| EPE 2014 - DS1a: Advanced Power Converter Topologies |
| You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2014 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2014 - Topic 02: Power Converter Topologies and Design > EPE 2014 - DS1a: Advanced Power Converter Topologies |
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 | A general model for 6 switch voltage source inverter
By Florian VERBELEN, Stijn DERAMMELAERE, Kurt STOCKMAN, Debruyne COLIN | [View]
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Abstract: In literature three phase voltage source inverter models are based on one specific application consideringonly a limited number of switching state combinations and assuming certain load properties. This papersuggests a model considering all practical switching state combinations. Time dependent load behavioris also included in the model.
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| | A Modified Z-Source DC-DC Converter
By Liqiang YANG, Dongyuan QIU, Bo ZHANG, Guidong ZHANG, Wenxun XIAO | [View]
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Abstract: A modified Z-source dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper. Compared with the conventional Zsourcedc-dc converter, the proposed converter can obtain higher voltage gain with lower voltagestresses of switch and the impedance network capacitor and operate with wide-range load. Therefore,the proposed Z-source dc-dc converter not only has lower cost but also has smaller weight and size.The operating principle is analyzed in detail and parameter design of the impedance network isintroduced. An experimental prototype was built to verify the validity of the proposed Z-source dc-dcconverter.
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| | A New Modular Multilevel AC/DC Converter Topology Applied to a Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converter
By Lennart BARUSCHKA, Dennis KARWATZKI, Malte VON HOFEN, Axel MERTENS | [View]
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Abstract: With the rising demand for energy harvesting from regenerative power sources, increasing power and voltage ratings are required of power electronic converter systems. For high-power conversion systems, modular multilevel converters proved to be superior to conventional topologies. This paper introduces a reduced variant of the well-known modular multilevel converter (M2LC) topology suitable for AC/DC conversion. It is compared to the original M2LC topology and examined for its usability in a DC/DC converter application. Results from a detailed simulation model prove the topology's expected functionality.
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| | A New Simplified Approach for Capacitor Voltage Balancing of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converters using Space Vector Modulation
By Mehdi NARIMANI, Venkata YARAMASU, Bin WU, Navid ZARGARI | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a new, simple and generalized approach to calculate flying capacitor currents foran n-level flying capacitor converter without the use of look-up tables. The performance of theproposed method has been studied for a three-, four- and five-level flying capacitor converter inMATLAB/Simulink environment.
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| | A Novel Dynamic Model for Multiterminal HVDC Systems based on Self-Commutated Full- and Half-Bridge Multilevel Voltage Sourced Converters
By Georg DEIML, Christoph HAHN, Matthias LUTHER, Wilhelm WINTER | [View]
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Abstract: This paper discusses a novel model for stability studies of a Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current system (MT HVDC) as part of an overlay grid in a hybrid AC system. The dynamic model is set up for Multilevel Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) technology. The new model provides the opportunity to analyse the impact of full- and half-bridge modules during AC and DC faults. In the present paper a radial DC system with four converter stations was built up and simulated in PSS®NETOMAC. In principle the model can be expanded to a multiterminal HVDC system with a higher number of converter stations. Generally the structure of the DC grid does not subject to any restrictions. For steady state control of a MT HVDC system the Voltage Margin Method (VMM) was implemented. The main focus of the presented model is placed on dynamic stability studies in case of DC faults and their effects on the AC grid. But due to the possibility of VSC converters to provide general system services, e.g. to supply reactive power, the effects and advantages of VSC converters during AC faults can also be analysed. In principle Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) technology offers the possibility of clearing DC faults on the DC side. Depending on the type of modules (full- or half-bridge modules) used in a Multilevel VSC converter the fault clearing strategy and therefore the effects to the AC grid differ enormously. It is essential for the transient stability of a highly stressed AC grid to ensure a very low fault clearance time to keep the system stable. The proposed control design was designed as a two partition macro in PSS®NETOMAC and can be used for planning a Multiterminal DC system in any AC grid. It was applied to a small test grid in order to prove its performance. For more realistic results the model was implemented and applied in a dynamic model of the Continental Europe high voltage power transmission grid.
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| | A Novel Five-Level Three-Phase PWM Inverter for Medium-Voltage (MV) Applications
By Mehdi NARIMANI, Bin WU, GEORGE CHENG, Navid ZARGARI | [View]
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Abstract: This paper proposes a new five-level voltage source converter (VSC) for medium-voltage high-powerapplications. The features and operation of the proposed converter is studied. The Space VectorModulation (SVM) technique is developed to regulate voltages of flying capacitors. The performanceof the proposed converter is evaluated by simulation and experimental results.
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| | A Novel H6 Topology and Its Modulation Strategy for Transformerless Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters
By Dongling DU, Ruixiang HAO, Hong LI, Trillion Q. ZHENG, Qionglin ZHENG | [View]
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Abstract: With the rapid development of advanced power electronics technology and photovoltaic power systems, transformerless photovoltaic (TPV) inverters have been widely used due to the advantages in weight, size, efficiency and so on. However, there exists common-mode leakage current in TPV inverters, which should be satisfied the DIN VDE0126-1-1 standard. A novel H6 topology (H6-N) with dedicated modulation strategy for the TPV inverter is proposed to make the TPV inverter generate smaller common-mode leakage current comparing with the existed TPV inverter topologies and achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) of output current. The common-mode voltage (CMV), common-mode leakage current and power losses of the single-phase TPV inverters with H6-N, H5 and HERIC topologies are compared respectively via simulation analysis. Finally, a universal prototype of TPV inverter using H6-N topology is built and tested to validate the effectiveness of the presented topology.
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| | A Universal, Scalable Converter System for Emulation of Electric Machines
By Christian ROLFF, Florian KAPAUN, Rainer MARQUARDT | [View]
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Abstract: Emulation of electric machines during development or power train testing is getting increasedimportance. While, in the beginning, the focus was mainly to act as an artificial load for convertertests, future requirements include realistic testing of dynamic response, harmonics and harsh failurescenarios. According to these needs, a universal, scalable converter system is described.
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| | Active Rectifier with extended Operating Range
By Sidney GIERSCHNER, Jan FUHRMANN, Hans-Günter ECKEL, Marc HILLER | [View]
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Abstract: To overcome the drawbacks of diode rectifiers in applications without regenerative functionality activerectifiers can be used. Three level rectifiers are already known, but operating range is limited. A new fourlevel rectifier topology that has an extended operating range and avoids all drawbacks of diode rectifiersis presented.
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| | BIDIRECTIONAL INTERLEAVED DC-DC CONVERTER FOR SUPERCAPACITORS BASED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR MICROGRIDS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
By Rodnei MELO, Fernando ANTUNES | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a survey on supercapacitors and their application as power supply in microgrids (MGs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The importance of efficient dc-dc converters in this case is also discussed. One of the main topologies adequate for this purpose is discussed in detail i.e. the bidirectional interleaved boost converter. Finally, the design of a 2-kW prototype is presented so that a 165-F/48-V supercapacitor module can be connected to a 96-V dc link. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to validate the theoretical assumptions.
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| | Class D audio amplifier with 4th order output filter and self-oscillating full-state hysteresis based feedback driving capacitive transducers
By Dennis NIELSEN, Arnold KNOTT, Michael ANDERSEN | [View]
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Abstract: A practical solution is presented for the design of a non-isolated high voltage DC/AC power converter.The converter is intended to be used as a class D audio amplifier for a Dielectric Electro Active Polymer(DEAP) transducer. A simple and effective hysteretic control scheme for the converter (buck with fourthorderoutput filter) is developed and analyzed. The proposed design is verified experimentally by a 125VAR prototype amplifier, capable of delivering a peak output voltage of 240 V within the frequencyrange of 100 Hz 3.5 kHz. A peak efficiency of 87 \% is reported.
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| | Control of an alternate arm converter connected to a star transformer
By FRANCISCO JOSE MORENO, Michael MERLIN, Kevin DYKE, Timothy GREEN, DAVID TRAINER | [View]
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Abstract: This paper details a novel energy management technique that is applied to the Alternate Arm Converter (AAC), to ensure converter stability. The control strategy is modeled in Matlab/Simulink and tested on a HVDC active and reactive power operating envelope. To realize the commercial benefits of the AAC, stability in all normal operating conditions is verified. Simulations run over the PQ envelope are shown and the commercial benefits of the new energy management technique assessed.
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| | Differential Mode EMI Filter Design for an Isolated DC-DC Boost Converter
By Ishtiyaq Ahmed MAKDA, Morten NYMAND | [View]
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Abstract: A Differential Mode EMI filter for a low input voltage high-current isolated dc-dc boost converter is designed and presented in this paper. The primary side Differential Mode noise voltage is low due to the high transformer turn ratio, however, the input current is very high and since the EMI limit also does not change for such converters, it requires greatly optimized design approach for the filter including the correct sizing of the filter components. A complete analytical filter design process is carried out such a way that the Differential Mode noise voltage source in the converter is identified first. The DM noise model is then established and based on the harmonic analysis of the noise source voltage waveform, the complete Differential Mode EMI filter, including the filter resonance damping branch, is designed for a 3kW isolated dc-dc boost converter. The noise model and its theoretical analysis is verified by means of experimental results.
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| | Enhanced Control Strategy for MMC-based STATCOM for Unbalanced Load Compensation
By MANUEL NIEVES, REMUS TEODORESCU, JOSE MARIA MAZA-ORTEGA, ANTONIO GOMEZ-EXPOSITO, PEDRO RODRIGUEZ, MASSIMO BONGIORNO | [View]
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Abstract: Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) technology is today one of the preferred technology in HVDC and large STATCOM applications due to modularity, fault tolerance and high efficiency, but the voltage balancing becomes very challenging, especially during negative sequence current injection as required for load unbalance compensation. This paper proposes an improved balancing strategy for the delta configuration to overcome this situation based on the injection of a third harmonic zero sequence current. Simulation results have proved the effectiveness of the proposal even where different switching losses and capacitor tolerance are taken in consideration.
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| | Improved Hexverter Topology with Magnetically Coupled Branch Inductors
By Dennis KARWATZKI, Lennart BARUSCHKA, Jakub KUCKA, Malte VON HOFEN, Axel MERTENS | [View]
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Abstract: The recently proposed modular multilevel converter 'Hexverter' offers many advantages in high-voltage and high-power applications. This paper presents an improved Hexverter topology by introducing magnetically coupled branch inductors. These lead to a simplified system behaviour and a reduced amount of material for the branch inductors.
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| | LCL Topology Variability in the VSI-LCL Induction Heating System
By Maciej DZIENIAKOWSKI | [View]
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Abstract: The voltage fed inverter with LCL resonant load has been considered. The paper presents the loadtopology changes phenomenon, which leads in VSI-LCL converter properties alteration. Thephenomenon has been investigated and the causes of variability are described. The chosen parametersof LCL variable topology circuit are analytically defined. The range values of new parameters aredetermined and illustrated. The new variable frequency converter concept, based on topologyvariability phenomenon is presented and discussed. The numerical calculations results and thelaboratory tests are shown.
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| | Modelling and analysis of three-phase hybrid transformer with buck-boost matrix-reactance chopper and active load
By Zbigniew FEDYCZAK, Jacek KANIEWSKI, Pawel SZCZESNIAK, Marius KLYTTA | [View]
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Abstract: This paper deals with a three-phase power system with hybrid transformer (HT). The HT contains a conventional transformer with electromagnetic coupling and PWM AC line chopper integrated with the secondary windings through an electric coupling. The HT uses a three-phase Yy connected transformer with additional secondary windings and three-phase PWM AC line chopper with buck-boost topology. The paper gives a description of the three-phase power system with hybrid transformer (HT) and unsynchronized active load, as well as the mathematical and circuit models of the AC source with HT. The analysis of basic steady state properties of these models are verified by means of the simulation and experimental test results obtained for the power system with HT of about 6 kVA.
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| | Modular Multilevel Converter Modeling and Controllers Design
By Abel FERREIRA, Oriol GOMIS- BELLMUNT, Miquel TEIXIDÓ | [View]
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Abstract: This paper describes the operation and control of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). The converter current controllers were designed with different bandwidth ranges. Different operating conditions for the controllers led to different responses and its impact was evaluated. Simulation results of a 5MW grid connected to the MMC illustrate the good dynamic and steady state responses.
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| | Modular Multilevel Structure of a High Power Dual Active Bridge DC Transformer with Stepped Two-Level Output
By I. Azmy GOWAID, Grain ADAM, ahmed MASSOUD, Shehab AHMED, Derrick HOLLIDAY, Barry WILLIAMS | [View]
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Abstract: This paper addresses the issues of dc voltage matching and dc fault protection in potential super-grids. An approach for high power dc-dc conversion is proposed and analyzed. A front-to-front connection of modular-multilevel converters (MMC) forms a dual active bridge (DAB)-like structure. Near two-level operation is achieved by sequential switching of half-bridge chopper cells. This alleviates dv/dt stress exercised by two-level DAB configurations on the ac stage. The operating mode, switching patters necessary are distinct from conventional MMC. Furthermore, common-mode currents, cell capacitance size, arm inductances are significantly reduced. The considered structure is shown to be useful for high power applications due to the low switching frequency, modularity, reliability and dc fault isolation capability. Various operation aspects are illustrated using simulations. A reduced-scale test rig provides an experimental proof of the concept.
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| | Novel Multiphase Hybrid Boost Converter with Wide Conversion Ratio
By Folker RENKEN, Ioana-Monica POP-CALIMANU, Udo SCHÃœRMANN | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents a novel interleaved multiphase hybrid boost DC/DC converter. This converter type provides high efficiency and can be used for applications with wide voltage conversion ratio. At the beginning, the circuit function and the design of a single-phase converter is described. With a multiphase design, the filter circuit effort can be significantly reduced. In these circuits the different phases of the converter are controlled with a time offset. The design for a multiphase converter is described in detail. The mathematical analyses of the circuits are proven by several practical measurements of a realized two-phase converter. Additional the efficiency measurements of the hybrid boost converter are presented.
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| | Optimized buck-mode modulation strategy and control of a LLC-type resonant converter in a solar application
By Patrick DECK, Christoph REUBER, Alexander SCHMIDT, Christian Peter DICK | [View]
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Abstract: This paper presents an improved modulation strategy for an LLC - type resonant converter in a solar application. Neither frequency- nor phase-shift-modulation alone is used, but a new hybrid modulation technique depending on a resonant current zero-crossing. Control can be implemented using only one parameter ton while supporting soft-switching.Furthermore, this paper introduces an optimized design strategy for the resonant tank of LLC - type resonant converters. The strategy based on the simulation of a converter that automatically changes the parameters of this converter. The results are presented visually in the form of pseudo-color images. To simulate, PLECS Blockset in conjunction with MATLAB Simulink is used.
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| | Single switch quasi-resonant inverter on Silicon Carbide with regenerative snubber for induction heating appliances
By Carlos BERNAL, Javier AVELLANED, Javier MILLA | [View]
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Abstract: One of the main problems of power inverters designed for induction heating home appliances is the broad variance of possible loads. One-switch resonant inverters for induction heating are designed to increased power as frequency decreases; duty cycle is later computed to achieve Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition. To further reduce the output power, over minimum at obtained at Zero Voltage and Derivate Switching (ZVDS), and allow independent control of power with frequency, sophisticated control techniques need to be applied, but depending on load, non-ZVS switching conditions may occur therefore degrading the performance and efficiency. This paper proposes a regenerative inductive snubber capable of reduce transistor losses in non-ZVS conditions. In this proposal, the snubber is actually a minor part of the induction coil. Therefore, the power delivered to the snubber is part of the output. Experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical equations
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| | Study of DC-DC output serial connection ranges for photovoltaic distributed systems
By YOUSSEF EL BASRI, Margot GAETANI-LISEO, Carlos CARREJO, Adrien RAMOND, Michael BRESSAN, CORINNE ALONSO | [View]
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Abstract: We present a study of work limits for two dc-dc converters associated in series. This type of structure is usually used to maximize the electrical energy production of a photovoltaic system when it is subjected to shading. We expose our study to research these limitations in the case of expensive shading.
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| | The Use of Trapezoid Waveforms for HVDC
By Colin OATES, Kevin DYKE, David TRAINER | [View]
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Abstract: The Controlled Transition Bridge (CTB) is a converter topology that combines series connected semiconductor director switches with chains of switched capacitor modules, chainlink circuits, in such a way that the director switches carry the main current for a significant portion of the period and the chainlink elements provide a controlled traverse of voltage between different director switches conducting. The simplest example of this is where the director switches form a six pulse bridge and the chainlink elements traverse at a constant rate between the upper director switch conducting and the lower director switch conduction etc., so that the output AC waveform is a trapezoid. The use of a trapezoid waveform reduces the level of super harmonics significantly and with a star delta transformer to remove the triple N harmonics, the total harmonic distortion is reduced, but not sufficiently for use in HVDC application. The use of filtering is undesirable because of the VARs they introduce and while active filtering can be used there are control difficulties that need to be overcome, so a two slope trapezoid waveform is proposed in which the slope characteristics are chosen specifically to minimise a wide range of harmonics for a given fundamental magnitude. For this a cost function is derived that includes the functions of the harmonics being considered and a search is carried out using standard algorithms such as Newton-Raphson, to minimise its value within a given region. Modelling is used to demonstrate that the resulting primary THD would meet the requirements for VSC HVDC operation.
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| | Voltage Balancing Control of AC-capacitor clamped Multi-level matrix converter Based on Optimal Switching status selection
By LIN QIU, XU LIE, YONGDONG LI | [View]
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Abstract: The matrix converter is an array of controlled bidirectional semi-conductor switches that allows direct acac conversion without an intermediate dc link. To extend its future application, multilevel matrix converter can be a proposed solution due to its merits in multilevel output, high voltage application, high power conversion, improved harmonics issue and less voltage step, etc. This paper presents an improved voltage balancing control using utility function on a capacitor-clamped multilevel matrix converter; the improved modulation strategy based on amplitude coefficient is employed to improve the performance in terms of modulation precision. Simulations and experimental results from a small-scale experimental prototype are presented to validate the theoretical findings.
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| | Voltage balancing controller for automotive lithium ion batteries using bidirectional zero-voltage-transition multi-port converter
By Michael MÜRKEN, Markus SIMON, Christian AUGUSTIN, Johannes PFORR | [View]
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Abstract: Bidirectional multi-port converters are particularly suitable for voltage balancing controllers of automotive lithium ion batteries. The converter topology proposed in this paper achieves a small number of components, high efficiency and low EMI due to the zero voltage switching. In comparison to other applications with multi-port converters the voltage balancing controller application requires a multi-port converter with a large number of input-output ports. A general analysis of the energy transfer of the proposed multi-port converter has been developed and a decoupling control strategy has been developed. A prototype converter has been built and tested to verify the concept. Measurements are in good correlation with theoretical predictions.
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