EPE Association: EPE 2014 - DS2e: Measurement and Control

EPE 2014 - DS2e: Measurement and Control
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2014 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2014 - Topic 03: Measurement and Control > EPE 2014 - DS2e: Measurement and Control

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   A Fast Simulation Model for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) Drive System
By Peter OHIERO, Calum COSSAR, Joseph MELONE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel average voltage estimation model of a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) drive systems which when included in a complete electromechanical system model results in significantly reduced simulation times. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control techniques are implemented with the proposed model enabling effective control of generator current, power, electromagnetic torque and DC link voltage control. A detailed back to back VSI switching model for a fractional horsepower PMSG is used as a benchmark against which the results of the average voltage model are compared. Both models have been implemented in the PORTUNUS simulation package and verified against an experimental back to back converter module connected to a variable speed PMSG. The results show good agreement between both simulation models and experimental data with the average voltage estimation model accurately reproducing generator currents over the linear and over-modulation regions, with the advantage of reducing simulation times by up to a factor of 10 compared to the switching model. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed average voltage estimation model over a wide range of speed and can be used to study and analyze the performances of variable speed PMSG energy conversion system.

   A Hybrid ACO and Nelder-Mead constrained Algorithm for Controller and Anti-Windup Tuning
By Maude-Josée BLONDIN, Pierre SICARD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Nonlinear controller tuning with anti-windup is not trivial since the parameters within the structure are interdependent. A global optimization-based tuning approach can handle this interdependence. A hybrid Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithm for controller and anti-windup tuning efficiently solves this problem. This paper proposes a new way to constrain ACO-NM algorithm to ensure positivity of key parameters in order to avoid searches in instability or low robustness regions and to improve computation time to reach an optimal solution.

   A numerical model for evaluation power outages impact on water infrastructure services sustainability
By Anatolijs ZABASTA, Emiliano CASALICCIO, Nadezhda KUNICINA, Leonids RIBICKIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Critical infrastructures (CI) (electricity, heat, water, information and communication technology networks) security, stability and reliability are closely related to the interaction phenomenon. Due to the increasing amount of data transferred, increases dependence on telecommunications and internet services, the data integrity and security is becoming a very important aspect for the utility services providers and energy suppliers. In such circumstances, the need is increasing for methods and tools that enable infrastructure managers to evaluate and predict their critical infrastructure operations as the failures, emergency or service degradation occur in other related infrastructures. Using a simulation model, is experimentally tested a method that allows to explore the water supply network nodes the average down time dependence on the battery life time and the battery replacement time cross- correlations, within the parameters set, when outages in power infrastructure arise and taking into account also the impact of telecommunication nodes. The model studies the real case of Latvian city Ventspils. The proposed approach for the analysis of critical infrastructures interdependencies will be useful for practical adoption of methods, models and metrics for CI operators and stakeholders.

   Consensus Control for Induction Motors Speed Regulation
By Harold CHAMORRO, Nazari MOHAMMAD [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Abstract--- Cyber Physical Energy Systems (CPES) development requires the combination of distributed intelligence to fulfill the future complex tasks and reach the increase the energy demands. Electrical Industrial Systems (EIS) are in continuous evolving integrating new technologies allowing to a better performance and increase the efficiency. This paper applies the consensus protocol for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to control the speed of multiple induction motors. In this paper, the behaviour of the system under different disturbances and scenarios has been simulated, thus, confirming the suitability and simplicity of this method for coordinating the control actions.

   HF near-field probe for magnitude measurements of EDM bearing currents
By VILLE NISKANEN, ANTTI PINOMAA, AHOLA JERO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Different kinds of bearing currents occur in modern electric motors fed by variable-speed drives. Meanwhile, knowledge of the bearing impedance behavior and its effects on various types of bearing currents is accumulating, which leads to a conclusion that an approximation-based approach to determine the aging impact of bearing currents is challenging. A further issue is the stepwise aging mechanism that also necessitates continuous online monitoring. In this paper, a novel magnetic-near-field probe to measure the magnitude of bearing currents is designed and tested. It is found that the nonintrusive probe is a key element in order to design a feasible, nonintrusive, low-cost online monitoring system for bearing current magnitude measurements.

   High-efficiency Current Control of Five-Phase VIENNA Rectifier - PMSG SET For Marine Current Turbine Applications
By Abdoulaye DIENG, Jean-Claude LE CLAIRE, Mohamed-Fouad BENKHORIS, Mourad AÏT-AHMED [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This papar deals with an optimal control of 5-Phase Vienna rectifier - PMSG set for Marine Current Turbine Applications. In order to optimize the transfert of the power all EMF harmonic are exploited. Then the control strategy needs to impose optimal current waveforms under normal operation and under fault operation. These current references are not constants in the abcde frame. Then a robust and accurate current controller is used.

   Impact of the switching frequency on the DC-side admittance in three-phase converter systems
By Jussi KOPPINEN, Marko HINKKANEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Three-phase converter systems can be prone to negative impedance instability of the DC-bus. This paperstudies the dynamic interactions between the DC- and AC-sides of a current-controlled three-phase sys-tem in order to reveal possible risks of instability. The system is modelled by using a small-signal methodfrom a viewpoint of the DC-side. Time delays due to pre-calculation and discretization are considered.The stability analyses are performed for the small-signal model. The results of the stability analyses arecompared with time-domain simulations. Comparisons demonstrate good agreement. In addition, a stabi-lizing controller is developed for the example system. According to simulations, the proposed controllercan stabilize the system.

   Implementation of energy saving AMB control through smart switching bias current
By Alexander SMIRNOV, Alexander PESCH, Olli PYRHÖNEN, Jerzy SAWICKI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The hybrid system approach is used to minimize losses in the AMB system by switching controllers and bias current. The method is validated with experimental results at steady state and rotating system. With high bias orbits of the rotor are reduced while in the absence of disturbance the losses are minimized with low bias. The switching rules based on inner variables of the control system are proposed.

   Mitigating Dead-time Effect in the Estimation Method of Rotor Time Constant of Induction Machines at Standstill
By EUN-WOO LEE, Kwang-Yeon KIM, Jeong-Bin KIM [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the identification method of rotor time constant in the 3-phase induction machines at standstill. The effect of inverter nonlinearity by dead time is alleviated by the proposed algorithm. The study proposes modified voltage model as reference model and uses current model as adaptive model. The algorithm is verified in the simulation and the experiment.

   Modelling and Evaluation of Radial-Axial PCB Capacitive Position Sensor Prototype
By Rafal JASTRZEBSKI, Daria MATUSIAK, Teemu SILLANPÄÄ, Aleksei ROMANENKO, Pekko JAATINEN, Kimmo TOLSA, Tuomo LINDH, Olli PYRHÖNEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This work presents the compact radial-axial 3D PCB capacitive position sensor. The FEM model, numerical analysis and prototype verification are presented. The capacitances of circuit are estimated using 3D model and are verified based on spectral analysis. The open and closed-loop measurements prove feasibility in applications related to rotating machinery.

   Modelling of the Battery Pack Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
By Kirill MURASHKO, Huapeng WU, Juha PYRHÖNEN, Lasse LAURILA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as energy sources in different hybrid systems, however, the operation characteristics of the battery in such systems are strongly dependent on the operation temperature and therefore, with purpose to improve these characteristics a good thermal control system should be utilized. This paper describes the modelling thermal management system for the battery pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which gives opportunity to control the operation temperature of the pack for different load cycles and ambient temperatures. The thermal model of the battery pack is created by using an equivalent electrical circuit with lumped parameters. The thermal control system is created as a combination of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the battery pack thermal control system. The heat transfer between these systems is performed by a plate heat exchanger where the inlet flow is controlled by a three-way valve with an electric actuator. Artificial intelligent algorithms together with estimator are applied in control system, with purpose to obtain suitable control properties.

   Piezoelectric stack actuator parameter extraction with hysteresis compensation
By Tiberiu-Gabriel ZSURZSAN, Charles MANGEOT, Michael ANDERSEN, Zhe ZHANG, Nils Axel ANDERSEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) is a type of rotary motor that transforms the linear motion ofpiezoelectric stack actuators into a precise rotational motion. The very high stiffness of the actuatorsemployed make this type of motor suited for open-loop control, but the inherent hysteresis exhibited bypiezoelectric ceramics causes losses.Therefore, this paper presents a straightforward method to measure piezoelectric stack actuator equiv-alent parameters that includes nonlinearities. By folding the nonlinearities into a newly-defined cou-pling coefficient, the inherent hysteretic behavior of piezoelectric stack actuators can be greatly reducedthrough precompensation. Experimental results show a fitting accuracy of 98.8 \% between the modeland measurements and a peak absolute error reduction by a factor of 10 compared to the manufacturer-provided parameter. This method improves both the static and dynamic performance of the PiezoelectricActuator Drive (PAD) while still permitting open-loop control.

   Recursive Identification of Linear Tooth Belt-drive System
By Niko NEVARANTA, Jukka PARKKINEN, Markku NIEMELÄ, Tuomo LINDH, Juha PYRHÖNEN, Olli PYRHÖNEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Tooth belt drives with directly connected permanent magnet servo motors are mechanically very flexible systems, and the resonances of the system change significantly as function of cart position and load. This paper addresses issues in identification of a linear tooth belt-drive with limited stroke. Particular attention is paid to detecting the changes in the system dynamics. This is achieved by using recursive least squares algorithm and exciting the system in different cart positions in order to identify the varying dynamics. Moreover, the direct identification in open-loop as well as under closed-loop conditions is considered. The identification of linear tooth belt drive is evaluated by simulations as well as through experimental tests.

   Torque ripple minimization for PMSM using voltage matching circuit and neural network based adaptive state feedback control
By Tomasz TARCZEWSKI, Lukasz NIEWIARA, Lech GRZESIAK [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a new neural network based adaptive state feedback controller used to torque ripple minimization for PMSM is presented. A simple adaptation algorithm is proposed to determine an appropriate value of inverter DC voltage and, in consequence, non-linear coefficients of the controller. The novelty of the proposed approach lays in precisely control the level of inverter DC voltage required for proper operation of the motor as well as in neural network based approximation of state feedback controller coefficients. An additional voltage matching circuit with buck converter and state feedback controller is depicted. Simulation studies illustrate significant torque ripple reduction for the proposed approach in comparison to motor fed by 2-level and 3-level inverters.

EPE 2014 - DS2e: Measurement and Control
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2014 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2014 - Topic 03: Measurement and Control > EPE 2014 - DS2e: Measurement and Control
	[return to parent folder]

	A Fast Simulation Model for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) Drive System By Peter OHIERO, Calum COSSAR, Joseph MELONE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents a novel average voltage estimation model of a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) drive systems which when included in a complete electromechanical system model results in significantly reduced simulation times. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control techniques are implemented with the proposed model enabling effective control of generator current, power, electromagnetic torque and DC link voltage control. A detailed back to back VSI switching model for a fractional horsepower PMSG is used as a benchmark against which the results of the average voltage model are compared. Both models have been implemented in the PORTUNUS simulation package and verified against an experimental back to back converter module connected to a variable speed PMSG. The results show good agreement between both simulation models and experimental data with the average voltage estimation model accurately reproducing generator currents over the linear and over-modulation regions, with the advantage of reducing simulation times by up to a factor of 10 compared to the switching model. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed average voltage estimation model over a wide range of speed and can be used to study and analyze the performances of variable speed PMSG energy conversion system.

	A Hybrid ACO and Nelder-Mead constrained Algorithm for Controller and Anti-Windup Tuning By Maude-Josée BLONDIN, Pierre SICARD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Nonlinear controller tuning with anti-windup is not trivial since the parameters within the structure are interdependent. A global optimization-based tuning approach can handle this interdependence. A hybrid Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithm for controller and anti-windup tuning efficiently solves this problem. This paper proposes a new way to constrain ACO-NM algorithm to ensure positivity of key parameters in order to avoid searches in instability or low robustness regions and to improve computation time to reach an optimal solution.

	A numerical model for evaluation power outages impact on water infrastructure services sustainability By Anatolijs ZABASTA, Emiliano CASALICCIO, Nadezhda KUNICINA, Leonids RIBICKIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Critical infrastructures (CI) (electricity, heat, water, information and communication technology networks) security, stability and reliability are closely related to the interaction phenomenon. Due to the increasing amount of data transferred, increases dependence on telecommunications and internet services, the data integrity and security is becoming a very important aspect for the utility services providers and energy suppliers. In such circumstances, the need is increasing for methods and tools that enable infrastructure managers to evaluate and predict their critical infrastructure operations as the failures, emergency or service degradation occur in other related infrastructures. Using a simulation model, is experimentally tested a method that allows to explore the water supply network nodes the average down time dependence on the battery life time and the battery replacement time cross- correlations, within the parameters set, when outages in power infrastructure arise and taking into account also the impact of telecommunication nodes. The model studies the real case of Latvian city Ventspils. The proposed approach for the analysis of critical infrastructures interdependencies will be useful for practical adoption of methods, models and metrics for CI operators and stakeholders.

	Consensus Control for Induction Motors Speed Regulation By Harold CHAMORRO, Nazari MOHAMMAD	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Abstract--- Cyber Physical Energy Systems (CPES) development requires the combination of distributed intelligence to fulfill the future complex tasks and reach the increase the energy demands. Electrical Industrial Systems (EIS) are in continuous evolving integrating new technologies allowing to a better performance and increase the efficiency. This paper applies the consensus protocol for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to control the speed of multiple induction motors. In this paper, the behaviour of the system under different disturbances and scenarios has been simulated, thus, confirming the suitability and simplicity of this method for coordinating the control actions.

	HF near-field probe for magnitude measurements of EDM bearing currents By VILLE NISKANEN, ANTTI PINOMAA, AHOLA JERO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Different kinds of bearing currents occur in modern electric motors fed by variable-speed drives. Meanwhile, knowledge of the bearing impedance behavior and its effects on various types of bearing currents is accumulating, which leads to a conclusion that an approximation-based approach to determine the aging impact of bearing currents is challenging. A further issue is the stepwise aging mechanism that also necessitates continuous online monitoring. In this paper, a novel magnetic-near-field probe to measure the magnitude of bearing currents is designed and tested. It is found that the nonintrusive probe is a key element in order to design a feasible, nonintrusive, low-cost online monitoring system for bearing current magnitude measurements.

	High-efficiency Current Control of Five-Phase VIENNA Rectifier - PMSG SET For Marine Current Turbine Applications By Abdoulaye DIENG, Jean-Claude LE CLAIRE, Mohamed-Fouad BENKHORIS, Mourad AÏT-AHMED	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This papar deals with an optimal control of 5-Phase Vienna rectifier - PMSG set for Marine Current Turbine Applications. In order to optimize the transfert of the power all EMF harmonic are exploited. Then the control strategy needs to impose optimal current waveforms under normal operation and under fault operation. These current references are not constants in the abcde frame. Then a robust and accurate current controller is used.

	Impact of the switching frequency on the DC-side admittance in three-phase converter systems By Jussi KOPPINEN, Marko HINKKANEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Three-phase converter systems can be prone to negative impedance instability of the DC-bus. This paperstudies the dynamic interactions between the DC- and AC-sides of a current-controlled three-phase sys-tem in order to reveal possible risks of instability. The system is modelled by using a small-signal methodfrom a viewpoint of the DC-side. Time delays due to pre-calculation and discretization are considered.The stability analyses are performed for the small-signal model. The results of the stability analyses arecompared with time-domain simulations. Comparisons demonstrate good agreement. In addition, a stabi-lizing controller is developed for the example system. According to simulations, the proposed controllercan stabilize the system.

	Implementation of energy saving AMB control through smart switching bias current By Alexander SMIRNOV, Alexander PESCH, Olli PYRHÖNEN, Jerzy SAWICKI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The hybrid system approach is used to minimize losses in the AMB system by switching controllers and bias current. The method is validated with experimental results at steady state and rotating system. With high bias orbits of the rotor are reduced while in the absence of disturbance the losses are minimized with low bias. The switching rules based on inner variables of the control system are proposed.

	Mitigating Dead-time Effect in the Estimation Method of Rotor Time Constant of Induction Machines at Standstill By EUN-WOO LEE, Kwang-Yeon KIM, Jeong-Bin KIM	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the identification method of rotor time constant in the 3-phase induction machines at standstill. The effect of inverter nonlinearity by dead time is alleviated by the proposed algorithm. The study proposes modified voltage model as reference model and uses current model as adaptive model. The algorithm is verified in the simulation and the experiment.

	Modelling and Evaluation of Radial-Axial PCB Capacitive Position Sensor Prototype By Rafal JASTRZEBSKI, Daria MATUSIAK, Teemu SILLANPÄÄ, Aleksei ROMANENKO, Pekko JAATINEN, Kimmo TOLSA, Tuomo LINDH, Olli PYRHÖNEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This work presents the compact radial-axial 3D PCB capacitive position sensor. The FEM model, numerical analysis and prototype verification are presented. The capacitances of circuit are estimated using 3D model and are verified based on spectral analysis. The open and closed-loop measurements prove feasibility in applications related to rotating machinery.

	Modelling of the Battery Pack Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles By Kirill MURASHKO, Huapeng WU, Juha PYRHÖNEN, Lasse LAURILA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as energy sources in different hybrid systems, however, the operation characteristics of the battery in such systems are strongly dependent on the operation temperature and therefore, with purpose to improve these characteristics a good thermal control system should be utilized. This paper describes the modelling thermal management system for the battery pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which gives opportunity to control the operation temperature of the pack for different load cycles and ambient temperatures. The thermal model of the battery pack is created by using an equivalent electrical circuit with lumped parameters. The thermal control system is created as a combination of the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the battery pack thermal control system. The heat transfer between these systems is performed by a plate heat exchanger where the inlet flow is controlled by a three-way valve with an electric actuator. Artificial intelligent algorithms together with estimator are applied in control system, with purpose to obtain suitable control properties.

	Piezoelectric stack actuator parameter extraction with hysteresis compensation By Tiberiu-Gabriel ZSURZSAN, Charles MANGEOT, Michael ANDERSEN, Zhe ZHANG, Nils Axel ANDERSEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) is a type of rotary motor that transforms the linear motion ofpiezoelectric stack actuators into a precise rotational motion. The very high stiffness of the actuatorsemployed make this type of motor suited for open-loop control, but the inherent hysteresis exhibited bypiezoelectric ceramics causes losses.Therefore, this paper presents a straightforward method to measure piezoelectric stack actuator equiv-alent parameters that includes nonlinearities. By folding the nonlinearities into a newly-defined cou-pling coefficient, the inherent hysteretic behavior of piezoelectric stack actuators can be greatly reducedthrough precompensation. Experimental results show a fitting accuracy of 98.8 \% between the modeland measurements and a peak absolute error reduction by a factor of 10 compared to the manufacturer-provided parameter. This method improves both the static and dynamic performance of the PiezoelectricActuator Drive (PAD) while still permitting open-loop control.

	Recursive Identification of Linear Tooth Belt-drive System By Niko NEVARANTA, Jukka PARKKINEN, Markku NIEMELÄ, Tuomo LINDH, Juha PYRHÖNEN, Olli PYRHÖNEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Tooth belt drives with directly connected permanent magnet servo motors are mechanically very flexible systems, and the resonances of the system change significantly as function of cart position and load. This paper addresses issues in identification of a linear tooth belt-drive with limited stroke. Particular attention is paid to detecting the changes in the system dynamics. This is achieved by using recursive least squares algorithm and exciting the system in different cart positions in order to identify the varying dynamics. Moreover, the direct identification in open-loop as well as under closed-loop conditions is considered. The identification of linear tooth belt drive is evaluated by simulations as well as through experimental tests.

	Torque ripple minimization for PMSM using voltage matching circuit and neural network based adaptive state feedback control By Tomasz TARCZEWSKI, Lukasz NIEWIARA, Lech GRZESIAK	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a new neural network based adaptive state feedback controller used to torque ripple minimization for PMSM is presented. A simple adaptation algorithm is proposed to determine an appropriate value of inverter DC voltage and, in consequence, non-linear coefficients of the controller. The novelty of the proposed approach lays in precisely control the level of inverter DC voltage required for proper operation of the motor as well as in neural network based approximation of state feedback controller coefficients. An additional voltage matching circuit with buck converter and state feedback controller is depicted. Simulation studies illustrate significant torque ripple reduction for the proposed approach in comparison to motor fed by 2-level and 3-level inverters.