EPE Association: EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 04: Electromagnetic Compatibility

EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 04: Electromagnetic Compatibility
You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 04: Electromagnetic Compatibility

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   A Current Control for Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filters
By A. Dell'Aquila; A. Lecci [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An active filter has been proposed to compensate harmonic distortion, line neutral current and reactive power in three-phase four-wire systems. Focus has been addressed to current control in order to achieve an optimum current tracking by means of fixed frequency driving signals. The effectiveness of proposed control has been proved in simulation where the harmonic pollution and unbalance caused by a highly distorting load have been drastically reduced.

   A DSP Based System for Power Quality Indexes Determination Under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions
By A. Costanzo; S. Lovera; F. Magnago [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a DSP based system for power quality indexes determination. The electric power is determined based on the apparent power definition and the instant power theory and evaluated under non sinusoidal conditions. Non sinusoidal voltage and current signals are first input to a digital signal processor (DSP), where signals are processed, and the electric power and related power quality indexes are determined. The main advantage of the implemented system is the simplicity of the algorithm for power quality indexes calculation under non sinusoidal conditions. Experimental and simulated results are shown to demonstrate 1) the impact of non sinusoidal signals on the power calculation 2) the advantages of using DSP for power quality index determination

   Conducted EMI in Four-Quadrant AC Drive System
By A. Kempski; R. Strzelecki; R. Smolenski [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper we have studied the spreading of conducted EMI noises on both sides of a four-quadrant frequency converter. Measurements have been done in both the time and the frequency domains. Measurements have allowed us to determine the real paths of EMI noises that is essential for the selection of interference elimination methods.

   Conducted emissions of electronic power sources for resistance welding
By H. Mecke; R. Doebbelin; Th. Winkler [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The power parameters and mostly discontinuous operation of resistance welding machines result in several special aspects regarding measurements of the electromagnetic emissions of these machines. These peculiarities which are explained in the paper primarily relate to the decoupling of the disturbance voltages, to the coordination between the operation of the resistance welding machine and the measuring sequence of the EMI (electromagnetic interference) receiver as well as to the choice of the disturbance voltage level evaluation performed by the EMI receiver. Furthermore, investigations into factors influencing conducted emissions and noise mitigation measures are presented. While those influences which originate from the welding process are insignificant, the power sections of the machines with the power semiconductors used there proved to be the major sources of electromagnetic emissions. Concerning noise reduction the effects of mains filters and noise-suppression capacitors are compared.

   Impact of ASD EMI Emissions on Wireless Communications
By G. Sisul; B. Modlic; D. Ban [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) drives have the ability to cause EMI. The impact of Modern Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) on wireless communications is investigated. Electromagnetic (EM) field in ASD environments was measured. The measurements were focused on frequencies used for radioservices where radiated emission may produce problems (ie. AM broadcasting). The measuring results show that modern Adjustable Speed Drives may disturb wireless communications that operate at LF and MF frequencies (up to couple MHz). They may also cause health hazards to humans if the maintenance works are carried out during the ASD operation while the cabinet door is open.

   Magnetic Field Distribution in GMR Sensor Structure and Sensors Application Aspects
By M. Miller; V. Ac [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with characteristics of magnetic sensor structures based on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect for smart power systems usage in position of local sensing of magnetic field intensity. Simulation results of magnetic field distribution in layered ferromagnetic sensor microstructure show the limitation of possibilities in non-conventional applications of GMR magnetic sensors in mechatronic systems.

   New Power Quality Assessment Indices for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems under Unbalanced and Non-Sinusoidal Conditions
By A. Dell'Aquila; P. Zanchetta; V. G. Monopoli; M. Marinelli [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this work new indices to evaluate (in terms of distortion and unbalance) the quality of the power absorbed by a non-linear and unbalanced load have been proposed. Simulations and experimental tests have been carried out proving that these new indices are less sensitive to the network voltage conditions than the traditional ones.

   Reducing Costs for a Fuzzy Controlled Shunt Active Filter under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions
By A. Dell'Aquila; A. Lecci; V. G. Monopoli [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Active power filters (APFs) are an effective tool against several disturbances affecting the electric grid. Their proper operation ensures a general increase of power quality on the grid and as a consequence they avoid that disturbances generated by highly polluting loads may affect other users. If remedies were applied by a large amount of facilities and customers, distorted waveforms would be bounded to a restricted area and could not propagate across the electric grid. Nowadays a large debate is still open among the researchers on how to share the responsibility on the power quality deterioration between customers and utilities. Perhaps in the future electrical utilities will introduce tariffs to penalize customers who are responsible for a big amount of harmonic distortion. Today this does not happen. For this reason highly polluting customers don’t realize any kind of economic convenience in using such devices. So the aim of this work is to find a solution to achieve active filters cost reduction. The proposed solution, relevant to single phase non-linear loads, relies on using both a current reference different from the classical one and a fuzzy logic based control technique. Proposed approach allows proper disturbance compensation with lower switching frequency and low power level involved as pointed out by simulation results.

   Source Detection of 100 Hz Current in a Static System Tie Converter
By H. Weiss; A. Effenberger [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The static system tie frequency converter E5 at Nuernberg/Germany with GTOs at the three-phase as well as the railway supply side feeds directly into the overhead traction line at an output voltage of 16.5 kV nominal and at the frequency of about 16.7 Hz. For signalling purposes (free track signal 100 Hz) the current component of 100 Hz (the 6th harmonic) produced by the system tie converter has to be extremely low. However, also from the line or load, 100 Hz current components are generated which the converter is not responsible for. The special design and measurement circuitry enables distinguishing between critical internal and given external 100 Hz current sources. At the single phase output, the current at the transformer as well as the line output current is measured. In between the current measurement spots there is a filter unit. Taking the 6th harmonic in amplitude and phase of the 2 measured currents into a computation the internally and the externally originating harmonic currents can be separated. Thus the converter control can minimise the internal 100 Hz component while not being influenced by the external harmonic current.

   The Influence of Certain PWM Methods on the Quality of Input Energy of the Asynchronous Motor and Frequency Converters Driving System
By M. Popescu; A. Bitoleanu [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The growth of the using of driving systems with static converters opened new frontiers for the influence on the quality of the energy. The more and more severe regulations in this field determine the need to identify all the solutions for reducing the negative effects on the net of the static converters. In this paper, a complete algorithm was elaborated for the energetical analysis of the electrical driving systems with induction motor and static converter. Three modulation methods were considered: sinusoidal modulation (SM), frequency modulation (FM) and harmonics elimination modulation (HEM). The results are analysed and compared by computer simulations and experimental results.

   The Wavelet Analysis of Electrical Impulse Phenomena
By O. Smotlacha; J. Zacek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents some aspects of analysing surge propagation in electrical systems. It discusses the use of Wavelet transformation for this domain as well as the choice of a mother wavelet appropriate for representing signals with an impulse waveform. The simple wavelet model of a linear time invariant system (LTI) is described too. The wavelet model of a real transformer is presented.

   Total harmonic current of a large number of non-linear single phase loads
By J. Desmet; R. Belmans; G. Vanalme; I. Sweertvaegher [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The cumulative harmonic currents of a large number of non-linear single phase loads, particularly PC’s and monitors, are investigated experimentally. In reference [1], it is shown, by means of an analytical model, that there is a significant attenuation of the current harmonics above the third when a large number of such loads is considered. In this paper, the simulation results are verified by measurements.

EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 04: Electromagnetic Compatibility
You are here: EPE Documents > 04 - EPE-PEMC Conference Proceedings > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Conference > EPE-PEMC 2002 - Topic 04: Electromagnetic Compatibility
	[return to parent folder]

	A Current Control for Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filters By A. Dell'Aquila; A. Lecci	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An active filter has been proposed to compensate harmonic distortion, line neutral current and reactive power in three-phase four-wire systems. Focus has been addressed to current control in order to achieve an optimum current tracking by means of fixed frequency driving signals. The effectiveness of proposed control has been proved in simulation where the harmonic pollution and unbalance caused by a highly distorting load have been drastically reduced.

	A DSP Based System for Power Quality Indexes Determination Under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions By A. Costanzo; S. Lovera; F. Magnago	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a DSP based system for power quality indexes determination. The electric power is determined based on the apparent power definition and the instant power theory and evaluated under non sinusoidal conditions. Non sinusoidal voltage and current signals are first input to a digital signal processor (DSP), where signals are processed, and the electric power and related power quality indexes are determined. The main advantage of the implemented system is the simplicity of the algorithm for power quality indexes calculation under non sinusoidal conditions. Experimental and simulated results are shown to demonstrate 1) the impact of non sinusoidal signals on the power calculation 2) the advantages of using DSP for power quality index determination

	Conducted EMI in Four-Quadrant AC Drive System By A. Kempski; R. Strzelecki; R. Smolenski	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper we have studied the spreading of conducted EMI noises on both sides of a four-quadrant frequency converter. Measurements have been done in both the time and the frequency domains. Measurements have allowed us to determine the real paths of EMI noises that is essential for the selection of interference elimination methods.

	Conducted emissions of electronic power sources for resistance welding By H. Mecke; R. Doebbelin; Th. Winkler	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The power parameters and mostly discontinuous operation of resistance welding machines result in several special aspects regarding measurements of the electromagnetic emissions of these machines. These peculiarities which are explained in the paper primarily relate to the decoupling of the disturbance voltages, to the coordination between the operation of the resistance welding machine and the measuring sequence of the EMI (electromagnetic interference) receiver as well as to the choice of the disturbance voltage level evaluation performed by the EMI receiver. Furthermore, investigations into factors influencing conducted emissions and noise mitigation measures are presented. While those influences which originate from the welding process are insignificant, the power sections of the machines with the power semiconductors used there proved to be the major sources of electromagnetic emissions. Concerning noise reduction the effects of mains filters and noise-suppression capacitors are compared.

	Impact of ASD EMI Emissions on Wireless Communications By G. Sisul; B. Modlic; D. Ban	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) drives have the ability to cause EMI. The impact of Modern Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) on wireless communications is investigated. Electromagnetic (EM) field in ASD environments was measured. The measurements were focused on frequencies used for radioservices where radiated emission may produce problems (ie. AM broadcasting). The measuring results show that modern Adjustable Speed Drives may disturb wireless communications that operate at LF and MF frequencies (up to couple MHz). They may also cause health hazards to humans if the maintenance works are carried out during the ASD operation while the cabinet door is open.

	Magnetic Field Distribution in GMR Sensor Structure and Sensors Application Aspects By M. Miller; V. Ac	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with characteristics of magnetic sensor structures based on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect for smart power systems usage in position of local sensing of magnetic field intensity. Simulation results of magnetic field distribution in layered ferromagnetic sensor microstructure show the limitation of possibilities in non-conventional applications of GMR magnetic sensors in mechatronic systems.

	New Power Quality Assessment Indices for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems under Unbalanced and Non-Sinusoidal Conditions By A. Dell'Aquila; P. Zanchetta; V. G. Monopoli; M. Marinelli	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this work new indices to evaluate (in terms of distortion and unbalance) the quality of the power absorbed by a non-linear and unbalanced load have been proposed. Simulations and experimental tests have been carried out proving that these new indices are less sensitive to the network voltage conditions than the traditional ones.

	Reducing Costs for a Fuzzy Controlled Shunt Active Filter under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions By A. Dell'Aquila; A. Lecci; V. G. Monopoli	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Active power filters (APFs) are an effective tool against several disturbances affecting the electric grid. Their proper operation ensures a general increase of power quality on the grid and as a consequence they avoid that disturbances generated by highly polluting loads may affect other users. If remedies were applied by a large amount of facilities and customers, distorted waveforms would be bounded to a restricted area and could not propagate across the electric grid. Nowadays a large debate is still open among the researchers on how to share the responsibility on the power quality deterioration between customers and utilities. Perhaps in the future electrical utilities will introduce tariffs to penalize customers who are responsible for a big amount of harmonic distortion. Today this does not happen. For this reason highly polluting customers don’t realize any kind of economic convenience in using such devices. So the aim of this work is to find a solution to achieve active filters cost reduction. The proposed solution, relevant to single phase non-linear loads, relies on using both a current reference different from the classical one and a fuzzy logic based control technique. Proposed approach allows proper disturbance compensation with lower switching frequency and low power level involved as pointed out by simulation results.

	Source Detection of 100 Hz Current in a Static System Tie Converter By H. Weiss; A. Effenberger	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The static system tie frequency converter E5 at Nuernberg/Germany with GTOs at the three-phase as well as the railway supply side feeds directly into the overhead traction line at an output voltage of 16.5 kV nominal and at the frequency of about 16.7 Hz. For signalling purposes (free track signal 100 Hz) the current component of 100 Hz (the 6th harmonic) produced by the system tie converter has to be extremely low. However, also from the line or load, 100 Hz current components are generated which the converter is not responsible for. The special design and measurement circuitry enables distinguishing between critical internal and given external 100 Hz current sources. At the single phase output, the current at the transformer as well as the line output current is measured. In between the current measurement spots there is a filter unit. Taking the 6th harmonic in amplitude and phase of the 2 measured currents into a computation the internally and the externally originating harmonic currents can be separated. Thus the converter control can minimise the internal 100 Hz component while not being influenced by the external harmonic current.

	The Influence of Certain PWM Methods on the Quality of Input Energy of the Asynchronous Motor and Frequency Converters Driving System By M. Popescu; A. Bitoleanu	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The growth of the using of driving systems with static converters opened new frontiers for the influence on the quality of the energy. The more and more severe regulations in this field determine the need to identify all the solutions for reducing the negative effects on the net of the static converters. In this paper, a complete algorithm was elaborated for the energetical analysis of the electrical driving systems with induction motor and static converter. Three modulation methods were considered: sinusoidal modulation (SM), frequency modulation (FM) and harmonics elimination modulation (HEM). The results are analysed and compared by computer simulations and experimental results.

	The Wavelet Analysis of Electrical Impulse Phenomena By O. Smotlacha; J. Zacek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents some aspects of analysing surge propagation in electrical systems. It discusses the use of Wavelet transformation for this domain as well as the choice of a mother wavelet appropriate for representing signals with an impulse waveform. The simple wavelet model of a linear time invariant system (LTI) is described too. The wavelet model of a real transformer is presented.

	Total harmonic current of a large number of non-linear single phase loads By J. Desmet; R. Belmans; G. Vanalme; I. Sweertvaegher	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The cumulative harmonic currents of a large number of non-linear single phase loads, particularly PC’s and monitors, are investigated experimentally. In reference [1], it is shown, by means of an analytical model, that there is a significant attenuation of the current harmonics above the third when a large number of such loads is considered. In this paper, the simulation results are verified by measurements.