EPE Association: EPE 2016 - DS2g: Adjustable Speed Drives

EPE 2016 - DS2g: Adjustable Speed Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 04: Electrical Machines and Drive Systems > EPE 2016 - DS2g: Adjustable Speed Drives

   [return to parent folder]

   A Hybrid Permanent Magnet and Wound Field Synchronous Machine with Displaced Reluctance Axis Capable of Symmetric Four Quadrant Operation
By Patrick WINZER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel hybrid permanent magnet and wound field synchronous machine geometrywith a displaced reluctance axis. This concept is known for improving motor operation performance andefficiency at the cost of an inferior generator operation. To overcome this disadvantage, the proposedmachine geometry is capable of inverting the magnetic asymmetry dynamically. Thereby, the positiveeffects of the magnetic asymmetry can be used in any operation point. This paper examines the theoreticalbackground and shows the benefits of this geometry by means of simulation and measurement. Theprototype achieves an increase in torque of 4\% and an increase in efficiency of 2 percentage points overa conventional electrically excited synchronous machine.

   A model-based loss-reduction scheme for transient operation of induction machines
By Robin WEISS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The present paper deals with loss minimization for speed controlled squirrel-cage induction machines. In particular, a flatness-based online trajectory planning algorithm for the rotor flux is introduced that ensures loss optimization in transient operating regimes. Therefore, a matched model of the losses being polynomial in the flux is used. For a trajectory of the torque which is a polynomial function of time it is possible to obtain the parameters for a polynomial prototype of the flux trajectory such that a loss-optimal regime can be approximately reached. The generation of the trajectories is shown exemplary for linear speed transitions. A flux-oriented cascaded control scheme with a flatness-based feed-forward ensures tracking of the nominal trajectories. Experiments with different linear speed transitions show significant improvements of the efficiency in comparison to the operation with rated flux and a flux optimized for steady state.

   A Novel Deadbeat Direct Torque and Flux Control of IPMSM with Parameter Identification
By Weijie LIN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Because traditional direct torque control (DTC) has unfixed switching frequency and ripple of torque and flux, deadbeat direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is studied. At first, DB-DTFC based on IPMSM mathematical model is deduced. The calculated proper voltage vector can make reference torque and stator flux during one sampling period. But, parameters of IPMSM such as inductance of stator windings vary with its operation and affect on torque and flux performance. Secondly, parameter identification based on recursive least squares with forgetting factor is analyzed, which can identify IPMSM parameters online and eliminate their affects on performance of torque and stator flux. Finally, simulations are carried out and validate the proposed DB-DTFC which has both excellent dynamic and steady performance.

   A Novel Flux-Weakening Control Method for Robust Position Sensorless Control to Magnetic Saturation of IPMSMs
By Atsushi MATSUMOTO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper, a novel flux-weakening control method for robust position sensorless control to magnetic saturation of interior permanent synchronous motors has been proposed. The proposed method can achieve the fast torque response and construct the robust control system to magnetic saturation.

   A real-life fuse design for a fault-tolerant motor inverter
By Michael GLEISSNER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Various fault-tolerant inverter structures have been proposed, which are mostly reconfigured by faultisolating fuses. The inverter design requirements for safe fuse blowing are investigated. Moreover, the effects of differing fuse characteristics and the influence on semiconductors during fuse interruption are evaluated in theory and with a practical setup.

   A two-step analytic design and optimization of small variable speed PMSMs for home appliances
By Javier MARTINEZ [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the design of an inner rotor Permanent Magnet (PM) motor using a two-step approach. The first step consists of retrieving the basic geometric and electric constants using a combination of both an analytic and a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA). This technique allows the most efficient and cheapest motor for a certain type of home appliances application to be found when harmonics are neglected during the optimization design. This assumption implies that iron losses are only relevant in the stator domains. The peculiarity of the optimization of the motor is the fact that the most efficient operating point is located at one tenth of the maximum load of the electric motor. The second step consists of comparing the resulting optimized motor using Finite Element Analysis. This step is crucial to accurately compare the efficiency of the resulting drive with the analytic results. The advantage of using this tool is that we can also include the effect of the different space harmonics in the efficiency computation. These harmonics rotate at a different speed than the rotor and can produce additional losses in the rotor's iron parts. The agreement between the results of the two-step analysis infers that the effect of the space harmonics is not relevant for this drive. The decay of efficiency due to these space harmonics is in the order of 0.05\%.

   Control Performance improvement in Feedback-Type Flux-Weakening Control Method using Value of Voltage Saturation for SynRMs
By Kanako HAYAKAWA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs), it is difficult to achieve the wide speed drive because the conventional flux-weakening control is affected greatly by the magnetic saturation. In this paper, a new flux-weakening control method using the value of the voltage saturation for SynRMs has been proposed.

   Effect of electric motor efficiency and sizing on the energy efficiency in pumping systems
By Sergio Martinez OROZCO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Energy efficiency in pumping is affected by the motor efficiency. This paper studies the applicability of common electric motor types to an industrial pumping system by comparing the motor efficiency characteristics with each other, and by analysing how the motor efficiency and sizing affect the resulting pumping system energy consumption with a standard load profile. The objective of the paper is to provide guidance on the motor sizing, so the most energy efficient alternative will be selected to the given pumping system.

   Feedback Control of High-Speed PMSM with Synchronous Optimal PWM
By Fabian MINK [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new field oriented control structure is presented which makes it possible to use synchronous optimal PWM (SOPWM) for high-speed PMSM drives. Due to the simplicity of modulator and control, parametrization is straightforward. The algorithms are implemented on an industrial drive controller. Measurement results show the advantages compared to standard PWM schemes using asynchronous space vector modulation (SVPWM).

   High efficient modular drive systems - an ideal approach for green intralogistic applications
By Johann AUSTERMANN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15\%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.

   Improved electric drive analysis methodology for electrical vehicle propulsion
By Sven LUTHARDT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper an improved method for designing electric propulsion systems consisting of e-machineand inverter, based on a co-simulation, is presented. As the mandated emission limits of vehicles areexpected to become stricter, advanced design methods are necessary to calculate accurate losses ofmachine and inverter. The approach contains the influence of inverter effects with acceptablecalculation time by using a weak coupling of the drivetrain components. First simulation results arepresented.

   Modulation and LCR Filter Optimum Design Procedure for Medium Voltage Adjustable Speed Drives
By Mikel MAZUELA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a systematic procedure in order to make an optimal comparison/selection of modulation techniques and output LCR filter components for adjustable speed drives. Useful indicators are identified, which may help the designer to a global solution, optimizing the modulation-filter selection. The procedure is applied into the design of a real 6.6 kV equipment.

   Online Loss-Minimising Control Method of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors
By Adam HEMPEL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a simple online loss minimizing control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors IPMSM in constant torque region. Due to novel simplifications of the model equations this method can easily be implemented even on a simple controller with limited resources adjusting optimal stator current trajectories and ensuring the most efficient machine operation. The striking feature of the presented algorithm is the very limited implementation effort which avoids any offline calculations and characteristic curve evaluations as well as complex iteration procedures. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by corresponding experimental results.

   Optimal PWM for further loss reduction in electrical drives
By Radu LAZAR [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Converter losses can be reduced by use of new components like SiC or GaN, but unfortunately they come with prohibitive prices. Another way of reducing losses is employing PWM clamping techniques. The method proposed in this work is based on PWM clamping following the maximum current for reducing the switching losses of the converter. The simulation and laboratory tests are showing a relative power loss reduction of about 6\% starting from the no-load condition.

EPE 2016 - DS2g: Adjustable Speed Drives
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2016 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2016 - Topic 04: Electrical Machines and Drive Systems > EPE 2016 - DS2g: Adjustable Speed Drives
	[return to parent folder]

	A Hybrid Permanent Magnet and Wound Field Synchronous Machine with Displaced Reluctance Axis Capable of Symmetric Four Quadrant Operation By Patrick WINZER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a novel hybrid permanent magnet and wound field synchronous machine geometrywith a displaced reluctance axis. This concept is known for improving motor operation performance andefficiency at the cost of an inferior generator operation. To overcome this disadvantage, the proposedmachine geometry is capable of inverting the magnetic asymmetry dynamically. Thereby, the positiveeffects of the magnetic asymmetry can be used in any operation point. This paper examines the theoreticalbackground and shows the benefits of this geometry by means of simulation and measurement. Theprototype achieves an increase in torque of 4\% and an increase in efficiency of 2 percentage points overa conventional electrically excited synchronous machine.

	A model-based loss-reduction scheme for transient operation of induction machines By Robin WEISS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The present paper deals with loss minimization for speed controlled squirrel-cage induction machines. In particular, a flatness-based online trajectory planning algorithm for the rotor flux is introduced that ensures loss optimization in transient operating regimes. Therefore, a matched model of the losses being polynomial in the flux is used. For a trajectory of the torque which is a polynomial function of time it is possible to obtain the parameters for a polynomial prototype of the flux trajectory such that a loss-optimal regime can be approximately reached. The generation of the trajectories is shown exemplary for linear speed transitions. A flux-oriented cascaded control scheme with a flatness-based feed-forward ensures tracking of the nominal trajectories. Experiments with different linear speed transitions show significant improvements of the efficiency in comparison to the operation with rated flux and a flux optimized for steady state.

	A Novel Deadbeat Direct Torque and Flux Control of IPMSM with Parameter Identification By Weijie LIN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Because traditional direct torque control (DTC) has unfixed switching frequency and ripple of torque and flux, deadbeat direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is studied. At first, DB-DTFC based on IPMSM mathematical model is deduced. The calculated proper voltage vector can make reference torque and stator flux during one sampling period. But, parameters of IPMSM such as inductance of stator windings vary with its operation and affect on torque and flux performance. Secondly, parameter identification based on recursive least squares with forgetting factor is analyzed, which can identify IPMSM parameters online and eliminate their affects on performance of torque and stator flux. Finally, simulations are carried out and validate the proposed DB-DTFC which has both excellent dynamic and steady performance.

	A Novel Flux-Weakening Control Method for Robust Position Sensorless Control to Magnetic Saturation of IPMSMs By Atsushi MATSUMOTO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper, a novel flux-weakening control method for robust position sensorless control to magnetic saturation of interior permanent synchronous motors has been proposed. The proposed method can achieve the fast torque response and construct the robust control system to magnetic saturation.

	A real-life fuse design for a fault-tolerant motor inverter By Michael GLEISSNER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Various fault-tolerant inverter structures have been proposed, which are mostly reconfigured by faultisolating fuses. The inverter design requirements for safe fuse blowing are investigated. Moreover, the effects of differing fuse characteristics and the influence on semiconductors during fuse interruption are evaluated in theory and with a practical setup.

	A two-step analytic design and optimization of small variable speed PMSMs for home appliances By Javier MARTINEZ	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the design of an inner rotor Permanent Magnet (PM) motor using a two-step approach. The first step consists of retrieving the basic geometric and electric constants using a combination of both an analytic and a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA). This technique allows the most efficient and cheapest motor for a certain type of home appliances application to be found when harmonics are neglected during the optimization design. This assumption implies that iron losses are only relevant in the stator domains. The peculiarity of the optimization of the motor is the fact that the most efficient operating point is located at one tenth of the maximum load of the electric motor. The second step consists of comparing the resulting optimized motor using Finite Element Analysis. This step is crucial to accurately compare the efficiency of the resulting drive with the analytic results. The advantage of using this tool is that we can also include the effect of the different space harmonics in the efficiency computation. These harmonics rotate at a different speed than the rotor and can produce additional losses in the rotor's iron parts. The agreement between the results of the two-step analysis infers that the effect of the space harmonics is not relevant for this drive. The decay of efficiency due to these space harmonics is in the order of 0.05\%.

	Control Performance improvement in Feedback-Type Flux-Weakening Control Method using Value of Voltage Saturation for SynRMs By Kanako HAYAKAWA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs), it is difficult to achieve the wide speed drive because the conventional flux-weakening control is affected greatly by the magnetic saturation. In this paper, a new flux-weakening control method using the value of the voltage saturation for SynRMs has been proposed.

	Effect of electric motor efficiency and sizing on the energy efficiency in pumping systems By Sergio Martinez OROZCO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Energy efficiency in pumping is affected by the motor efficiency. This paper studies the applicability of common electric motor types to an industrial pumping system by comparing the motor efficiency characteristics with each other, and by analysing how the motor efficiency and sizing affect the resulting pumping system energy consumption with a standard load profile. The objective of the paper is to provide guidance on the motor sizing, so the most energy efficient alternative will be selected to the given pumping system.

	Feedback Control of High-Speed PMSM with Synchronous Optimal PWM By Fabian MINK	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new field oriented control structure is presented which makes it possible to use synchronous optimal PWM (SOPWM) for high-speed PMSM drives. Due to the simplicity of modulator and control, parametrization is straightforward. The algorithms are implemented on an industrial drive controller. Measurement results show the advantages compared to standard PWM schemes using asynchronous space vector modulation (SVPWM).

	High efficient modular drive systems - an ideal approach for green intralogistic applications By Johann AUSTERMANN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15\%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.

	Improved electric drive analysis methodology for electrical vehicle propulsion By Sven LUTHARDT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper an improved method for designing electric propulsion systems consisting of e-machineand inverter, based on a co-simulation, is presented. As the mandated emission limits of vehicles areexpected to become stricter, advanced design methods are necessary to calculate accurate losses ofmachine and inverter. The approach contains the influence of inverter effects with acceptablecalculation time by using a weak coupling of the drivetrain components. First simulation results arepresented.

	Modulation and LCR Filter Optimum Design Procedure for Medium Voltage Adjustable Speed Drives By Mikel MAZUELA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a systematic procedure in order to make an optimal comparison/selection of modulation techniques and output LCR filter components for adjustable speed drives. Useful indicators are identified, which may help the designer to a global solution, optimizing the modulation-filter selection. The procedure is applied into the design of a real 6.6 kV equipment.

	Online Loss-Minimising Control Method of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors By Adam HEMPEL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a simple online loss minimizing control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors IPMSM in constant torque region. Due to novel simplifications of the model equations this method can easily be implemented even on a simple controller with limited resources adjusting optimal stator current trajectories and ensuring the most efficient machine operation. The striking feature of the presented algorithm is the very limited implementation effort which avoids any offline calculations and characteristic curve evaluations as well as complex iteration procedures. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by corresponding experimental results.

	Optimal PWM for further loss reduction in electrical drives By Radu LAZAR	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Converter losses can be reduced by use of new components like SiC or GaN, but unfortunately they come with prohibitive prices. Another way of reducing losses is employing PWM clamping techniques. The method proposed in this work is based on PWM clamping following the maximum current for reducing the switching losses of the converter. The simulation and laboratory tests are showing a relative power loss reduction of about 6\% starting from the no-load condition.