EPE Association: EPE 2001 - Topic 03e: Power Factor Correction

EPE 2001 - Topic 03e: Power Factor Correction
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2001 - Conference > EPE 2001 - Topic 03: POWER SUPPLIES > EPE 2001 - Topic 03e: Power Factor Correction

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   A BIBRED with improved output voltage
By V. Tuomainen; J. Kyyrä [View]
[Download]

Abstract: BIBRED is a well-known Single-Stage AC/DC converter. It is able to produce an input current with low harmonic content and a regulated and isolated output voltage with only one switching stage. Input stage is kept in discontinuous conduction mode and the duty ratio is kept essentially constant during a line cycle in order to get a sinusoidal input current. This leads however to a harmful voltage ripple on the output voltage at double line frequency and in the worst case a low frequency oscillation between the output side capacitors of BIBRED. The origin of the problem and the operation principles of the converter are presented and discussed in the paper. A simple way to avoid the ripple on the output voltage and to damp the oscillation without actively controlling the circuit is presented in the paper. It is shown that a diode in series with the output inductor attenuates the ripple at the output and confines the ripple to the auxiliary capacitor at the secondary side of BIBRED. Simulated and measured results are shown in the paper.

   A Single-Phase Buck Rectifier with Wide Ranging Output Voltage
By V. Fernao Pires [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a new single-phase single-stage Buck rectifier with low effects on the main will be presented and discussed. This topology allows obtaining an input source current presenting low harmonic content and behaving as high power factor loads. The output voltage wide range is the main advantage over the known topologies. In the known topologies the output voltage is lower than the peak of the input ac voltage. For the new topology the output voltage is lower than the double of the peak of the input ac voltage. Therefore the output voltage range is increased two times. To achieve sinusoidal input current and high power factor, sliding mode control of the input current is proposed. A Proportional Integral (PI) controller is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the converter.

   By-Pass Thyristor Based Method for Minimizing the Reactive Power...
By A. A. Aboul-Naga; A. R. Amin; M. M. Atout [View]
[Download]

Abstract: As a method for improving the input power factor of an AC-DC converter, a novel by-pass thyristor technique is proposed. Its commutation mechanism is described. The experimental and theoretical results are given which show a good input power factor, a good waveform of line current and a wide adjustable range of DC output voltage.

   Design and Experimental Analysis of a 3phase Single-Stage 8.5kW Buck-Derived PWM-Rectifier System (VIENNA Rectifier III)
By F. Stoegerer; J. W. Kolar [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a practical investigation of a VIENNA Rectifier III is presented. The stresses on the power components are calculated in analytical form based on the analysis of an equivalent DC/DC converter system. This gives the basis for the dimensioning and practical realization of a 8.5kW 400VAC/48VDC prototype of the system. There, for system control an outer output voltage control loop and an inner output inductor current control loop are provided and implemented on a digital signal processor (ADSP 21061) which transfers the relative on-times of the power transistors to an EPLD for generation of the gating signals of the power transistors. Finally, the dependency of the efficiency, of the power factor and of the THD of the mains current on the output power as gained from measurements on the prototype are given.

   Design of a 2.0kW on – board charger for electric vehicles with sinusoidal input characteristics
By E. Tatakis; N. Papanikolaou; E. Rikos [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the design procedure of a single phase 2.0kW on – board charger for electric vehicles (EVs). The design strategy that will be followed manages to combine the appropriate regulation of the mains current, as well as the charging current, among with a simplified P.F.C. control loop that does not include an input current sensing stage. Moreover, the power stage is simplified too, as it is consisted of a single converter only and thus producing high power density. The whole design procedure, as well as simulation and experimental results for this charger and comparison with an additional thyristorised one, will be presented.

   Fast AC/DC converter with unity power factor using the RCC
By J-C. Le Claire [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes a Power Factor Correction of an AC/DC power converter using a recent Resonant Current Controller (RCC). The investigated converter involves an input passive filter in order to remove the inter-modulation frequencies due to the pulse modulation. The Resonant Current Controller regulates the AC/DC inverter input current whose shape depends on the utility waveform. Therefore, the RCC criterion is investigated. Thereafter, as the chosen filter suits to the RCC operating modes, we target a nearly unity power factor. Indeed, due to the accurate tracking of the RCC, the inverter input current accurately tracks the network voltage waveform. Results demonstrate the excellent RCC behaviour in the proposed scheme and agree with the simulated ones.

   Hybrid Power Factor Correction
By W.G.M. Ettes; A. Bron [View]
[Download]

Abstract: To reduce the amplitude of the higher harmonics of the line current, rectifiers with both active and passive filters are widely used. These so called Power Factor Corrector’s (PFC’s) can be grouped into three kinds: active PFC, passive PFC and hybrid PFC. The active PFC’s draw a ‘perfect’ line current from the mains but due to the HF switching process additional noise and losses are introduced. Passive PFC’s are very simple to apply but they are bulky and stabilisation of the DC output voltage is absent. Although the line current is distorted with higher harmonics, the passive PFC complies with the IEC-61000-3-2 guideline if the filter inductor value is properly designed. A further reduction of the size and weight of the filter inductor of the passive PFC is possible if the hybrid PFC method is applied. The hybrid PFC exists of a parallel connection of a passive and an active PFC. In this paper the design of a 1 kW hybrid PFC is described which complies with the IEC-61000-3-2 guideline. The main objective of the hybrid PFC design is to reduce the size and cost of a passive PFC, without adding complexity too much.

   Ripple power re-rectification
By T. Sakkos; V. Sarv; J. Järvik [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Efficient two-stage power factor correctors for three-phase diode rectifiers to ensure a close-to-unity power factor are proposed, analyzed, and verified. The technique proposed is based on the ripplepower re-rectification into an additional quantity of the DC output power. The new schemes contain a series-resonant third-harmonic filter and a low-power auxiliary AC-DC converter for optimum ripplepower re-rectification. An advantage of the new schemes is elimination of the magnetic thirdharmonic current injection device used in the previous schemes. The high values of the power factor hold in the wide range of the load and supply-voltage variation.

   Single stage resonant PFC rectifier based on LCT integrated device
By K. Laouamri; J.-P. Ferrieux; J. C. Crebier [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the literature, several AC/DC converters are studied and presented. All kinds of topologies and techniques are covered under this topic. This includes single-switch, half-bridge and full bridge topologies as well as hard, quasi-resonant and resonant switching. Different techniques are also developed to control these converters ensuring high power factor. The aim of this paper is to present a low-cost solution for low-power applications. A high frequency AC to DC converter that respects the EN 6100-3-2 standard and suitable for applications in the power range of 300 W, is presented. Its topology is based on full-bridge series-resonant converter that operates below the half of resonant frequency. The converter features zero-current for both turn-on and turn-off and reduces switchingcurrent for the output rectifier. These advantages make the series-resonant topology suitable for operation at high frequency. Thus, electromagnetic integration of the LCT network (Inductor- Capacitor-Transformer) will be successfully applied owing to the fact that the values of the inductor and capacitor are relatively small at this range of frequency. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.

EPE 2001 - Topic 03e: Power Factor Correction
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2001 - Conference > EPE 2001 - Topic 03: POWER SUPPLIES > EPE 2001 - Topic 03e: Power Factor Correction
	[return to parent folder]

	A BIBRED with improved output voltage By V. Tuomainen; J. Kyyrä	[View] [Download]
Abstract: BIBRED is a well-known Single-Stage AC/DC converter. It is able to produce an input current with low harmonic content and a regulated and isolated output voltage with only one switching stage. Input stage is kept in discontinuous conduction mode and the duty ratio is kept essentially constant during a line cycle in order to get a sinusoidal input current. This leads however to a harmful voltage ripple on the output voltage at double line frequency and in the worst case a low frequency oscillation between the output side capacitors of BIBRED. The origin of the problem and the operation principles of the converter are presented and discussed in the paper. A simple way to avoid the ripple on the output voltage and to damp the oscillation without actively controlling the circuit is presented in the paper. It is shown that a diode in series with the output inductor attenuates the ripple at the output and confines the ripple to the auxiliary capacitor at the secondary side of BIBRED. Simulated and measured results are shown in the paper.

	A Single-Phase Buck Rectifier with Wide Ranging Output Voltage By V. Fernao Pires	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a new single-phase single-stage Buck rectifier with low effects on the main will be presented and discussed. This topology allows obtaining an input source current presenting low harmonic content and behaving as high power factor loads. The output voltage wide range is the main advantage over the known topologies. In the known topologies the output voltage is lower than the peak of the input ac voltage. For the new topology the output voltage is lower than the double of the peak of the input ac voltage. Therefore the output voltage range is increased two times. To achieve sinusoidal input current and high power factor, sliding mode control of the input current is proposed. A Proportional Integral (PI) controller is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the converter.

	By-Pass Thyristor Based Method for Minimizing the Reactive Power... By A. A. Aboul-Naga; A. R. Amin; M. M. Atout	[View] [Download]
Abstract: As a method for improving the input power factor of an AC-DC converter, a novel by-pass thyristor technique is proposed. Its commutation mechanism is described. The experimental and theoretical results are given which show a good input power factor, a good waveform of line current and a wide adjustable range of DC output voltage.

	Design and Experimental Analysis of a 3phase Single-Stage 8.5kW Buck-Derived PWM-Rectifier System (VIENNA Rectifier III) By F. Stoegerer; J. W. Kolar	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a practical investigation of a VIENNA Rectifier III is presented. The stresses on the power components are calculated in analytical form based on the analysis of an equivalent DC/DC converter system. This gives the basis for the dimensioning and practical realization of a 8.5kW 400VAC/48VDC prototype of the system. There, for system control an outer output voltage control loop and an inner output inductor current control loop are provided and implemented on a digital signal processor (ADSP 21061) which transfers the relative on-times of the power transistors to an EPLD for generation of the gating signals of the power transistors. Finally, the dependency of the efficiency, of the power factor and of the THD of the mains current on the output power as gained from measurements on the prototype are given.

	Design of a 2.0kW on – board charger for electric vehicles with sinusoidal input characteristics By E. Tatakis; N. Papanikolaou; E. Rikos	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the design procedure of a single phase 2.0kW on – board charger for electric vehicles (EVs). The design strategy that will be followed manages to combine the appropriate regulation of the mains current, as well as the charging current, among with a simplified P.F.C. control loop that does not include an input current sensing stage. Moreover, the power stage is simplified too, as it is consisted of a single converter only and thus producing high power density. The whole design procedure, as well as simulation and experimental results for this charger and comparison with an additional thyristorised one, will be presented.

	Fast AC/DC converter with unity power factor using the RCC By J-C. Le Claire	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a Power Factor Correction of an AC/DC power converter using a recent Resonant Current Controller (RCC). The investigated converter involves an input passive filter in order to remove the inter-modulation frequencies due to the pulse modulation. The Resonant Current Controller regulates the AC/DC inverter input current whose shape depends on the utility waveform. Therefore, the RCC criterion is investigated. Thereafter, as the chosen filter suits to the RCC operating modes, we target a nearly unity power factor. Indeed, due to the accurate tracking of the RCC, the inverter input current accurately tracks the network voltage waveform. Results demonstrate the excellent RCC behaviour in the proposed scheme and agree with the simulated ones.

	Hybrid Power Factor Correction By W.G.M. Ettes; A. Bron	[View] [Download]
Abstract: To reduce the amplitude of the higher harmonics of the line current, rectifiers with both active and passive filters are widely used. These so called Power Factor Corrector’s (PFC’s) can be grouped into three kinds: active PFC, passive PFC and hybrid PFC. The active PFC’s draw a ‘perfect’ line current from the mains but due to the HF switching process additional noise and losses are introduced. Passive PFC’s are very simple to apply but they are bulky and stabilisation of the DC output voltage is absent. Although the line current is distorted with higher harmonics, the passive PFC complies with the IEC-61000-3-2 guideline if the filter inductor value is properly designed. A further reduction of the size and weight of the filter inductor of the passive PFC is possible if the hybrid PFC method is applied. The hybrid PFC exists of a parallel connection of a passive and an active PFC. In this paper the design of a 1 kW hybrid PFC is described which complies with the IEC-61000-3-2 guideline. The main objective of the hybrid PFC design is to reduce the size and cost of a passive PFC, without adding complexity too much.

	Ripple power re-rectification By T. Sakkos; V. Sarv; J. Järvik	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Efficient two-stage power factor correctors for three-phase diode rectifiers to ensure a close-to-unity power factor are proposed, analyzed, and verified. The technique proposed is based on the ripplepower re-rectification into an additional quantity of the DC output power. The new schemes contain a series-resonant third-harmonic filter and a low-power auxiliary AC-DC converter for optimum ripplepower re-rectification. An advantage of the new schemes is elimination of the magnetic thirdharmonic current injection device used in the previous schemes. The high values of the power factor hold in the wide range of the load and supply-voltage variation.

	Single stage resonant PFC rectifier based on LCT integrated device By K. Laouamri; J.-P. Ferrieux; J. C. Crebier	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the literature, several AC/DC converters are studied and presented. All kinds of topologies and techniques are covered under this topic. This includes single-switch, half-bridge and full bridge topologies as well as hard, quasi-resonant and resonant switching. Different techniques are also developed to control these converters ensuring high power factor. The aim of this paper is to present a low-cost solution for low-power applications. A high frequency AC to DC converter that respects the EN 6100-3-2 standard and suitable for applications in the power range of 300 W, is presented. Its topology is based on full-bridge series-resonant converter that operates below the half of resonant frequency. The converter features zero-current for both turn-on and turn-off and reduces switchingcurrent for the output rectifier. These advantages make the series-resonant topology suitable for operation at high frequency. Thus, electromagnetic integration of the LCT network (Inductor- Capacitor-Transformer) will be successfully applied owing to the fact that the values of the inductor and capacitor are relatively small at this range of frequency. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.