EPE Association: EPE 1993 - 41 - Dialogue Session DS2.6: DRIVES: TRACTION DRIVES

EPE 1993 - 41 - Dialogue Session DS2.6: DRIVES: TRACTION DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1993 - Conference > EPE 1993 - 41 - Dialogue Session DS2.6: DRIVES: TRACTION DRIVES

   [return to parent folder]

   INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITHOUT SPEED- AND POSITION SENSORS
By M. Schrödl; D. Hennerbichler; T. M. Wolbank [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A novel induction motor control is presented which works without mechanical sensors and yields hence cheaper and more robust drive solutions. However, the drive is able to produce full torque even at standstill without tachos and position encoders. This is achieved by using the new INFORM ("Indirect flux detection by on-line reactance measurement") flux model. The basic idea is to evaluate saturation effects in the motor in real-time, yielding speed-independent information about the flux axis. The INFORM algorithm is coupled with well-known EMF-based flux models, providing optimal flux information for field-oriented control over the full operating range. In the paper the algorithms for flux- and torque control in the base speed and field-weakening range are given. At very high speed, the pull-out torque of the motor is taken into account by a special control strategy. The whole drive control including fast current control is realised by software using a digital signal processor, generating directly inverter firing commands. Measurements and practical experiences verify the applicability of the proposed method to electrical traction drives.

   GTO TRACTION CHOPPER WITH SNUBBER ENERGY RECOVERY
By R. Y. Faddoul; J. M. W. Whiting [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The sequential operation of a snubber energy-recovery circuit for a traction propulsion GTO chopper is described, with explanatory waveforms. The circuit has no additional active components. lt has fewer components than the conventional circuit and results in lower GTO switching losses. The application of the circuit to vehicles of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation in Hong Kong is described. In this application the low GTO losses resulting from the new circuit enabled the chopper equipment to be naturally ventilated and the heatsinks to be electrically isolated from the power semiconductors and earthed.

   INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES FOR TRACTION APPLICATION
By M. Ferranti; L. Ferraris; E. Laner; F. Villata [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In the paper a solution for the propulsion drive of EVs is proposed. DC motor drives, very popular in the early days but presenting many limitations related to the maximum speed limits and the maintenance, are probably going to be substituted by induction motors, which better match the EV's requirements. Induction motors driven by CRPWM field oriented drives seem to represent a good solution for this application. In fact they allow to obtain a behaviour similar to that of a traditional car, with a torque control rather than a speed control. Good results in terms of driveability have been obtained adding an interface block between the pedals and the inverter control. Complete experimental results in terms of energetic balance and total losses are presented in the paper.

   WATER-COOLED INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVES
By E. Holl; G. Neumann; B. Piepenbreier; H.-J. Tölle [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Nowadays projects for the development and the production of electric vehicles are driven by nearly all car manufacturers. Due to the special requirements in a vehicle a high power to weight ratio, a good degree of efficiency and a low price are extreme important for the electric drive. Both synchronous drives - sometimes with field weakening - and asynchronous drives are used. The new inverter is able to control permanent magnet synchronous and asynchronous drives with the same hardware. Low weight and volume is reached by water-cooling of the power semiconductors and capacitors. A good efficiency can be obtained with low-saturation IGBTs. lt is possible lo connect a PC to a serial interface for commissioning, monitoring and diagnostics. In addition a DC/DC-converter for the 12V system is integrated in the inverter housing.

   WATER-COOLED HIGH POWER GTO CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION
By W. M. Führer; R. Marquardt; G. Papp [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Water-cooled modules for universal use in high power converters have been developed. All electrical parts and the cooling circuit are insulated, allowing a free choice of cooling liquid, preferably natural water as used in diesel engines. A symmetrical snubber circuit with reduced losses in a consequently designed arrangement with low stray inductance results in safe operation at extreme power. Design parameters and restraints for water-cooled designs are explained. Results of measurements on modules and a complete converter are given in this paper.

   THE BRUSSELS TRAMWAY 2000 WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION
By Ph. Colignon; F. Cavenaile [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The Tramway 2000 is a bi-directional, articulated, 100% low-floor tramway, ordered from ACEC TRANSPORT by the Société des Transports lntercommunaux de Bruxelles. It consists of 2 large body sections resting on articulated bogies and one small central body section fixed to a rigid bogie. Motorization is provided by 8 water-cooled induction wheel motors powered in pairs by 4 independent drive units. These have a common power supply (network nominal voltage 650V) and include a braking cell and a direct voltage inverter with GTO. Low-voltage power supply is provided by a 20 kW static converter which supplies 380/220 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz for the various auxiliary motors and 24 V-DC for battery charging. All the major equipment is roof-mounted, the power semi-conductors being cooled by insulated radiators and naturel cooling.

EPE 1993 - 41 - Dialogue Session DS2.6: DRIVES: TRACTION DRIVES
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 1993 - Conference > EPE 1993 - 41 - Dialogue Session DS2.6: DRIVES: TRACTION DRIVES
	[return to parent folder]

	INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITHOUT SPEED- AND POSITION SENSORS By M. Schrödl; D. Hennerbichler; T. M. Wolbank	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A novel induction motor control is presented which works without mechanical sensors and yields hence cheaper and more robust drive solutions. However, the drive is able to produce full torque even at standstill without tachos and position encoders. This is achieved by using the new INFORM ("Indirect flux detection by on-line reactance measurement") flux model. The basic idea is to evaluate saturation effects in the motor in real-time, yielding speed-independent information about the flux axis. The INFORM algorithm is coupled with well-known EMF-based flux models, providing optimal flux information for field-oriented control over the full operating range. In the paper the algorithms for flux- and torque control in the base speed and field-weakening range are given. At very high speed, the pull-out torque of the motor is taken into account by a special control strategy. The whole drive control including fast current control is realised by software using a digital signal processor, generating directly inverter firing commands. Measurements and practical experiences verify the applicability of the proposed method to electrical traction drives.

	GTO TRACTION CHOPPER WITH SNUBBER ENERGY RECOVERY By R. Y. Faddoul; J. M. W. Whiting	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The sequential operation of a snubber energy-recovery circuit for a traction propulsion GTO chopper is described, with explanatory waveforms. The circuit has no additional active components. lt has fewer components than the conventional circuit and results in lower GTO switching losses. The application of the circuit to vehicles of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation in Hong Kong is described. In this application the low GTO losses resulting from the new circuit enabled the chopper equipment to be naturally ventilated and the heatsinks to be electrically isolated from the power semiconductors and earthed.

	INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES FOR TRACTION APPLICATION By M. Ferranti; L. Ferraris; E. Laner; F. Villata	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In the paper a solution for the propulsion drive of EVs is proposed. DC motor drives, very popular in the early days but presenting many limitations related to the maximum speed limits and the maintenance, are probably going to be substituted by induction motors, which better match the EV's requirements. Induction motors driven by CRPWM field oriented drives seem to represent a good solution for this application. In fact they allow to obtain a behaviour similar to that of a traditional car, with a torque control rather than a speed control. Good results in terms of driveability have been obtained adding an interface block between the pedals and the inverter control. Complete experimental results in terms of energetic balance and total losses are presented in the paper.

	WATER-COOLED INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVES By E. Holl; G. Neumann; B. Piepenbreier; H.-J. Tölle	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Nowadays projects for the development and the production of electric vehicles are driven by nearly all car manufacturers. Due to the special requirements in a vehicle a high power to weight ratio, a good degree of efficiency and a low price are extreme important for the electric drive. Both synchronous drives - sometimes with field weakening - and asynchronous drives are used. The new inverter is able to control permanent magnet synchronous and asynchronous drives with the same hardware. Low weight and volume is reached by water-cooling of the power semiconductors and capacitors. A good efficiency can be obtained with low-saturation IGBTs. lt is possible lo connect a PC to a serial interface for commissioning, monitoring and diagnostics. In addition a DC/DC-converter for the 12V system is integrated in the inverter housing.

	WATER-COOLED HIGH POWER GTO CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION By W. M. Führer; R. Marquardt; G. Papp	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Water-cooled modules for universal use in high power converters have been developed. All electrical parts and the cooling circuit are insulated, allowing a free choice of cooling liquid, preferably natural water as used in diesel engines. A symmetrical snubber circuit with reduced losses in a consequently designed arrangement with low stray inductance results in safe operation at extreme power. Design parameters and restraints for water-cooled designs are explained. Results of measurements on modules and a complete converter are given in this paper.

	THE BRUSSELS TRAMWAY 2000 WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION By Ph. Colignon; F. Cavenaile	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The Tramway 2000 is a bi-directional, articulated, 100% low-floor tramway, ordered from ACEC TRANSPORT by the Société des Transports lntercommunaux de Bruxelles. It consists of 2 large body sections resting on articulated bogies and one small central body section fixed to a rigid bogie. Motorization is provided by 8 water-cooled induction wheel motors powered in pairs by 4 independent drive units. These have a common power supply (network nominal voltage 650V) and include a braking cell and a direct voltage inverter with GTO. Low-voltage power supply is provided by a 20 kW static converter which supplies 380/220 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz for the various auxiliary motors and 24 V-DC for battery charging. All the major equipment is roof-mounted, the power semi-conductors being cooled by insulated radiators and naturel cooling.