500-rpm machine.

	Stator flux oriented control of a doubly fed induction machine By P.-E. Vidal; M. Pietrzak-David; B. de Fornel	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) of which each stator and rotor is supplied by individual Pulse Width Modulation voltage inverter. The control strategy proposed is a stator flux oriented control, based on global power distribution between the stator and the rotor circuit. A mathematical model is defined in a stator reference frame. Transient and steady states behaviour are validated by "SABER" software simulations with all sampling control strategy implemented in C language and introduced in SABER environment.

	Analysis of and compensation for cross saturation due to skew leakage in indirect field orientated induction motor drives By D. Peters; H. Mitlehner; R. Elpelt; R. Schörner; D. Stephani	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Normally-off n-type inversion channel mode SiC-MOSFETs blocking voltages between 1200 V and 3000 V are presented and discussed. The on-resistance of a 3kV blocking device with 1.45 mm2 active area amounts to 3 W at room temperature, corresponding to a specific on-resistance of 45 mWcm2. This value is taken at 20V gate source voltage corresponding to an electrical field strength in the gate oxide of 2.6 MV/cm. The 4H SiC MOSFET utilizes a 76 nm thick thermal grown gate oxide and a polycrystalline silicon gate electrode. This oxide thickness provides a significantly improved reliability as demonstrated in first reliability tests of 1200V. The temperature coefficient of the onresistance is positive and allows easy paralleling of these devices. At a drain current of 1 A in on-state the drain source voltage rises from 3.8 V at 25°C to 5.2 V at a junction temperature of 150°C. The inversion channel mobility could be improved to 10 cm2 /Vs at room temperature. For this case the channel resistance still dominates the overall on-resistance but decreases with temperature. At 150 °C the channel contributes 20% to the on-resistance. In contrast to high voltage silicon MOSFETs the reverse diode of the SiC MOSFET exhibits excellent switching behavior and might be used as the free wheeling diode.

	Control strategy for doubly fed induction machine base on state feedback By R. Peña; R. Cárdenas; D. Soto; J. Proboste; R. Blasco-Gimenez	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The standard approach for the vector control of either the stator or rotor currents in doubly fed induction machines uses PI controller to process the d-q current error. Compensation terms are then added to the output of each controller to generate the reference voltage signal for the rotor side PWM converter. A synchronous rotating frame aligned with the stator flux or the stator voltage can be used with similar results. When the d-q rotor/estator currents are controlled then the stator/rotor current dynamics remain uncontrolled. The uncontrolled currents present oscillations with none or poor damping. In this paper, in order to have a full control of the stator and rotor currents and correspondingly improve the dynamics of the stator and rotor currents a scheme based on state feedback is presented. Integral compensation is added in order to assure zero steady state error for either the stator or rotor current control for step reference changes. Provided that the augmented system is controllable then the dynamics of the currents can be set by a pole position procedure and therefore the current oscillations can be eliminated. The modelling and simulation results are presented. The strategy has been used to control the electrical torque of a doubly–fed induction machine driven by a variable speed wind turbine in order to maximise the energy capture.

	Dynamics of generator-units for induction motors feeding By M. Miroševic; Z. Maljkovic; M. Milkovic	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper analyses the dynamics of generator-units for feeding induction motor drives. A unique mathematical model of integral motor drives has been developed, consisting of: a diesel engine, a synchronous generator and two non-regulated motor drives fed directly from generator-unit terminals.

	Direct drives with revolving and linear motors-state of the art and future tendencies By P.-K. Budig	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Direct drives are made with revolving and linear actuators as well. It is of significance that the actuator and the aggregat are integrated to a unit. Thus the number of components is reduced. The new technique demands for a strict cooperation of the aggregat and actuator designer. The main advantages are more simple design, no gear- box, less maintenance and last but not least better dynamic performance. Some examples of application are discussed. To decrease the costs the attemp was made to develope a low- cost inverter and a low- cost position sensor for the linear drive systems.

	Directly-driven inductor wind generator of ring construction By L. Ribickis; V. Pugachov; N. Levin; M. Manonov	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A design of the inductor generator for 12-kW wind plants is considered, with the rotational speed of 100 min-1, directly driven from a wind turbine without a step-up multiplier. The generator is ring-wise, with an increased ratio of recess diameter D to the core length L (D/L=11.6). The rotor of the generator is fastened on the shaft through a lightened non-magnetic sleeve. The mass of the generator is 280 kg, its efficiency - 0.86 %.