EPE Association: EPE 2016 - DS2d: Advanced Power Converter Topologies

EPE 2016 - DS2d: Advanced Power Converter Topologies
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 02: Power Converter Topologies and Design > EPE 2016 - DS2d: Advanced Power Converter Topologies

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   A new control for modular multilevel converters and their use as DC circuit breaker.
By Miguel JIMENEZ CARRIZOSA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a new modulation for modular multilevel converters (MMC) based on a simple idea,which is very easy to implement. It consists of playing with the relative behaviour of each phase in orderto obtain the desired AC voltage. This method also assures that the voltage capacitor in each sub-moduleremains constant. Moreover, this converter allows the operation of the system under unbalanced conditions,and it can be used intrinsically as a DC circuit-breaker (DC-CB) without the need for additionalpower electronics and control if full bridge sub-modules are used.

   Adaptive discontinuous zero sequence signal for modular multilevel converter applications
By Abel ANTÓNIO-FERREIRA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This work proposes a technique to inject a discontinuous zero sequence signal (D-ZSS) into voltage modulation of the modular multilevel converter arms. The core of the technique is the clamping of the arm voltages to a particular level and interval, in such a way that reduces the number of switching events on the instants that the load stress on the semiconductors is high, and consequently the dissipated energy. The clamping voltage and interval has some degrees of freedom which are also discussed.The description of the methodology is complemented with its simulation. Either in steady-state or in dynamic converter operation this technique is able to reduce the switching events and the correspondent total losses up to 6.6\%. Hence contributing to a more efficient VSC-HVdc solution.

   An AC Reactive Power Compensator Based On a Nine Switch Converter.
By ALEXANDRA KAPIDOU [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper investigates a nine-switch converter topology for STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) application as well as the developed controller and the modulation strategy. The focus of the paper is to study the grid code compliance of a wind farm integrated into the grid while using the aforementioned converter topology. A numerical example is also given so as to examine the dynamic range of the converter and its Low Voltage Ride-Through capability.

   Bidirectional Converter with High Frequency Isolation Feasible to Solid State Transformer Applications
By Luan Carlos MAZZA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a new three-port ac-dc converter topology based on the bidirectional version of the three-state switching cell (3SSC) and neutral point clamped (NPC) with Dual Active Bridge (DAB) fea- sible to interconnect an AC link, a DC link and photovoltaic panels. The three port converter operates as solid state transformer (SST). It the primary side switches voltage and current stresses are reduced due to NPC and 3SSC characteristics. Some operating ranges presented Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). Modulation strategy and control are presented. For the drive control was implemented five control loops: PFC (Power Factor Correction); full voltage and balancing voltages acroos port 2 capacitors; magnetiza- tion current and voltage on port 3. A 33.33 kW converter with the peak value of the AC voltage is 9.35 kV and DC voltage at port 3 is 800 V with a DC bus voltage at port 2 of 22 kV has been simulated. A comparative loss studies with other converter topologies is also made. The proposed topology presented efficiency of 97.2\%

   Branch Energy Balancing with a Generalised Control Concept for Modular Multilevel Topologies - Using the Example of the Modular Multilevel Converter
By Dennis KARWATZKI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, branch energy balancing as part of a generalised control concept for modular multilevel converter topologies is investigated. A way to derive an optimal branch energy balancing regarding current stress is introduced. Afterwards, this generalised approach is applied to the Modular Multilevel Converter as an example topology. The approach is tested via simulation and verified with a low-voltage test setup.

   Design and Implementation of Full Bridge Bidirectional Isolated DC-DC Converter for High Power Applications
By Tahsin KOROGLU [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes the design and implementation of a high power full bridge bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter (BIDC) which comprises of two symmetrical voltage source converters and a high frequency transformer. In the proposed BIDC, a well-known PI controller based single phase-shift (SPS) modulation technique is used in order to achieve high power transfer. Besides, different phase shift methods such as extended phase-shift (EPS) and double phase-shift (DPS) are compared with SPS. Both simulation and experimental results are caried out to verify PI controller based simple phase-shift controlled BIDC prototype that is designed for 300-V 2.4-kW and operating at 20 kHz.

   Evaluation of a High-Power Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Three-Level Phase-Legs
By Nico BAARS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A three-phase dual active bridge (DAB) converter with three-level phase-legs is analyzed, showing anincreased soft-switching region and a reduction in rms current in the ac-link for unequal input and outputvoltages compared to the conventional two-level circuit. Furthermore, a comparison of the semiconductorlosses is carried out for different three-level inverter implementations using commercially availablesilicon (Si) and silicon-carbide (SiC) power modules. The lowest losses are found for the T-type implementationwith a combination of SiC and Si power modules. Experimental results, obtained from ahigh-power prototype, are included to support the evaluation of the three-level three-phase DAB.

   HVDC-based modular multilevel converter in the STATCOM operation mode
By Abel ANTÓNIO-FERREIRA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In a futuristic vision, deeply interconnected ac and dc networks are expected, which would be re-structured over the time in order to maximize the power transmission efficiency. In some grid configurations, grid-tied inverters can eventually become islanded from the dc grid by means of breakers and enhancing those converters with the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) functionality can increase their value. In this context, there is an extra degree of freedom, which is the voltage drop that should be targeted between the dc poles of the converter.Due to the modular multilevel converter (MMC) flexibility, the converter energy storage and the average voltage generated in the converter arms can be managed to achieve some goals as the converter efficiency and ac power quality increase, conjointly with the voltage ripple reduction on the capacitor values. This work analyzes the referred degrees of freedom of the converter control and the correspondent impact on the converter operating performance.

   Interline Hybrid Unified Power Quality Conditioner
By Murat Mustafa SAVRUN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a new interline hybrid unified power quality conditioner (IHUPQC) structure to improve the power quality of distribution feeders and to decrease the power ratings/voltages and switching losses of voltage source converters (VSCs). The IHUPQC consists of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), an isolated dc-dc converter and a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) with a common dc bus. The inverse park phase locked loop (IP-PLL) technique is used to detect the distortions of signals in both feeders. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) based voltage control and current control are used for DVR and SHAPF respectively. The isolated dc-dc converter has PI controller based simple phase shift (SPS) technique. The proposed structure is designed for 34.5 kV voltage level and simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC to verify system.

   Matrix Converter Topology for Distributed Energy Applications
By El Hadj MILIANI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: With increasing levels of distributed generation systems connecting into the electrical grid, power electronics converters are widely applied to interface these systems to the grid and to provide various control functionalities. This paper presents a novel matrix converter topology with adapted control strategies for energy conversion in distributed energy systems. This topology with the associated control strategies offers the possibility to connect a high speed or variable speed generator to the grid as well as auto-start-up of the prime mover, gas turbine in this case. The proposed matrix converter topology performs two complementary functions. Start-up function during which a DC to AC conversion is performed from a battery to ensure the turbine start-up, and AC to AC conversion to connect the generator to the grid. Simulations and experiments on a 3 kW test bench are carried out to show that the proposed generating system is effective and provides a new solution for variable/high speed generating systems. Control law was implemented on DSP controller, experimental results are presented.

   On Energy Storage Requirements in Alternate Arm Converters and Modular Multilevel Converters
By Stefanie HEINIG [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, a comparison of the energy storage requirements is performed for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge and full-bridge submodules as well as for the alternate arm converter (AAC). Concerning the AAC, the operational mode with overlap period is taken into account and an analytical relation between the overlap angle and the modulation index is presented. This ensures that the net energy exchange for the converter arms is zero over each half cycle.

   Output power increase of a 3-level converter using state-of-the-art 4.5kV IGBT modules
By JOKIN AGUIRREZABAL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The permanent demand on increasing output power and density of Medium Voltage Converters in different applications is pushing up the need of new devices with higher current rates in the market. Semiconductor manufacturers are evolving their technology in order to achieve higher current rates [1-4], especially based on higher junction temperature operation, new chip layout which enhances the thermal impedance and also lower conduction and switching losses, with its trade-off relationship in order to optimize the device to the corresponding topology and application. The new Technology version of Hitachi's 4,5kV IGBTs (1500A) has been tested in order to verify its features for a new 3LNPC converter to be used in Wind applications. This new devices increase rated current compared to conventional 4.5kV IGBT modules [5]. For the verification, different tuned devices have been evaluated in a 3-level configuration from the loss point of view (conduction and switching), thermal impedance and maximum spike voltage. The best options were selected in order to increase the output current (in certain operation points) more than 50\% for a 3L NPC converter.

   Performance analysis of a SiC-based single-phase H-bridge inverter with active power decoupling
By Ioan SERBAN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a single-phase inverter, in H-bridge configuration, implemented with silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, which includes an active power decoupling solution that does not require additional power semiconductors. The system is investigated in terms of voltage and current stress and how the efficiency is affected in comparison with the conventional H-bridge inverter. Moreover, the paper also includes a comparison of the inverter implemented with SiC MOSFETs and with classical silicon-based IGBTs. The analysis is supported by simulation and experimental results based on a 1kVA laboratory system.

EPE 2016 - DS2d: Advanced Power Converter Topologies
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 02: Power Converter Topologies and Design > EPE 2016 - DS2d: Advanced Power Converter Topologies
	[return to parent folder]

	A new control for modular multilevel converters and their use as DC circuit breaker. By Miguel JIMENEZ CARRIZOSA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a new modulation for modular multilevel converters (MMC) based on a simple idea,which is very easy to implement. It consists of playing with the relative behaviour of each phase in orderto obtain the desired AC voltage. This method also assures that the voltage capacitor in each sub-moduleremains constant. Moreover, this converter allows the operation of the system under unbalanced conditions,and it can be used intrinsically as a DC circuit-breaker (DC-CB) without the need for additionalpower electronics and control if full bridge sub-modules are used.

	Adaptive discontinuous zero sequence signal for modular multilevel converter applications By Abel ANTÓNIO-FERREIRA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This work proposes a technique to inject a discontinuous zero sequence signal (D-ZSS) into voltage modulation of the modular multilevel converter arms. The core of the technique is the clamping of the arm voltages to a particular level and interval, in such a way that reduces the number of switching events on the instants that the load stress on the semiconductors is high, and consequently the dissipated energy. The clamping voltage and interval has some degrees of freedom which are also discussed.The description of the methodology is complemented with its simulation. Either in steady-state or in dynamic converter operation this technique is able to reduce the switching events and the correspondent total losses up to 6.6\%. Hence contributing to a more efficient VSC-HVdc solution.

	An AC Reactive Power Compensator Based On a Nine Switch Converter. By ALEXANDRA KAPIDOU	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper investigates a nine-switch converter topology for STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) application as well as the developed controller and the modulation strategy. The focus of the paper is to study the grid code compliance of a wind farm integrated into the grid while using the aforementioned converter topology. A numerical example is also given so as to examine the dynamic range of the converter and its Low Voltage Ride-Through capability.

	Bidirectional Converter with High Frequency Isolation Feasible to Solid State Transformer Applications By Luan Carlos MAZZA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a new three-port ac-dc converter topology based on the bidirectional version of the three-state switching cell (3SSC) and neutral point clamped (NPC) with Dual Active Bridge (DAB) fea- sible to interconnect an AC link, a DC link and photovoltaic panels. The three port converter operates as solid state transformer (SST). It the primary side switches voltage and current stresses are reduced due to NPC and 3SSC characteristics. Some operating ranges presented Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). Modulation strategy and control are presented. For the drive control was implemented five control loops: PFC (Power Factor Correction); full voltage and balancing voltages acroos port 2 capacitors; magnetiza- tion current and voltage on port 3. A 33.33 kW converter with the peak value of the AC voltage is 9.35 kV and DC voltage at port 3 is 800 V with a DC bus voltage at port 2 of 22 kV has been simulated. A comparative loss studies with other converter topologies is also made. The proposed topology presented efficiency of 97.2\%

	Branch Energy Balancing with a Generalised Control Concept for Modular Multilevel Topologies - Using the Example of the Modular Multilevel Converter By Dennis KARWATZKI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, branch energy balancing as part of a generalised control concept for modular multilevel converter topologies is investigated. A way to derive an optimal branch energy balancing regarding current stress is introduced. Afterwards, this generalised approach is applied to the Modular Multilevel Converter as an example topology. The approach is tested via simulation and verified with a low-voltage test setup.

	Design and Implementation of Full Bridge Bidirectional Isolated DC-DC Converter for High Power Applications By Tahsin KOROGLU	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes the design and implementation of a high power full bridge bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter (BIDC) which comprises of two symmetrical voltage source converters and a high frequency transformer. In the proposed BIDC, a well-known PI controller based single phase-shift (SPS) modulation technique is used in order to achieve high power transfer. Besides, different phase shift methods such as extended phase-shift (EPS) and double phase-shift (DPS) are compared with SPS. Both simulation and experimental results are caried out to verify PI controller based simple phase-shift controlled BIDC prototype that is designed for 300-V 2.4-kW and operating at 20 kHz.

	Evaluation of a High-Power Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Three-Level Phase-Legs By Nico BAARS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A three-phase dual active bridge (DAB) converter with three-level phase-legs is analyzed, showing anincreased soft-switching region and a reduction in rms current in the ac-link for unequal input and outputvoltages compared to the conventional two-level circuit. Furthermore, a comparison of the semiconductorlosses is carried out for different three-level inverter implementations using commercially availablesilicon (Si) and silicon-carbide (SiC) power modules. The lowest losses are found for the T-type implementationwith a combination of SiC and Si power modules. Experimental results, obtained from ahigh-power prototype, are included to support the evaluation of the three-level three-phase DAB.

	HVDC-based modular multilevel converter in the STATCOM operation mode By Abel ANTÓNIO-FERREIRA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In a futuristic vision, deeply interconnected ac and dc networks are expected, which would be re-structured over the time in order to maximize the power transmission efficiency. In some grid configurations, grid-tied inverters can eventually become islanded from the dc grid by means of breakers and enhancing those converters with the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) functionality can increase their value. In this context, there is an extra degree of freedom, which is the voltage drop that should be targeted between the dc poles of the converter.Due to the modular multilevel converter (MMC) flexibility, the converter energy storage and the average voltage generated in the converter arms can be managed to achieve some goals as the converter efficiency and ac power quality increase, conjointly with the voltage ripple reduction on the capacitor values. This work analyzes the referred degrees of freedom of the converter control and the correspondent impact on the converter operating performance.

	Interline Hybrid Unified Power Quality Conditioner By Murat Mustafa SAVRUN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a new interline hybrid unified power quality conditioner (IHUPQC) structure to improve the power quality of distribution feeders and to decrease the power ratings/voltages and switching losses of voltage source converters (VSCs). The IHUPQC consists of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), an isolated dc-dc converter and a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) with a common dc bus. The inverse park phase locked loop (IP-PLL) technique is used to detect the distortions of signals in both feeders. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) based voltage control and current control are used for DVR and SHAPF respectively. The isolated dc-dc converter has PI controller based simple phase shift (SPS) technique. The proposed structure is designed for 34.5 kV voltage level and simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC to verify system.

	Matrix Converter Topology for Distributed Energy Applications By El Hadj MILIANI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: With increasing levels of distributed generation systems connecting into the electrical grid, power electronics converters are widely applied to interface these systems to the grid and to provide various control functionalities. This paper presents a novel matrix converter topology with adapted control strategies for energy conversion in distributed energy systems. This topology with the associated control strategies offers the possibility to connect a high speed or variable speed generator to the grid as well as auto-start-up of the prime mover, gas turbine in this case. The proposed matrix converter topology performs two complementary functions. Start-up function during which a DC to AC conversion is performed from a battery to ensure the turbine start-up, and AC to AC conversion to connect the generator to the grid. Simulations and experiments on a 3 kW test bench are carried out to show that the proposed generating system is effective and provides a new solution for variable/high speed generating systems. Control law was implemented on DSP controller, experimental results are presented.

	On Energy Storage Requirements in Alternate Arm Converters and Modular Multilevel Converters By Stefanie HEINIG	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a comparison of the energy storage requirements is performed for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge and full-bridge submodules as well as for the alternate arm converter (AAC). Concerning the AAC, the operational mode with overlap period is taken into account and an analytical relation between the overlap angle and the modulation index is presented. This ensures that the net energy exchange for the converter arms is zero over each half cycle.

	Output power increase of a 3-level converter using state-of-the-art 4.5kV IGBT modules By JOKIN AGUIRREZABAL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The permanent demand on increasing output power and density of Medium Voltage Converters in different applications is pushing up the need of new devices with higher current rates in the market. Semiconductor manufacturers are evolving their technology in order to achieve higher current rates [1-4], especially based on higher junction temperature operation, new chip layout which enhances the thermal impedance and also lower conduction and switching losses, with its trade-off relationship in order to optimize the device to the corresponding topology and application. The new Technology version of Hitachi's 4,5kV IGBTs (1500A) has been tested in order to verify its features for a new 3LNPC converter to be used in Wind applications. This new devices increase rated current compared to conventional 4.5kV IGBT modules [5]. For the verification, different tuned devices have been evaluated in a 3-level configuration from the loss point of view (conduction and switching), thermal impedance and maximum spike voltage. The best options were selected in order to increase the output current (in certain operation points) more than 50\% for a 3L NPC converter.

	Performance analysis of a SiC-based single-phase H-bridge inverter with active power decoupling By Ioan SERBAN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a single-phase inverter, in H-bridge configuration, implemented with silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, which includes an active power decoupling solution that does not require additional power semiconductors. The system is investigated in terms of voltage and current stress and how the efficiency is affected in comparison with the conventional H-bridge inverter. Moreover, the paper also includes a comparison of the inverter implemented with SiC MOSFETs and with classical silicon-based IGBTs. The analysis is supported by simulation and experimental results based on a 1kVA laboratory system.