EPE Association: EPE 2022 - DS3j: Micro Grids

EPE 2022 - DS3j: Micro Grids
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2022 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2022 - Topic 07: Power Supplies > EPE 2022 - DS3j: Micro Grids

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   A Decentralized and Communication-free Control Algorithm of DC Microgrids for the Electrification of Rural Africa
By Lucas RICHARD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Following the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring universal access to basic andmodern electric services by 2030, a strong research interest has emerged in the power grid community to design microgrids adapted for rural electrification of Sub-Saharan countries. Their optimal topology, their stability as well as their control architecture are still open to debate. However, DC microgrids with decentralized storage and production are increasingly gaining attention as they enable the progressive building of electric infrastructure in a bottom-up manner, which increases the economic viability, the modularity and the scalability of such rural electrification scheme. In addition, there is a growing consensus in terms of control for decentralized and communication-free algorithms. The absence of a centralized controller is crucial to avoid a single point of failure and to enable plug & play feature within the microgrid. Moreover, DC microgrids must be robust and affordably deployable even in areas with limited or no telecommunication signals. Therefore, this paper proposes the design through software simulations of a decentralized and communication-free control algorithm of DC microgrids adapted for the rural electrification of Africa. The proposed control is then thoroughly validated on a lab test bench and extensive results are presented.

   A standardized and modular power electronics platform for academic research on advanced grid-connected converter control and microgrids
By Simon FRANK [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper introduces a multifunctional converter platform rated at 30 kW. Individual units allow researchon advanced grid-connected converter control, while their interconnection enables isolated microgrid investigations. The standardized and modular design allows simple reconfiguration of the system for different setups, for which multiple measurements are presented.

   An application of electrostatic machines to a microgrid
By Gabriel RAMOS HUERTA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this work, dq axis models and equations for an electrostatic machine (ESM) are implemented. Speed and excitation controllers are adapted for this machine, and tests are run to check their performance. Finally, this machine is inserted into a micro-grid environment (CIGRE low voltage benchmark micro-grid) to find its possible contributions to the system regulation and short circuit currents.

   Analysis of a Droop-Based Power Controller for Three-Phase Microgrids
By Andrea LAURI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A droop-based controller for three-phase converters is described herein. It allows independent control of the converter power at each phase and smooth transitions to the islanded operation. Both three-phase four-wire and three-phase three-wire connections are considered, with a particular focus on the latter configuration. The islanded condition is detected automatically, without the need of communication with other units, and the transition toward the islanded operation mode is performed without interruptions of supply for the energized loads and resources. The considered application scenario is the one of smart microgrids, where power control flexibility and islanded capabilities are features of paramount importance to provide demand-response and uninterrupted operation. A systematic analysis of the approach is presented and validated herein.

   Automatic Generation Control-based Charging/Discharging Strategy for EV fleets to Enhance the Stability of a Vehicle-To-Weak Grid System
By Majid MEHRASA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, an automatic generation control (AGC)-based charging/discharging strategy is proposed for EV fleets to augment the stability of a weak power grid (WPG). The Vehicle-to-Weak Grid (V2WG) system under study is indeed a two-area microgrid including WPG, two EVs stations, PV units and loads. Firstly, the balancing power relation for three operating modes including no change mode, load increment and PV increment are comprehensively investigated. In doing so, a power sharing algorithm for each active EV is proposed to contribute to the WPG frequency deviation compensation. Then, AGC is developed for each area to attain the related angular frequency errors which are aimed to provide the tie-line power error needed for the dynamical frequency variation compensation using the appropriate EVs action. Moreover, the proposed strategy coefficients are analyzed to understand how much they can impact the stability margin of the system angular frequency errors. The simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment validate the ability of the proposed strategy-based EV fleets at providing a stable WPG under the increment of both load and PV units.

   Grid-Forming Control for Enhanced Microgrid Interconnection
By Tobias ERCKRATH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the potential of an enhanced grid-forming control for grid-forming converters, to optimize the interconnection process of black started microgrids (MG) after a global blackout. A point of common coupling switch (PCC switch) is proposed, which does not require any higher-level control entities (e.g. MG-controller) since the switching condition only considers phase angle differences, which enables the interconnection of unintended MGs. The verification of the grid-forming control for enhanced interconnection process with overlaid grid is performed by the presented simulation study.

   Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Verification of a Cold Load Pickup Scenario for a Bottom-up Black Start of an Inverter-dominated Microgrid
By Mina MIRZADEH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Black start capability is one of the challenges in the future grid, to be dominated by distributed powerelectronic converter systems. A bottom-up multi-master black start scenario based on droop-controlled grid-forming inverters was earlier introduced as a response to this challenge. With reduced reliance on the availability of smart loads, this paper adapts this scenario so that a minimum change in the current configuration of the low voltage residential load sector is required. Moreover, with a focus on the cold load pick-up response, the power-sharing among two grid-forming inverters in the presence of high inrush currents is investigated using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop tests and detailed load models. The results confirm the formation of a laboratory-scale islanded Microgrid through grid-forming inverters where smart meters coordinate an autonomous dynamic partial loading only based on local measurements.

   Power System Simulation Tool for Quick Benchmarking of Innovative MVDC Grids in E-Mobility Applications
By Daniel SIEMASZKO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The rapid development of Solid-State Transformers enables a future for microgrids that features the connection of various sources, loads, and storage elements to a common MVDC bus. The simulation of such systems present various challenges due to their growing complexity caused by the large amount of connected power converters and diversification of sources and loads. Quick benchmarking in booming areas such as E-Mobility typically require simulation models that feature superior speed with a dynamic response that fits real hardware. Within this context and objective in mind, a simulation tool has been developed with system level average models of elementary SST cells for DC grids. The implemented models are built with controlled current/voltage sources which embody dynamic behaviors of real SST systems. They may be arranged in various modular configurations, and they feature a basic failure mechanism that allows bypass of failed cells to study their impact on the full power system.

EPE 2022 - DS3j: Micro Grids
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2022 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2022 - Topic 07: Power Supplies > EPE 2022 - DS3j: Micro Grids
	[return to parent folder]

	A Decentralized and Communication-free Control Algorithm of DC Microgrids for the Electrification of Rural Africa By Lucas RICHARD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Following the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring universal access to basic andmodern electric services by 2030, a strong research interest has emerged in the power grid community to design microgrids adapted for rural electrification of Sub-Saharan countries. Their optimal topology, their stability as well as their control architecture are still open to debate. However, DC microgrids with decentralized storage and production are increasingly gaining attention as they enable the progressive building of electric infrastructure in a bottom-up manner, which increases the economic viability, the modularity and the scalability of such rural electrification scheme. In addition, there is a growing consensus in terms of control for decentralized and communication-free algorithms. The absence of a centralized controller is crucial to avoid a single point of failure and to enable plug & play feature within the microgrid. Moreover, DC microgrids must be robust and affordably deployable even in areas with limited or no telecommunication signals. Therefore, this paper proposes the design through software simulations of a decentralized and communication-free control algorithm of DC microgrids adapted for the rural electrification of Africa. The proposed control is then thoroughly validated on a lab test bench and extensive results are presented.

	A standardized and modular power electronics platform for academic research on advanced grid-connected converter control and microgrids By Simon FRANK	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper introduces a multifunctional converter platform rated at 30 kW. Individual units allow researchon advanced grid-connected converter control, while their interconnection enables isolated microgrid investigations. The standardized and modular design allows simple reconfiguration of the system for different setups, for which multiple measurements are presented.

	An application of electrostatic machines to a microgrid By Gabriel RAMOS HUERTA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this work, dq axis models and equations for an electrostatic machine (ESM) are implemented. Speed and excitation controllers are adapted for this machine, and tests are run to check their performance. Finally, this machine is inserted into a micro-grid environment (CIGRE low voltage benchmark micro-grid) to find its possible contributions to the system regulation and short circuit currents.

	Analysis of a Droop-Based Power Controller for Three-Phase Microgrids By Andrea LAURI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A droop-based controller for three-phase converters is described herein. It allows independent control of the converter power at each phase and smooth transitions to the islanded operation. Both three-phase four-wire and three-phase three-wire connections are considered, with a particular focus on the latter configuration. The islanded condition is detected automatically, without the need of communication with other units, and the transition toward the islanded operation mode is performed without interruptions of supply for the energized loads and resources. The considered application scenario is the one of smart microgrids, where power control flexibility and islanded capabilities are features of paramount importance to provide demand-response and uninterrupted operation. A systematic analysis of the approach is presented and validated herein.

	Automatic Generation Control-based Charging/Discharging Strategy for EV fleets to Enhance the Stability of a Vehicle-To-Weak Grid System By Majid MEHRASA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, an automatic generation control (AGC)-based charging/discharging strategy is proposed for EV fleets to augment the stability of a weak power grid (WPG). The Vehicle-to-Weak Grid (V2WG) system under study is indeed a two-area microgrid including WPG, two EVs stations, PV units and loads. Firstly, the balancing power relation for three operating modes including no change mode, load increment and PV increment are comprehensively investigated. In doing so, a power sharing algorithm for each active EV is proposed to contribute to the WPG frequency deviation compensation. Then, AGC is developed for each area to attain the related angular frequency errors which are aimed to provide the tie-line power error needed for the dynamical frequency variation compensation using the appropriate EVs action. Moreover, the proposed strategy coefficients are analyzed to understand how much they can impact the stability margin of the system angular frequency errors. The simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment validate the ability of the proposed strategy-based EV fleets at providing a stable WPG under the increment of both load and PV units.

	Grid-Forming Control for Enhanced Microgrid Interconnection By Tobias ERCKRATH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the potential of an enhanced grid-forming control for grid-forming converters, to optimize the interconnection process of black started microgrids (MG) after a global blackout. A point of common coupling switch (PCC switch) is proposed, which does not require any higher-level control entities (e.g. MG-controller) since the switching condition only considers phase angle differences, which enables the interconnection of unintended MGs. The verification of the grid-forming control for enhanced interconnection process with overlaid grid is performed by the presented simulation study.

	Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Verification of a Cold Load Pickup Scenario for a Bottom-up Black Start of an Inverter-dominated Microgrid By Mina MIRZADEH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Black start capability is one of the challenges in the future grid, to be dominated by distributed powerelectronic converter systems. A bottom-up multi-master black start scenario based on droop-controlled grid-forming inverters was earlier introduced as a response to this challenge. With reduced reliance on the availability of smart loads, this paper adapts this scenario so that a minimum change in the current configuration of the low voltage residential load sector is required. Moreover, with a focus on the cold load pick-up response, the power-sharing among two grid-forming inverters in the presence of high inrush currents is investigated using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop tests and detailed load models. The results confirm the formation of a laboratory-scale islanded Microgrid through grid-forming inverters where smart meters coordinate an autonomous dynamic partial loading only based on local measurements.

	Power System Simulation Tool for Quick Benchmarking of Innovative MVDC Grids in E-Mobility Applications By Daniel SIEMASZKO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The rapid development of Solid-State Transformers enables a future for microgrids that features the connection of various sources, loads, and storage elements to a common MVDC bus. The simulation of such systems present various challenges due to their growing complexity caused by the large amount of connected power converters and diversification of sources and loads. Quick benchmarking in booming areas such as E-Mobility typically require simulation models that feature superior speed with a dynamic response that fits real hardware. Within this context and objective in mind, a simulation tool has been developed with system level average models of elementary SST cells for DC grids. The implemented models are built with controlled current/voltage sources which embody dynamic behaviors of real SST systems. They may be arranged in various modular configurations, and they feature a basic failure mechanism that allows bypass of failed cells to study their impact on the full power system.