EPE Association: EPE 1993 - 51 - Dialogue Session DS3.9: DRIVES: SWITCHED AND SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE

EPE 1993 - 51 - Dialogue Session DS3.9: DRIVES: SWITCHED AND SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1993 - Conference > EPE 1993 - 51 - Dialogue Session DS3.9: DRIVES: SWITCHED AND SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE

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   THE WORLD'S SIMPLEST MOTOR FOR VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL? THE CYRANO MOTOR, A PM-BIASED SR-MOTOR OF HIGH TORQUE DENSITY
By V. Török; K. Loreth [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper presents a very simple and inexpensive variable speed electronic motor fed with pulsating DC current, which is produced by a converter using just one or two power switches. The motor has high torque density and a single predetermined direction of starting rotation [1,2]. Recuperative braking and in certain circumstances electronic speed reversal is possible. The stator of the motor has a laminated iron core which is quite similar to those used in series motors. There are two coils, each encompassing two salient poles with sparsely laminated inner surfaces and a permanent magnet between them. The PMs not only define parking positions for the reluctance type rotor but through their participation in the electromechanical energy conversion a net contribution to shaft torque is produced. The rotor bas asymmetric laminated type salient poles and no windings. There is a very wide range of possible applications e.g. driving fans and pumps. Some other types of driven objects must be avoided, e.g. where continuous operation at very low speed is required.

   ANALYSIS OF LOSSES IN POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER OF SR DRIVE
By J. Corda; M. Olaca [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper describes a procedure for computing the losses in the switching circuit of power electronic converter of the switched reluctance drive, which is applicable to various modes of control. Using the analysis it is possible, for a specified set of operating conditions of a given switched reluctance motor, topology of the switching circuit and type of power semiconductor devices, to quantify the converter losses and motor copper losses and to investigate the quantitative relationships between losses for various values of the parameter associated with a particular mode of control, such as current hysteresis in the current PWM mode, or modulation frequency in the voltage PWM mode.

   AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROTOR-POSITION-SWITCHED, CURRENT-FED, SALIENT-POLE SINGLY-SALIENT RELUCTANCE MOTOR
By M. L. McClelland; J. M. Stephenson [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper describes the re-evaluation of the traditional salient-pole, 3-phase, reluctance motor in the context of a modem electronically-switched variable-speed drive. The motor uses the simplest possible rotor construction with single-piece laminations and a standard induction motor stator. There is no squirrel cage. It is fed with sinusoidal currents from a voltage-source inverter synchronised to rotor position. In contrast with received opinion, the motor is shown to be capable of a continuous rating somewhat greater than that of the corresponding inverter-fed induction motor. It does however suffer from significant torque pulsations, but these can be reduced by skewing the rotor to only 18% at the cost of only about 10% reduction in rated output.

   ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF A LINEAR RELUCTANCE MOTOR
By N. Locci; I. Marongiu; A. Perfetto; A. Serri [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper concerns speed control optimization of a high anisotropy linear reluctance motor. Namely of the maximum thrust to squared current ratio of the CRPWM inverter-fed motor, leading to a staircase set of reference currents, which needs a low resolution position sensor. Speed and position control strategies are proposed and computer simulated to evidence the drive behaviour. Finally the experimental results of a position control system employing a single phase prototype motor are presented.

   QUANTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC NOISE IN SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVES
By D. W. J. Pulle; J. C. S. Lai; J. F. Milthorpe; N. Huynh [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Recent research has shown that the radial forces acting on the stator are responsible for exciting the resonant modes of the structure and this paper builds on this work by examining acoustical noise emissions in a low power 6/4 SR drive operating under constant speed conditions. An attempt is made to quantify the acoustical noise levels in relation to the output power-speed characteristics via the use of empirical equations and a contour plot. Furthermore, the paper is concerned with the analysis of the mechanical stresses acting on the stator. Use is made of measured current waveforms and a time stepping technique whereby the stresses acting on the stator and resultant torque are calculated for a set of rotor positions. These results provide a key to develop new noise reduction techniques which are briefly discussed in the paper.

   SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVE AND PWM INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE COMPARED FOR LOW COST APPLICATIONS
By H. van der Broeck; D. Gerling; E. Bolte [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A PWM induction motor drive is compared to a switched reluctance drive based on the same motor size and on the same specifications. Both low cost variable speed drives were developed for 400W output power and a large speed range (up to 15000/min). The main differences of the motors and the converters are discussed and the drive performance is presented by means of measurements. It is shown that the switched reluctance drive is advantageous for low cost applications if audible noise can be accepted and efficiency and dynamic are important in the lower speed range: 0 ... 5000/min. If a larger speed range is required or a silent motor operation is desired, the PWM induction motor drive has to be preferred.

   SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTORS FOR LOW-COST, MEDIUM PERFORMANCE DRIVES
By N. Balbo; R. D'Andrea; L. Malesani; P. Tomasin [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynR) are interesting alternatives of Induction and Permanent Magnet Motors, owing to their ruggedness, simplicity and capability of easy position control and of flux weakening at very high speed. In low power and low demanding applications, low cost constructions can be obtained by simplified structures, at the expenses of some limitations of performance. Significant simplifications can be introduced both in stator and in rotor structure. Appreciable benefits may derive from the adoption of large volume production techniques. Suitable solutions and design criteria for these cases are described in the paper. The corresponding impact on the machine performance is discussed. Some application examples are described and the experimental results are reported.

   POSITION SENSORLESS OPERATION OF A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVE BASED ON OBSERVER
By Ç. Elmas; H. Zelaya-De La Parra [View]
[Download]

Abstract: It is known that the operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) requires the knowledge of the rotor position for current control and commutation. This information is generally provided by a shaft encoder or resolver. In some cases, the environment in which the motor operates may cause difficulties in maintaining satisfactory performance. Therefore, the elimination of position sensor has gain wide attention. In this paper a new algorithm for estimation of rotor position and speed are described for an SRM. The method uses a Reduced order Extended Luenberger type non-linear observer model. The algorithm uses the information obtained from the measurements of input voltages and currents. The algorithm was implemented with a TMS320C30 DSP. The results obtained from the on-line operation prove that the Observer is able to control the drive in steady state conditions as well as in transient.

   SIMPLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM
By M. Morimoto; K. Aiba [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A simple control scheme of the reluctance motor is presented. The use of only real time current waveforms and a position sensor will be enables to realize a simple reluctance motor drive system. The controller of the dc brushless motor driver keeps the mmf phase angle constant at any load torque. The controlling of the motor torque can be done only by controlling the voltage. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is much more practical than that of the conventional one. The proposed control scheme is also applicable to the control of switched reluctance motor.

EPE 1993 - 51 - Dialogue Session DS3.9: DRIVES: SWITCHED AND SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1993 - Conference > EPE 1993 - 51 - Dialogue Session DS3.9: DRIVES: SWITCHED AND SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE
	[return to parent folder]

	THE WORLD'S SIMPLEST MOTOR FOR VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL? THE CYRANO MOTOR, A PM-BIASED SR-MOTOR OF HIGH TORQUE DENSITY By V. Török; K. Loreth	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper presents a very simple and inexpensive variable speed electronic motor fed with pulsating DC current, which is produced by a converter using just one or two power switches. The motor has high torque density and a single predetermined direction of starting rotation [1,2]. Recuperative braking and in certain circumstances electronic speed reversal is possible. The stator of the motor has a laminated iron core which is quite similar to those used in series motors. There are two coils, each encompassing two salient poles with sparsely laminated inner surfaces and a permanent magnet between them. The PMs not only define parking positions for the reluctance type rotor but through their participation in the electromechanical energy conversion a net contribution to shaft torque is produced. The rotor bas asymmetric laminated type salient poles and no windings. There is a very wide range of possible applications e.g. driving fans and pumps. Some other types of driven objects must be avoided, e.g. where continuous operation at very low speed is required.

	ANALYSIS OF LOSSES IN POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER OF SR DRIVE By J. Corda; M. Olaca	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes a procedure for computing the losses in the switching circuit of power electronic converter of the switched reluctance drive, which is applicable to various modes of control. Using the analysis it is possible, for a specified set of operating conditions of a given switched reluctance motor, topology of the switching circuit and type of power semiconductor devices, to quantify the converter losses and motor copper losses and to investigate the quantitative relationships between losses for various values of the parameter associated with a particular mode of control, such as current hysteresis in the current PWM mode, or modulation frequency in the voltage PWM mode.

	AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROTOR-POSITION-SWITCHED, CURRENT-FED, SALIENT-POLE SINGLY-SALIENT RELUCTANCE MOTOR By M. L. McClelland; J. M. Stephenson	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes the re-evaluation of the traditional salient-pole, 3-phase, reluctance motor in the context of a modem electronically-switched variable-speed drive. The motor uses the simplest possible rotor construction with single-piece laminations and a standard induction motor stator. There is no squirrel cage. It is fed with sinusoidal currents from a voltage-source inverter synchronised to rotor position. In contrast with received opinion, the motor is shown to be capable of a continuous rating somewhat greater than that of the corresponding inverter-fed induction motor. It does however suffer from significant torque pulsations, but these can be reduced by skewing the rotor to only 18% at the cost of only about 10% reduction in rated output.

	ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF A LINEAR RELUCTANCE MOTOR By N. Locci; I. Marongiu; A. Perfetto; A. Serri	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper concerns speed control optimization of a high anisotropy linear reluctance motor. Namely of the maximum thrust to squared current ratio of the CRPWM inverter-fed motor, leading to a staircase set of reference currents, which needs a low resolution position sensor. Speed and position control strategies are proposed and computer simulated to evidence the drive behaviour. Finally the experimental results of a position control system employing a single phase prototype motor are presented.

	QUANTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC NOISE IN SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVES By D. W. J. Pulle; J. C. S. Lai; J. F. Milthorpe; N. Huynh	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Recent research has shown that the radial forces acting on the stator are responsible for exciting the resonant modes of the structure and this paper builds on this work by examining acoustical noise emissions in a low power 6/4 SR drive operating under constant speed conditions. An attempt is made to quantify the acoustical noise levels in relation to the output power-speed characteristics via the use of empirical equations and a contour plot. Furthermore, the paper is concerned with the analysis of the mechanical stresses acting on the stator. Use is made of measured current waveforms and a time stepping technique whereby the stresses acting on the stator and resultant torque are calculated for a set of rotor positions. These results provide a key to develop new noise reduction techniques which are briefly discussed in the paper.

	SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVE AND PWM INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE COMPARED FOR LOW COST APPLICATIONS By H. van der Broeck; D. Gerling; E. Bolte	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A PWM induction motor drive is compared to a switched reluctance drive based on the same motor size and on the same specifications. Both low cost variable speed drives were developed for 400W output power and a large speed range (up to 15000/min). The main differences of the motors and the converters are discussed and the drive performance is presented by means of measurements. It is shown that the switched reluctance drive is advantageous for low cost applications if audible noise can be accepted and efficiency and dynamic are important in the lower speed range: 0 ... 5000/min. If a larger speed range is required or a silent motor operation is desired, the PWM induction motor drive has to be preferred.

	SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTORS FOR LOW-COST, MEDIUM PERFORMANCE DRIVES By N. Balbo; R. D'Andrea; L. Malesani; P. Tomasin	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynR) are interesting alternatives of Induction and Permanent Magnet Motors, owing to their ruggedness, simplicity and capability of easy position control and of flux weakening at very high speed. In low power and low demanding applications, low cost constructions can be obtained by simplified structures, at the expenses of some limitations of performance. Significant simplifications can be introduced both in stator and in rotor structure. Appreciable benefits may derive from the adoption of large volume production techniques. Suitable solutions and design criteria for these cases are described in the paper. The corresponding impact on the machine performance is discussed. Some application examples are described and the experimental results are reported.

	POSITION SENSORLESS OPERATION OF A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE DRIVE BASED ON OBSERVER By Ç. Elmas; H. Zelaya-De La Parra	[View] [Download]
Abstract: It is known that the operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) requires the knowledge of the rotor position for current control and commutation. This information is generally provided by a shaft encoder or resolver. In some cases, the environment in which the motor operates may cause difficulties in maintaining satisfactory performance. Therefore, the elimination of position sensor has gain wide attention. In this paper a new algorithm for estimation of rotor position and speed are described for an SRM. The method uses a Reduced order Extended Luenberger type non-linear observer model. The algorithm uses the information obtained from the measurements of input voltages and currents. The algorithm was implemented with a TMS320C30 DSP. The results obtained from the on-line operation prove that the Observer is able to control the drive in steady state conditions as well as in transient.

	SIMPLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM By M. Morimoto; K. Aiba	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A simple control scheme of the reluctance motor is presented. The use of only real time current waveforms and a position sensor will be enables to realize a simple reluctance motor drive system. The controller of the dc brushless motor driver keeps the mmf phase angle constant at any load torque. The controlling of the motor torque can be done only by controlling the voltage. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is much more practical than that of the conventional one. The proposed control scheme is also applicable to the control of switched reluctance motor.