| EPE 2015 - DS2f: Adjustable Speed Drives |
| You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2015 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2015 - Topic 04: Electrical Machines and Drive Systems > EPE 2015 - DS2f: Adjustable Speed Drives |
 | [return to parent folder] | |
| |
 | A compact servo drive: five phase, air cooled, with highly integrated inverter for industrial use
By Jan WETTLAUFER | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: A five-phase, permanent-magnet synchronous motor with smart stator teeth 'SST concept' and without star point connection is presented. The whole power electronics is integrated in the motor housing. This servo drive is much more compact and powerful than the state-of-the-art compact servo drives. The drive realizes precise rotor positioning with a low-cost magnetic encoder. Thermal problems of the integrated inverter had been solved by distributing the heat intake of the power semiconductors.
|
| |
| | A Comparison of a Signal-Injection Method and a Discrete-Search Algorithm for MTPA Tracking Control of an IPM Machine
By Thomas WINDISCH | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The efficiency of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines can be increased by a lossminimization approach when implementing field-oriented control. Model-based optimization givesoperating points that yield maximum torque for a given stator current amplitude. The true lossminimum however can differ due to magnetic saturation and temperature variations. Therefore anonline discrete search algorithm using a gradient-free Nelder-Mead simplex method is proposed andcompared to an existing signal-injection method that was previously published. Simulation resultsshow that the discrete search algorithm has a faster convergence time than the signal-injection method.Once the MTPA operating point is found no further current nor torque ripple remain that couldinfluence the performance of the drive or excite mechanical vibrancy. Therefore it is better suited totrack the MTPA trajectory in highly-exploited IPM machines that have a significant saturationcharacteristic as it occurs in automotive applications.
|
| |
| | A Modified Discretization Method for Discrete Full-Order Flux Observer of Induction Motor
By Bo WANG | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: In order to improve the discretization accuracy of discrete full-order flux observer, a modified discretization approach based full-order flux observer is proposed for sensorless induction motor drive. The presented method possesses higher precision without complex decoupling calculations. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
|
| |
| | Active Braking Schemes for Low and High Power Induction Machines using Loss Manipulation Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control
By Yukai WANG | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper proposes active braking schemes for both low and high power induction machines, without using external braking resistors or bi-directional converters as the front end. By dynamically manipulating losses using deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC), kinetic energy can be dissipated rapidly within induction motors while maintaining accurate torque control. Loss spatial distribution can also be manipulated for thermal balancing. When scaled to high power induction machines, in which the rated efficiency becomes much higher, it is more challenging to induce equivalent maximum per unit braking torque compared to a low power counterpart. In addition to dynamically varying stator flux linkage, DB-DTFC-based braking method using flux injection is proposed to increase total losses for medium voltage high power drives.
|
| |
| | Application of Adaptive Neural Controller for Drive with Elastic Shaft and Variable Moment of Inertia
By Krzysztof ZAWIRSKI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: In the paper an application of adaptive neural controller for electrical drive with elastic connection between motor and the driven mechanism with variable moment of inertia is presented. Due to presence of several mechanical resonances (since it is a multi-mass system) at higher frequencies, a suitably tuned speed filter is applied to the feedback loop in order to damp the selected resonance frequencies. This approach allows to improve the control properties. The speed controller is designed as a neural controller, which allows to remain properties of the control process irrespective of the moment of inertia. The collected results of simulation and experiment confirm the proper operation of the control system.
|
| |
| | Automated design of non-overshooting PI controllers for IPMSM drive
By PAKORN CHOTTIYANONT | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper presents an automated design employed genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize non-overshoot PI speed and current controllers of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The drive control system is designed on the basis of vector control scheme incorporated with the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy to improve the drive performance. A method is given for designing controllers to track the step references with zero overshoot response under a constant load torque. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
|
| |
| | Control Of Multi-Mass System By On-Line Trained Neural Network Based On Kalman Filter
By Pajchrowski TOMASZ | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to obtain on-line trained Artificial Neural Network Controller for PMSM multi-mass high dynamic drive. Structure of the controller with training algorithm and idea of Kalman Filter as observer are shortly described. The Resilient Back Propagation algorithm (RPROP) was chosen for ANN training process. There is assumed rotor position can be sufficient to the possibility of torsional vibration damping. The Neural Network Controller has been proposed instead classical form of control loop with speed sensor. The problem of controller synthesis is discussed and solved. The main advantage of proposed system is Kalman Filter algorithm using to obtain all necessary signals for ANN controller. The measurement of motor position is enough for good control strategy. The proposed control scheme guarantee good properties in scope of mechanical parameter changing. The speed response is parameters nearly independent. The estimation scheme and controller was tested on a single drive setup under its mechanical elements changing. There are presented an original combination of Artificial Intelligence method with classical form of mathematical filters. We proved that newest control structures work best with known behaviour of classical observers theory.
|
| |
| | Design Rules for Energy Efficient Servo Drives and Mechanical Systems on the Example of Cross Cutting Machines
By Chris EVERS | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The energy efficiency of servo drives is often assumed to be excellent. However, the energy consumptionof those drives can often be significantly reduced. Among other methods, this paper introduces a newmovement profile with a speed limitation and an energy efficient design of a cross cutting unit. The savingpotential of all methods are shown by experimental results.
|
| |
| | Direct Torque Control with Feedback Linearization for Induction Motor Drives
By Cristian LASCU | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper describes a Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) Induction Machine (IM) drive that employs feedbacklinearization and sliding-mode control. A feedback linearization approach is investigated, which yields adecoupled linear IM model with two state variables: torque and stator flux magnitude. This intuitive linear model is used to implement a DTC type controller that preserves all DTC advantages and eliminates its main drawback, the flux and torque ripple. Robust, fast, and ripple-free control is achieved by using Variable Structure Control (VSC) with proportional control in the vicinity of the sliding surface. The VSC component assures robustness as in DTC, while the proportional component eliminates the torque and flux ripple. The torque time response is similar to DTC and the proposed solution is flexible and highly tunable due to the proportional controller. The controller design and its robust stability analysis are presented. The sliding controller is compared with a linear DTC scheme, and experimental results for a sensorless IM drive validate the proposed solution.
|
| |
| | Energy efficiency of two-level and multilevel inverters - a drive system comparison
By Rudolf MECKE | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Multilevel inverter topologies are an alternative for a wide range of low voltage electrical drives. They can reduce power semiconductor losses, voltage transients at the motor windings, harmonic losses in the cables and common mode disturbance currents. In the voltage range below 1000 V highly optimized switches with lower losses are available. The paper compares the component losses (power semiconductor losses in the frequency inverter, losses of the output filter, harmonic cable and motor losses) and the efficiency of a drive system with two-level and different multilevel NPC inverters. Higher inverter levels reduce the power losses of the inverter and the output filter. For a 22 kW induction motor a losses reduction of 800 W is simulated, if a five-level inverter is used. A five-level inverter requires power semiconductor devices with 300 V blocking voltage. New wide-bandgap semiconductors (SiC, GaN) with low blocking voltage have the potential to reduce the conduction and switching losses in multilevel inverters. This would lead to a reduction of cooling effort and to smaller inverter size. Moreover, the sine filter at the inverter output can be chosen smaller which is accompanied by lower power losses inside the filter. The application of multilevel inverters also in the so called low voltage range can make a contribution to efficiency improvement in electrical drives.
|
| |
| | Estimating Current Derivatives for Sensorless Motor Drive Applications
By David HIND | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The PWM current derivative technique for sensorless control of AC machines requires current derivative measurements under certain PWM vectors. This is often not possible under narrow PWM vectors due to high frequency (HF) oscillations which affect the current and current derivative responses. In previous work, researchers extended the time that PWM vectors were applied to the machine for to a threshold known as the minimum pulse width (tmin), in order to allow the HF oscillations to decay and a derivative measurement to be obtained. This resulted in additional distortion to the motor current New experimental results demonstrate that an artificial neural network (ANN) can be used to estimate derivatives using measurements from a standard current sensor before the HF oscillations have fully decayed. This reduces the minimum pulse width required and can significantly reduce the additional current distortion and torque ripple.
|
| |
| | Extended Probability model for discharge activities in the drive train of converter-fed electric motors
By Hans TISCHMACHER | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The knowledge of the inherent common-mode voltage of voltage source inverters and its impact on the mechanical drive train elements is an important issue. With the help of model-based calculations it is possible to identify critical operating points. In addition to the influence of the converter, different operating conditions such as speed and temperature have a main influence on the resulting discharge activity. An extended probability model for the drive train of converter-fed electric motors, including the gearbox components, is developed in this work. The extended model can be used to predict the EDM activity in the motor and the gearbox as well as the influence of different parameters such as converter modulation.
|
| |
| | Hardware in the Loop Methodologies for the Control of Dual-PMSM Connected in Parallel: FPGA Implementation and experimentation
By SAHRI KHALDOUNE | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The focus of this article is to study the Hardware In the Hoop (HIL) generic methodology for the design of a universal real-time control. FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are used to control a DPMSM (Dual Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine) variable speed drive supplied by a Dual-PWM Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs). The load of the two PMSMs can be either separated or in common and are controlled by individual vector controls associated with a PWM modulator in a first step. In a second step we will realize a comparative study between the responses of the mathematical model and the real system. The implementation of the different control configurations is done using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform containing DSP and Xilinx FPGA. An efficient solution is proposed in which the software part is managed by a Matlab-Simulink layer. This method allows a material library to be built which can be used for other control systems based on a PMSM.
|
| |
| | Modeling and Sensorless Control of a Segmented PMSM
By Chiao-Chien LIN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper presents field-oriented sensorless control with distributed phase control strategy for a segmented PM synchronous motor driven by the multiphase converter to operate as an electronic geared motor. A mathematical model is developed for a three-phase segmented PMSM. Compared with conventional three-phase inverter topology, the proposed converter topology with associated distributed phase control strategy has advantages of reduced conduction loss, improved efficiency under light load condition, and expanded torque-speed operating ranges with a same dc-link voltage. The sensorless multiphase control strategy has been implemented based on a single-chip MCU controller (STM32F0). Experimental results have been given to show the performance and flexibility of the proposed multiphase converter for sensorless segmented PMSM drive with the distributed phase control scheme.
|
| |
| | Monitoring of non-return valve operation with a variable-speed drive
By Tero AHONEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Variable-speed drives are a key solution to energy efficiently operating fluid handling systems. Besides speed variation, modern drives are capable to monitor the condition of a fluid handling system. Especially pumps and fans are installed to systems, where the fluid flow is allowed only to a single direction. If the non-return valve fails for some reason in a pumping station, economic and environmental consequences may be severe due to flooding. This paper introduces how a variable-speed drive is able to monitor the operation of this critical system component, and how the proposed monitoring methods are working in the laboratory test environment with a failed non-return valve. This paper also provides an insight on customising the variable-speed drive through its internal programmable logic controller.
|
| |
| | New Earth-Fault Protection of AC-Drives with DC-Choke & DC-link Current Sensing
By Henrik Rosendal ANDERSEN | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: DC-link current sensing enables adjustable speed drives to be designed compactly. Except for the low-impedance earth-fault protection the whole drive is protected by a single current-sensing element as well as drives with three current sensors on the output phases. A new indirect detection method for improving the low-impedance earth-fault protection of adjustable speed drives with a low-side DC-link shunt and a high-side DC-choke is proposed. The method is analyzed theoretically and practically. Test results at 2.2kW and 22kW power levels are presented.
|
| |
| | Real-time MTPA and Field-Weakening Method for IPMSM in the Full Speed Region
By EUN-WOO LEE | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: IPMSM can be operated with its full potential using MTPA and field weakening. Generally, it is not determined which motor is connected to inverter. Therefore, among various methods for MTPA and field weakening, LUT(Look-Up Table) generation test in consideration of inductance change by its saturation is not feasible. In this paper, real-time calculation of current reference is addressed in the full speed region including MTPA and field weakening. Two-dimensional Newton-Raphson method is used to get the solution.
|
| |
| | Sensorless Control of PMSM at Low Speed Range Using Reference Model
By Konrad URBANSKI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: A new control structure is presented for use at the sensorless control of speed for low speed range. That method uses an observer for position estimation. Such structure does not require the calculation of the speed value from the estimated back EMF, thus such drive can work even in a case of non-sinusoidal shape of estimated back EMF. Such structure is especially recommended for speed in a range single revolutions per second (excluding standstill). Proposed structure is similar to the model following control, but the reference model is trying to track the motor operating point.
|
| |
| | Sensorless Control System of Induction Machine Supplied by Voltage Source Inverter with Output Filter
By Marcin MORAWIEC | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The paper focuses on sensorless control of the induction machines supplied by inverter with the output filters. 'The novel' idea of the speed observer which is based on the backstepping approach is shown. The standard structure of the exponential observer is extended by the integrators and additional Z vector. The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed solution.
|
| |
| | Sensorless Observer Based Hysteresis Control of a Transverse Flux Machine at Full Speed Range
By Ralph KENNEL | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The power and torque density of transverse flux machines could be advantageous in many applications. However, until now a widespread use of TFMs is restricted by concernings with manufacturing as well as control and sensorics hardware. The first point is resolved by the construction of the TFM DYNAX, which is suitable for series production. Thus the next step is to simplify control hardware. This is achieved by replacement of the machine's exacting angle measurement system by a sensorless control scheme. However, the magnetic circuit with uneven string inductance and operating points without saliency challenges sensorless control at standstill. This work completes previous observer based approaches with a focus on signal injection by a hysteresis controller for operation at standstill and emf tracking at higher speeds. The calibration efford is minimized by adaptive estimation of chosen parameters. The proposed emf tracking algorithm enables advanced features like temperature compensation for constant torque generation and is also valid for PMSM-variants. Measurement results show an excellent sensorless performance in all operating points. The conclusion from this work is that sensorless control of the TFM DYNAX is possible and the system cost can be reduced for many applications without penalty.
|
| |
| | Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor Power Electronics to Determine Device Ratings
By Howard LOVATT | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a low cost motor option. However it has lower power factor than competing motors and this has led to the incorrect perception that the power electronics are expensive. This paper shows that using the inverse of power factor as a proxy for converter rating and hence cost is incorrect; in particular device utilization and device switching losses are just as relevant. When the complete picture is considered the ratings for the SRM are shown to be only 2/3rds that of the induction motor. Other authors have observed, but not explained, this reduced rating.
|
| |
| | SOGI-based harmonic self-compensated sliding-mode observer for position sensorless IPMSM drives
By Guoqiang ZHANG | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: To suppress the position error harmonic ripples in back electromotive force (EMF) based methods for position sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPSMSM) drives, asecond-order generalized integrator (SOGI) basedharmonic self-compensated sliding-mode observer (SMO) is proposed. The inverter nonlinearities and flux spatial harmonics that induce the position error harmonic ripples are analyzed. The back-EMF information containing harmonics can be obtained through SMO, and then the SOGI based cross-feedback network is adopted to realize back-EMF harmonic detecting and self-compensating, thus eliminating the position error harmonic ripples. Due to the simple structure, the SOGI based harmonic self-compensated SMO can be easily implemented on low-cost microchips with little computational burden. Experiments on a 2.2kW IPMSM sensorless vector control drive have been carried out to verify the proposed scheme.
|
| |
| | Stator-Flux Orientation Vector Control of Hybrid Excited Axial Field Flux-Switching Machine
By Jilong ZHAO | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Hybrid excited axial field flux-switching machine (HEAFFSM) is a novel hybrid excited flux-switching permanent magnet machine, which combines the advantages of the hybrid excited synchronous machine and axial field flux-switching permanent magnet machine. Based on the vector control method, a novel control strategy of stator-flux orientation for the HEAFFSM, which can operate in both flux-enhancing and flux-weakening modes, is proposed. The operating performance of the HEAFFSM is investigated in the entire operation region according to the proposed strategy. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and convenient to control, and extends the constant power operating range. Moreover, the characteristics of the HEAFFSM, including the load capability and flux-regulation capability, are validated.
|
| |
| | Three alternative methods to determine voltage source converter losses
By Lassi AARNIOVUORI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The new European energy efficiency standard EN 50598-2 is in action. The standard introduces three different methods to determine the voltage source converter (VSC) losses. These methods are input-output, calorimetric, and calculation. In this paper, all these three methods are used to determine a commercial frequency converter losses and the pros and cons of all methods are highlighted and discussed.
|
| |
| | Torque Pulsation Reduction in Five Phase Induction Machine Drive
By Miroslav CHOMAT | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: The paper focuses on the voltage supply of a five-phase induction machine from an electronic converter. Simulation results based on a detailed mathematical model are presented as well as experimental ones for various voltage supply conditions. A voltage supply method that significantly reduces the unfavorable effects of the third space harmonic in five-phase machines is described.
|
| |
| | Torsional Vibration in Large Adjustable Speed Drive Systems: Origin and Mitigation Methods
By Martin BRUHA | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: Drive systems incorporating variable speed drives (VSD) may experience torsional vibration. The rootcause is often explained as torque pulsations produced by the drive. In fact, the vibration phenomenoncan typically appear from two reasons: Excitation of torsional resonance by torque ripple, and closedloop electro-mechanical interaction between VSD and driven load.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on the origin of such vibrations and to proposecontrol modifications to increase the damping and mitigate torsional vibration issues. Time-domainsimulations and frequency-domain analysis are used to parameterize the converter control properly.For load-commutated inverters (LCI) a robust active damping function is presented. Passive dampingin the speed control loop suitable for any type of variable speed drive is described as well.
|
| |
| | Voltage Behind Reactance Modelling of Multiphase Electronically Commutated DC Machines
By Ushe MUPAMBIREYI | [View]
[Download]
|
|
Abstract: This paper focuses on the modelling of a new multi-phase electrical machine and power electronic converter topology where the machine and power electronics are integrated into a single unit. This machine topology will be referred to as Active Stator Machine. A generic Voltage Behind Reactance model formulation suitable for multiphase machines is presented. Simulation results of the implemented multi-phase machine model are given and compared with test results from a prototype machine.
|
| |