EPE Association: EPE 2016 - DS3i: Smart Grids; Power Quality Issues and Protection Issues

EPE 2016 - DS3i: Smart Grids; Power Quality Issues and Protection Issues
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 06: Grids and Smart Grids > EPE 2016 - DS3i: Smart Grids; Power Quality Issues and Protection Issues

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   A Modified Method of Selective Harmonic Compensation for Three-Level Active Power Filter
By Ling FENG [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposed an improved selective harmonic current control method for three-level Active PowerFilter (APF) . The improved control method is not only able to compensate for any specified harmoniccurrent, but also to simplify the design of the current controller and improve the stability of the system.

   A Multi-site Real-time Co-simulation Platform for the Testing of Control Strategies of Distributed Storage and V2G in Distribution Networks
By Alberto TENCONI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a real-time co-simulation platform aimed to test control strategies for the management of the interaction between a smart grid and active prosumers. The main feature of the proposed framework relies on the multi-site approach that allows the decoupling between the network model and the system under test. This allows separate testing with the exchange of a limited amount of information between the two systems, helping to preserve the confidentiality of data belonging to different parties. As an example the paper addresses the development and testing of a distributed storage and vehicle-to-grid management system connected to a real distribution network model.

   A new hybrid medium voltage breaker for DC interruption or AC fault current limitation
By Lars LILJESTRAND [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A hybrid medium voltage breaker consisting of a power electronic switch (PE) by-passed by a parallel mechanical switch is presented in the paper. The main operation modes and the performances of a 12 kV apparatus with 25 kA short-circuit current capability are introduced. The results of the experimental tests confirm the electrical behaviors foreseen by the simulations during the design phase. The uses of the apparatus in MV applications as AC fault current limiter (FCL) and DC circuit breaker are presented and discussed.

   A Novel Smart Energy Management System in Sports Stadiums
By Shady KHALIL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Professional and collegiate sport venues consume huge electrical energy. Therefore, a smart managementof their electric energy is essential for significant energy saving. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novelembedded real-time, smart, and active energy management system to monitor and efficiently managesuch huge and typically uncontrolled energy for minimizing energy consumption and cost per day whileconsidering spectators preferences, comfort level in behavioral modification program, and health aspects.This will provide an opportunity for spectators to reduce energy consumption and improve energyefficiency while considering healthcare concept. In addition, the proposed energy management system isequipped with embedded tools to collect and monitor energy information for each stadium's area. Thedata are processed and fed to the artificial neural network algorithm that is used for managing andcontrolling stadium loads. This strategy does not require any change in the conventional stadiumelectrical panel. The proposed online algorithm yields to improve the overall grid efficiency, reliability,and increase awareness of the importance of energy conservation. Real-Time implementation of theconcept is demonstrated and analyzed.

   A Switching On Control Strategy of the DC-SSPC for the Capacitive Loads
By Li-nan SONG [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Solid-State Power Controller (SSPC) is a key device in the advanced aircraft power distribution system. It replaces the traditional electromechanical circuit breakers, contactors and relays to switch loads on/off and provides comprehensive protection functions. The large surge current, which results from the starting of large capacitive loads, is similar to the short-circuit fault, so it may mislead to the false protection and on the other hand, destroy the solid-state switch MOSFET. This paper proposes a control strategy for DC-SSPC, which can not only limit spikes but also distinguish short-circuit fault from capacitive loads quickly. Simulations and experiments proves that the control strategy is feasible. And compared with the fixed time delay fault detection strategy, the newly proposed control strategy can decrease the distinguish time, increase the capacity of switching on large capacitive loads.

   Active power filter with model based predictive current control in natural and dq frame
By Swen BOSCH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, a model based predictive current control scheme for active power filters is presented. The proposed method is based on common control schemes, but is only related with a low computational effort. For the predictive control, an inverse model of the voltage source inverter is used. For calculating the inverse model, a future value of the reference current is needed. In the steady state, the load current and thereby the reference current are periodic with the fundamental period, meaning that a future value is equal to a corresponding past value. Thus, this past value can be used.The proposed method is applied to a three-phase four-wire system with control in natural frame and to a three-phase three-wire system with control in the synchronous dq frame. With focus on the predictive control, the general advantages and disadvantages of the different setups are discussed.Simulation and measurement results compensating the distortion current of a non-linear load are presented and the performance of both setups is compared.

   An online control method of APLC for network-wide harmonic suppression considering the coupling characteristics of nonlinear loads
By Hao ZHAI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Conventional researches about network harmonic suppression generally assumed the network was linear and individual at various frequencies, which ignored the coupling relations of nonlinear loads. This paper studies coupling characteristics by matrix model. Through simplifying matrix model, a novel online control method of active power line conditioners (APLC) was proposed.

   DC GRIDS : New Over Current Protection
By Remy OUAIDA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Fuses and Circuit Breakers play an important safety role in electrical transportation systems. Challenging new applications, especially in DC grids, have brought conventional current limiting devices to their limits. Indeed, mechanical circuit breakers may be too slow to open for networks withlarge DC fault currents. On the other hand, fuses may be too slow to open with very low DC fault currents. For AC applications, the natural zero crossing will help clear fault currents. In DC applications, the no natural zero crossing makes clearing faults by conventional current limiting technologies difficult. This paper presents a new solution to protect DC transportation using a fuse and pyroswitch hybrid system. This will apply to PV generation, energy storage, Electric Vehicles.

   DC Microgrid Protection by Selective Detection of Series Arcing using Load Side Power Electronic Devices
By Aditya SHEKHAR [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a method to mitigate the problems related to series arcing in low voltage dc (LVdc) micro-grids by performing voltage drop detection using the power electronic device at the load-side. Specifically, the selectivity of the designed series arc detection algorithm is shown for two constant power loads connected in parallel at the point of common coupling with a stable voltage dc micro-grid during accidental unplugging. The influence of the variations in the grid parameters on the load capacitor voltage characteristics and the response of the designed detection algorithm is discussed, thereby, offering insight into the maximum voltage drop and rise time with different circuit configurations due to series arc initiation.

   Design Considerations and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for HVDC Grids
By Dimosthenis PEFTITSIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a performance evaluation in terms of applicability, response times, energy dissipa- tion, passive components and power semiconductors requirements of the four most promising hybrid DC circuit breaker concepts for HVDC grids. Specific design guidelines for all of the hybrid DC circuit breakers are also shown. The evaluation of the hybrid DC circuit breakers has been performed using PLECS.

   EMI filter design for high switching speed and frequency grid-connected inverters
By Andressa SCHITTLER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Wide-Band Gap semiconductors outstanding performance enables switching frequency increase whilst maintaining high efficiency, aiming overall system compaction. Nevertheless the EMI filter volume is often disregarded, being strongly affected by high amplitude harmonics which are now inside the frequency range of EMI standards, as CISPR 11. In this way, this paper presents an analysis of the emitted noise from a WBG-based PV inverter with bipolar modulation, EMI filter modeling and design guidelines for high switching frequency/speed inverters. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

   Integration and Safety of electric vehicles in a residential electrical installation for V2H services
By Géraldine VENTORUZZO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) supposes that electric vehicle (EV) chargers are bidirectionnal. It is necessary to find the best solution to use a bidirectionnal EV charger in a residential installation in terms of safety, availability and cost. This paper shows a method to determine if a residential installation can be supplied by an EV in stand-alone mode, without risk for person safety or availability in case of insulation faults, compared to the grid-connected mode. The used method is the event-tree analysis: an event tree for the 'insulation fault' event is proposed to determine the consequences in function of success or failure of intermediate events. Here, two configurations are considered: first, a TT-earthing installation supplied by the utility grid and secondly the same installation without change in stand-alone mode and only supplied by an EV (corresponding to an IT-earthing system). The last configuration is studied because energy supply is not the main function of an EV, so the extra cost and the system complexity due to a bidirectionnal charger must be avoided as far as possible. After the weighting of intermediate event success and failure for each configuration, the event tree analysis reveals that the IT-earthing in stand-alone mode configuration is not an issue for person safety but that there is a decrease of the supply availability compared to the grid-connected mode. The parameters, which causes these decrease, depends primarily on the installation architecture, connected loads and the sizing of EV charger components. The method proposed here can be applied to other configurations in grid-connected or stand-alone mode to verify if there is any risk for safety or availability and to verify the robustness of the architecture in case of failure in the installation (for example, an appliance which is not connected to the protective conductor).

   Optimization of Critical Oscillations within a Boost Converter Based on an Analytical Model
By Lars MIDDELSTAEDT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Oscillations in power electronic circuits with fast switching semiconductors are commonly known and the corresponding parasitic elements have been investigated in multiple literature. However, this paper investigates the triggering of these electromagnetic interference (EMI)-critical oscillations. An analytical description is derived using a boost converter circuit. Based on this description an optimization strategy is presented to reduce the oscillation amplitude and therefore the amplitude of the EMI spectrum without necessarily reducing the switching speed.

   Robust observer based active damping control for LCL filtered grid connected converters using LMI criterion
By Abdeldjabar BENRABAH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The design of current controller of voltage source converter connected to the grid through an LCLfilter becomes more and more challenging because of the LCL filter resonance behaviour and theuncertainty of the grid impedance value which may lead to instability problems. In this context, arobust active damping control for LCL filtered grid connected inverter under grid inductance variationis proposed in this paper. The two useful methodologies, Lyapunov stability theory and LMI approach,are adopted to design robust observer-based control for this class of uncertain systems. Thesimulations results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this control. A comparison study of theresults derived in this work with previous observer based active damping method shows thesuperiority of the proposed design strategy.

   Space Phasor based Improved Hysteresis Current Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter using 3-Level Inverter
By ANUBRATA DEY [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper an improved control method is proposed for space phasor based Hysteresis Current Controller. For medium voltage application, Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) using this improved controller will be able to meet the strict power quality standards. In a grid connected system, non-linear loads using semiconductor devices pose a serious threat to power quality and there this proposed controller due to its fast current tracking ability, can be a suitable choice. All the inherent advantages of space phasor based approach remains intact in it including optimal voltage phasor switching. A simple approach to compute online current error boundary similar to that of a 2-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), is applied to a 3-level structure here. Finally, a grid connected Diode Bridge Rectified (DBR) load and a 3-level SAPF system is simulated in desktop to validate all the features of the proposed controller.

   VOLTAGE DIPS DETECTION IN A SYSTEM WITH GRID-TIE INVERTER
By Aleksandar STANISAVLJEVIC [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The paper describes voltage dips detection method in cases of grid-tie inverter systems. A newlydeveloped harmonic estimation algorithm, Reduced FFT (RFFT), has been applied. The grid-tieinverter system has been modelled and simulated in the Matlab/SimPowerSystems environment.Laboratory experiment was carried out with dSPACE control hardware. The voltage dips wereproduced by grid emulator. For voltage dips detection the algorithm, which is able to monitor the 3rdharmonic is considered suitable in most of the cases. It is shown, both in simulation and experimentsthat the proposed method is reliable, successful and quick enough. It is much faster than existing ones,i.e. detection time is less than one half-period, so it is more convenient for grid-tie inverter protectionpurposes.

EPE 2016 - DS3i: Smart Grids; Power Quality Issues and Protection Issues
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 06: Grids and Smart Grids > EPE 2016 - DS3i: Smart Grids; Power Quality Issues and Protection Issues
	[return to parent folder]

	A Modified Method of Selective Harmonic Compensation for Three-Level Active Power Filter By Ling FENG	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposed an improved selective harmonic current control method for three-level Active PowerFilter (APF) . The improved control method is not only able to compensate for any specified harmoniccurrent, but also to simplify the design of the current controller and improve the stability of the system.

	A Multi-site Real-time Co-simulation Platform for the Testing of Control Strategies of Distributed Storage and V2G in Distribution Networks By Alberto TENCONI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a real-time co-simulation platform aimed to test control strategies for the management of the interaction between a smart grid and active prosumers. The main feature of the proposed framework relies on the multi-site approach that allows the decoupling between the network model and the system under test. This allows separate testing with the exchange of a limited amount of information between the two systems, helping to preserve the confidentiality of data belonging to different parties. As an example the paper addresses the development and testing of a distributed storage and vehicle-to-grid management system connected to a real distribution network model.

	A new hybrid medium voltage breaker for DC interruption or AC fault current limitation By Lars LILJESTRAND	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A hybrid medium voltage breaker consisting of a power electronic switch (PE) by-passed by a parallel mechanical switch is presented in the paper. The main operation modes and the performances of a 12 kV apparatus with 25 kA short-circuit current capability are introduced. The results of the experimental tests confirm the electrical behaviors foreseen by the simulations during the design phase. The uses of the apparatus in MV applications as AC fault current limiter (FCL) and DC circuit breaker are presented and discussed.

	A Novel Smart Energy Management System in Sports Stadiums By Shady KHALIL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Professional and collegiate sport venues consume huge electrical energy. Therefore, a smart managementof their electric energy is essential for significant energy saving. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novelembedded real-time, smart, and active energy management system to monitor and efficiently managesuch huge and typically uncontrolled energy for minimizing energy consumption and cost per day whileconsidering spectators preferences, comfort level in behavioral modification program, and health aspects.This will provide an opportunity for spectators to reduce energy consumption and improve energyefficiency while considering healthcare concept. In addition, the proposed energy management system isequipped with embedded tools to collect and monitor energy information for each stadium's area. Thedata are processed and fed to the artificial neural network algorithm that is used for managing andcontrolling stadium loads. This strategy does not require any change in the conventional stadiumelectrical panel. The proposed online algorithm yields to improve the overall grid efficiency, reliability,and increase awareness of the importance of energy conservation. Real-Time implementation of theconcept is demonstrated and analyzed.

	A Switching On Control Strategy of the DC-SSPC for the Capacitive Loads By Li-nan SONG	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Solid-State Power Controller (SSPC) is a key device in the advanced aircraft power distribution system. It replaces the traditional electromechanical circuit breakers, contactors and relays to switch loads on/off and provides comprehensive protection functions. The large surge current, which results from the starting of large capacitive loads, is similar to the short-circuit fault, so it may mislead to the false protection and on the other hand, destroy the solid-state switch MOSFET. This paper proposes a control strategy for DC-SSPC, which can not only limit spikes but also distinguish short-circuit fault from capacitive loads quickly. Simulations and experiments proves that the control strategy is feasible. And compared with the fixed time delay fault detection strategy, the newly proposed control strategy can decrease the distinguish time, increase the capacity of switching on large capacitive loads.

	Active power filter with model based predictive current control in natural and dq frame By Swen BOSCH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a model based predictive current control scheme for active power filters is presented. The proposed method is based on common control schemes, but is only related with a low computational effort. For the predictive control, an inverse model of the voltage source inverter is used. For calculating the inverse model, a future value of the reference current is needed. In the steady state, the load current and thereby the reference current are periodic with the fundamental period, meaning that a future value is equal to a corresponding past value. Thus, this past value can be used.The proposed method is applied to a three-phase four-wire system with control in natural frame and to a three-phase three-wire system with control in the synchronous dq frame. With focus on the predictive control, the general advantages and disadvantages of the different setups are discussed.Simulation and measurement results compensating the distortion current of a non-linear load are presented and the performance of both setups is compared.

	An online control method of APLC for network-wide harmonic suppression considering the coupling characteristics of nonlinear loads By Hao ZHAI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Conventional researches about network harmonic suppression generally assumed the network was linear and individual at various frequencies, which ignored the coupling relations of nonlinear loads. This paper studies coupling characteristics by matrix model. Through simplifying matrix model, a novel online control method of active power line conditioners (APLC) was proposed.

	DC GRIDS : New Over Current Protection By Remy OUAIDA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Fuses and Circuit Breakers play an important safety role in electrical transportation systems. Challenging new applications, especially in DC grids, have brought conventional current limiting devices to their limits. Indeed, mechanical circuit breakers may be too slow to open for networks withlarge DC fault currents. On the other hand, fuses may be too slow to open with very low DC fault currents. For AC applications, the natural zero crossing will help clear fault currents. In DC applications, the no natural zero crossing makes clearing faults by conventional current limiting technologies difficult. This paper presents a new solution to protect DC transportation using a fuse and pyroswitch hybrid system. This will apply to PV generation, energy storage, Electric Vehicles.

	DC Microgrid Protection by Selective Detection of Series Arcing using Load Side Power Electronic Devices By Aditya SHEKHAR	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a method to mitigate the problems related to series arcing in low voltage dc (LVdc) micro-grids by performing voltage drop detection using the power electronic device at the load-side. Specifically, the selectivity of the designed series arc detection algorithm is shown for two constant power loads connected in parallel at the point of common coupling with a stable voltage dc micro-grid during accidental unplugging. The influence of the variations in the grid parameters on the load capacitor voltage characteristics and the response of the designed detection algorithm is discussed, thereby, offering insight into the maximum voltage drop and rise time with different circuit configurations due to series arc initiation.

	Design Considerations and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers for HVDC Grids By Dimosthenis PEFTITSIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a performance evaluation in terms of applicability, response times, energy dissipa- tion, passive components and power semiconductors requirements of the four most promising hybrid DC circuit breaker concepts for HVDC grids. Specific design guidelines for all of the hybrid DC circuit breakers are also shown. The evaluation of the hybrid DC circuit breakers has been performed using PLECS.

	EMI filter design for high switching speed and frequency grid-connected inverters By Andressa SCHITTLER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Wide-Band Gap semiconductors outstanding performance enables switching frequency increase whilst maintaining high efficiency, aiming overall system compaction. Nevertheless the EMI filter volume is often disregarded, being strongly affected by high amplitude harmonics which are now inside the frequency range of EMI standards, as CISPR 11. In this way, this paper presents an analysis of the emitted noise from a WBG-based PV inverter with bipolar modulation, EMI filter modeling and design guidelines for high switching frequency/speed inverters. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

	Integration and Safety of electric vehicles in a residential electrical installation for V2H services By Géraldine VENTORUZZO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) supposes that electric vehicle (EV) chargers are bidirectionnal. It is necessary to find the best solution to use a bidirectionnal EV charger in a residential installation in terms of safety, availability and cost. This paper shows a method to determine if a residential installation can be supplied by an EV in stand-alone mode, without risk for person safety or availability in case of insulation faults, compared to the grid-connected mode. The used method is the event-tree analysis: an event tree for the 'insulation fault' event is proposed to determine the consequences in function of success or failure of intermediate events. Here, two configurations are considered: first, a TT-earthing installation supplied by the utility grid and secondly the same installation without change in stand-alone mode and only supplied by an EV (corresponding to an IT-earthing system). The last configuration is studied because energy supply is not the main function of an EV, so the extra cost and the system complexity due to a bidirectionnal charger must be avoided as far as possible. After the weighting of intermediate event success and failure for each configuration, the event tree analysis reveals that the IT-earthing in stand-alone mode configuration is not an issue for person safety but that there is a decrease of the supply availability compared to the grid-connected mode. The parameters, which causes these decrease, depends primarily on the installation architecture, connected loads and the sizing of EV charger components. The method proposed here can be applied to other configurations in grid-connected or stand-alone mode to verify if there is any risk for safety or availability and to verify the robustness of the architecture in case of failure in the installation (for example, an appliance which is not connected to the protective conductor).

	Optimization of Critical Oscillations within a Boost Converter Based on an Analytical Model By Lars MIDDELSTAEDT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Oscillations in power electronic circuits with fast switching semiconductors are commonly known and the corresponding parasitic elements have been investigated in multiple literature. However, this paper investigates the triggering of these electromagnetic interference (EMI)-critical oscillations. An analytical description is derived using a boost converter circuit. Based on this description an optimization strategy is presented to reduce the oscillation amplitude and therefore the amplitude of the EMI spectrum without necessarily reducing the switching speed.

	Robust observer based active damping control for LCL filtered grid connected converters using LMI criterion By Abdeldjabar BENRABAH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The design of current controller of voltage source converter connected to the grid through an LCLfilter becomes more and more challenging because of the LCL filter resonance behaviour and theuncertainty of the grid impedance value which may lead to instability problems. In this context, arobust active damping control for LCL filtered grid connected inverter under grid inductance variationis proposed in this paper. The two useful methodologies, Lyapunov stability theory and LMI approach,are adopted to design robust observer-based control for this class of uncertain systems. Thesimulations results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this control. A comparison study of theresults derived in this work with previous observer based active damping method shows thesuperiority of the proposed design strategy.

	Space Phasor based Improved Hysteresis Current Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter using 3-Level Inverter By ANUBRATA DEY	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper an improved control method is proposed for space phasor based Hysteresis Current Controller. For medium voltage application, Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) using this improved controller will be able to meet the strict power quality standards. In a grid connected system, non-linear loads using semiconductor devices pose a serious threat to power quality and there this proposed controller due to its fast current tracking ability, can be a suitable choice. All the inherent advantages of space phasor based approach remains intact in it including optimal voltage phasor switching. A simple approach to compute online current error boundary similar to that of a 2-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), is applied to a 3-level structure here. Finally, a grid connected Diode Bridge Rectified (DBR) load and a 3-level SAPF system is simulated in desktop to validate all the features of the proposed controller.

	VOLTAGE DIPS DETECTION IN A SYSTEM WITH GRID-TIE INVERTER By Aleksandar STANISAVLJEVIC	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes voltage dips detection method in cases of grid-tie inverter systems. A newlydeveloped harmonic estimation algorithm, Reduced FFT (RFFT), has been applied. The grid-tieinverter system has been modelled and simulated in the Matlab/SimPowerSystems environment.Laboratory experiment was carried out with dSPACE control hardware. The voltage dips wereproduced by grid emulator. For voltage dips detection the algorithm, which is able to monitor the 3rdharmonic is considered suitable in most of the cases. It is shown, both in simulation and experimentsthat the proposed method is reliable, successful and quick enough. It is much faster than existing ones,i.e. detection time is less than one half-period, so it is more convenient for grid-tie inverter protectionpurposes.