EPE Association: EPE 2014 - DS3h: e-Mobility: Propulsion Systems Power Converters

EPE 2014 - DS3h: e-Mobility: Propulsion Systems Power Converters
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2014 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2014 - Topic 08: e-Mobility > EPE 2014 - DS3h: e-Mobility: Propulsion Systems Power Converters

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   A Battery Modular Multilevel Management System (BM3) for electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems
By Florian HELLING, Stefan GÖTZ, Thomas WEYH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The dependency of energy systems on battery storage systems is constantly increasing, but there are still several unsolved problems. Current battery systems are inflexible, only cells with the same electrical parameters can be combined, and cell defects cause a high reduction of the overall battery lifetime or even a system black out. In addition, the maximum usable capacity and the maximum charging current are limited by the weakest cell in the system. Current Battery Management Systems (BMS) can increase the usable battery capacity to some extend and are able to enlarge the maximum usable charging current. With the Battery Modular Multilevel Management System (BM3) presented in this paper, a very flexible, fault tolerant, and cost-efficient battery system can be implemented. With the system it is possible to establish either serial or parallel connections between neighboring cells or to bypass a cell. Thus the cells can be operated according to their needs and their state of charge (SOC). Separate balancing means for balancing the cells SOC, however, become obsolete.

   A Method to Switch off an IPMSM by a Current-Source-Inverter in the Event of a Malfunction in a Battery Electric Vehicle
By Sicong VONMALOTTKI, Daniel SCHARFENSTEIN, Kay HAMEYER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with the transient process of switching off an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) by a Current-Source-Inverter (CSI) in the event of malfunction in a Battery-Electric-Vehicle (BEV). A method containing a voltage observer based control to switch off the IPMSM is developed in order to avoid undesirable side effects caused by high transient currents and voltages during the switching off process. The performance of IPMSM under short circuit operation is analyzed including the transient currents, voltages and the torque development.

   A Novel Type of Ultracapacitor Electric Scooter with EDLC Super Rapid Charging System for Home Use
By Yuya MAEYAMA, Hideki OMORI, Noriyuki KIMURA, Toshimitsu MORIZANE, Mutsuo NAKAOKA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: AC motor-driven electric scooter in addition to mini-EV which are highly eco-efficient, high performance, more convenient, and air-pollution free are to offer a certain powerful solution to global environmental problem. This paper presents a newly-developed super-quick charging power electric motor-driven scooter (Electric Scooter) incorporating EDLC stack useful for a low carbon society. Described is a practical design criteria and method of the EDLC stack-based electric scooter with a ZCS-DC/DC high frequency link converter and a running operation performance in experiment. Furthermore, a pulse power EDLC stack charging equipment is proposed from a practical viewpoint.

   Analysis and Design of High Power Wireless Energy Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles
By Mohamed EL BAGHDADI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the analysis and modeling of a wireless energy transfer system to provide high power to electric vehicles in a contactless way. Energy is transferred inductively over a large air gap from a grid side primary to a vehicle secondary. A simulation study for optimized design of the power transfer system is presented.

   Analysis of Sensorless Traction Control System for Electric Vehicle
By Jan-Henri MONTONEN, Tuomo LINDH [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the functionality of a sensorless traction control system for hydrid electric vehicle. The traction control system was developed using a multibody dynamics simulator, and it is based on a fuzzy logic controller. The system is introduced and the functionality is then verified by using an experimental vehicle. Simulation results from the multibody dynamics simulator and measurements from the electric vehicle are shown.

   Efficiency Optimisation of a Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Electric Vehicles by Means of a Variable DC Input Voltage and Different Power Semiconductors
By Stephan BRUESKE, Friedrich Wilhelm FUCHS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The 3-level NPC is investigated for the application in electric vehicles for inverter operation. Two different optimisation approaches for the NPC will be investigated to increase the efficiency. For the first method, the DC link input voltage is controlled variable, fed by a DC/DC converter. The effect of the varied DC link voltage on the loss distribution and on the efficiency is presented. Secondly, the possibility to use IGBTs and Superjunction MOSFETs in one inverter (asymmetric combination) is studied and its effect on the efficiency is highlighted. A continuous and a discontinuous modulation are investigated for the asymmetric combination to show the influence on the loss distribution. Both optimisation methods show advantages regarding the NPC efficiency. The analysis is done by simulation and laboratory measurement.

   Energy management in EVs using battery and supercapacitors:Algebraic loop issue
By Ali CASTAINGS, Walter LHOMME, Rochdi TRIGUI, Alain BOUSCAYROL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper deals with inversion-based control of EVs with Hybrid Energy Storage System based on battery and supercapacitors. Using inversion rules of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR), a systematic control structure can be deduced. However, it points out the possibility of an algebraic loop issue. Furthermore, it may result in computation problems. This paper aims to exhibit some solutions to avoid this problem in an efficient way

   Linear voltage stabilization system for Stop Start vehicles
By Guido CHIAPPORI, Philippe DELARUE, Philippe LE MOIGNE, Michael CHEMIN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This article presents a new Linear Voltage Stabilization System (LVSS) specially meant for #956;-hybrid vehicles using the 'Stop Start' function. The LVSS stabilize the battery voltage mainly during the start-up of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) limiting the load current using parallels MOSFETs working in linear mode. The mains advantages are its small volume, avoid of EMC perturbations and specially its low price allowing Stop Start vehicles to be more accessible to the market. The concept is validated testing the prototype in a real car.

   Loss minimization algorithm of an IPMSM based on analytical expressions
By LORENZ TAUS BETI, UWE SCHÄFER [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This report presents an algorithm for reference current calculation to minimize losses in electric vehicles with PMSM. The algorithm calculates the current set points explicitly through analytical expressions depending on the requested torque, the speed of the drive and the available DC voltage. The required machine parameters have been gathered from experimental data.

   Safe Driving Algorithm of the Electric Wheelchair with Model Following Control
By Jewook PARK, Won-Sang IM, Dongyoon KIM, Jang-Mok KIM [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The wheelchair motion has propulsion and rotation components and the x-y axis signals of the joystick also can be expressed as the control command of these components. Using this phenomenon, the torque distribution method of two driving wheels and the model following control algorithm based on the propulsion and the rotation model of the electric wheelchair is proposed. The proposed torque distribution method gives smooth and precise driving performance on the land because the torque references of each wheel are continuous and sinusoidal according to the joystick position. Moreover, comfortable control performance can be obtained by adjusting the sensitivity coefficients of the joystick. On the various road conditions, it is possible to move safely because the model following controller gives the compensated torque to each wheel to track the model speed and direction even if one wheel is fixed by an obstacle. The feasibility of the proposed safe driving algorithm is verified through digital simulations.

   Simulation of energy workflow using a VHDL-AMS model for an electric vehicle
By Pascal GUITARD, Christophe ESPANET, Philippe WENDLING, Vincent LECONTE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the ability of the VHDL-AMS language to deal with the modelling of complex mechatronics systems, highlighting its modularity and the possibility of multi-team work and strong collaboration in the design. It is applied to simulate the operation of an electric vehicle. What is looked at is the autonomy between charges and the time to recharge depleted energy storages, in an effort to reduce and optimize power consumption and charge of the vehicle.

   System Design and Converter Control for Supercapacitor and BatteryHybrid Energy System of Compact Electric Vehicles
By XIAOLIANG HUANG [View]
[Download]

Abstract: System Design and Converter Control for Supercapacitor and BatteryHybrid Energy System of Compact Electric Vehicles

   System voltage estimation for a decentralized electromotive drive train system
By Marco SCHILLING, Ulf SCHWALBE, Thomas SZALAI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: At present, there are two typical electromotive drive train system (EDTS) configurations on the market. On the one hand, there are high voltage systems for conventional cars with system voltages in the range of 400 V 800 V. In industrial truck and fork lifter applications, there are low voltage solutions with a system voltage of 80 V. A main question at this topic is: Which system battery voltage is the best solution for EDTSs_ In future, the development-goals of EDTSs are high efficiency, high power density, low costs and system safety [1]. This paper will show the way of estimating the best system voltage regarding the named development goals. The main focus of the paper is on the system efficiency and losses simulation. Therefore a system simulation with a real measured driving cycle input will be developed.

   Transmission Configuration Effect on Total Efficiency of Electric Vehicle Powertrain
By Mohammad GERAMI TEHRANI, Juuso KELKKA, Jussi SOPANEN, Aki MIKKOLA, Kimmo KERKKÄNEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of transmission topology on the combined mechanical and electricalefficiency of an Electric Vehicle (EV) by comparing two types of transmissions. In an EV, due tospace restrictions, a relatively high-speed electric motor is used with a reduction gear to provideadequate torque production. Since the electric motors efficiency varies according to the amount ofapplied torque at different speeds, there is a question of whether a multi-step gearbox capable ofincreasing the electric efficiency by shifting operation points along constant power curves can alsoimprove the powertrain overall efficiency. A mathematical model is developed for calculating thepower losses due to movement of mechanical components. In this study, a geartrain is taken intocloser analysis where a single reduction gear and a five-step gearbox are compared from an efficiencypoint of view.

   Virtual simulation in energy efficient hybrid powertrain design
By Jarkko NOKKA, Lasse LAURILA, Juha PYRHÖNEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A novel real-time virtual simulation environment capable of efficiently emulating heavy machinerywith different hybrid drive trains is introduced. The target is to emulate the real system with suchaccuracy that the system can efficiently be used as a product development tool e.g. for dimensioningdiesel-electric drive train components such as engines, motors, generators, energy storages and powerelectronic components.

EPE 2014 - DS3h: e-Mobility: Propulsion Systems Power Converters
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2014 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2014 - Topic 08: e-Mobility > EPE 2014 - DS3h: e-Mobility: Propulsion Systems Power Converters
	[return to parent folder]

	A Battery Modular Multilevel Management System (BM3) for electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems By Florian HELLING, Stefan GÖTZ, Thomas WEYH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The dependency of energy systems on battery storage systems is constantly increasing, but there are still several unsolved problems. Current battery systems are inflexible, only cells with the same electrical parameters can be combined, and cell defects cause a high reduction of the overall battery lifetime or even a system black out. In addition, the maximum usable capacity and the maximum charging current are limited by the weakest cell in the system. Current Battery Management Systems (BMS) can increase the usable battery capacity to some extend and are able to enlarge the maximum usable charging current. With the Battery Modular Multilevel Management System (BM3) presented in this paper, a very flexible, fault tolerant, and cost-efficient battery system can be implemented. With the system it is possible to establish either serial or parallel connections between neighboring cells or to bypass a cell. Thus the cells can be operated according to their needs and their state of charge (SOC). Separate balancing means for balancing the cells SOC, however, become obsolete.

	A Method to Switch off an IPMSM by a Current-Source-Inverter in the Event of a Malfunction in a Battery Electric Vehicle By Sicong VONMALOTTKI, Daniel SCHARFENSTEIN, Kay HAMEYER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with the transient process of switching off an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) by a Current-Source-Inverter (CSI) in the event of malfunction in a Battery-Electric-Vehicle (BEV). A method containing a voltage observer based control to switch off the IPMSM is developed in order to avoid undesirable side effects caused by high transient currents and voltages during the switching off process. The performance of IPMSM under short circuit operation is analyzed including the transient currents, voltages and the torque development.

	A Novel Type of Ultracapacitor Electric Scooter with EDLC Super Rapid Charging System for Home Use By Yuya MAEYAMA, Hideki OMORI, Noriyuki KIMURA, Toshimitsu MORIZANE, Mutsuo NAKAOKA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: AC motor-driven electric scooter in addition to mini-EV which are highly eco-efficient, high performance, more convenient, and air-pollution free are to offer a certain powerful solution to global environmental problem. This paper presents a newly-developed super-quick charging power electric motor-driven scooter (Electric Scooter) incorporating EDLC stack useful for a low carbon society. Described is a practical design criteria and method of the EDLC stack-based electric scooter with a ZCS-DC/DC high frequency link converter and a running operation performance in experiment. Furthermore, a pulse power EDLC stack charging equipment is proposed from a practical viewpoint.

	Analysis and Design of High Power Wireless Energy Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles By Mohamed EL BAGHDADI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the analysis and modeling of a wireless energy transfer system to provide high power to electric vehicles in a contactless way. Energy is transferred inductively over a large air gap from a grid side primary to a vehicle secondary. A simulation study for optimized design of the power transfer system is presented.

	Analysis of Sensorless Traction Control System for Electric Vehicle By Jan-Henri MONTONEN, Tuomo LINDH	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper analyzes the functionality of a sensorless traction control system for hydrid electric vehicle. The traction control system was developed using a multibody dynamics simulator, and it is based on a fuzzy logic controller. The system is introduced and the functionality is then verified by using an experimental vehicle. Simulation results from the multibody dynamics simulator and measurements from the electric vehicle are shown.

	Efficiency Optimisation of a Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Electric Vehicles by Means of a Variable DC Input Voltage and Different Power Semiconductors By Stephan BRUESKE, Friedrich Wilhelm FUCHS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The 3-level NPC is investigated for the application in electric vehicles for inverter operation. Two different optimisation approaches for the NPC will be investigated to increase the efficiency. For the first method, the DC link input voltage is controlled variable, fed by a DC/DC converter. The effect of the varied DC link voltage on the loss distribution and on the efficiency is presented. Secondly, the possibility to use IGBTs and Superjunction MOSFETs in one inverter (asymmetric combination) is studied and its effect on the efficiency is highlighted. A continuous and a discontinuous modulation are investigated for the asymmetric combination to show the influence on the loss distribution. Both optimisation methods show advantages regarding the NPC efficiency. The analysis is done by simulation and laboratory measurement.

	Energy management in EVs using battery and supercapacitors:Algebraic loop issue By Ali CASTAINGS, Walter LHOMME, Rochdi TRIGUI, Alain BOUSCAYROL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper deals with inversion-based control of EVs with Hybrid Energy Storage System based on battery and supercapacitors. Using inversion rules of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR), a systematic control structure can be deduced. However, it points out the possibility of an algebraic loop issue. Furthermore, it may result in computation problems. This paper aims to exhibit some solutions to avoid this problem in an efficient way

	Linear voltage stabilization system for Stop Start vehicles By Guido CHIAPPORI, Philippe DELARUE, Philippe LE MOIGNE, Michael CHEMIN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This article presents a new Linear Voltage Stabilization System (LVSS) specially meant for #956;-hybrid vehicles using the 'Stop Start' function. The LVSS stabilize the battery voltage mainly during the start-up of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) limiting the load current using parallels MOSFETs working in linear mode. The mains advantages are its small volume, avoid of EMC perturbations and specially its low price allowing Stop Start vehicles to be more accessible to the market. The concept is validated testing the prototype in a real car.

	Loss minimization algorithm of an IPMSM based on analytical expressions By LORENZ TAUS BETI, UWE SCHÄFER	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This report presents an algorithm for reference current calculation to minimize losses in electric vehicles with PMSM. The algorithm calculates the current set points explicitly through analytical expressions depending on the requested torque, the speed of the drive and the available DC voltage. The required machine parameters have been gathered from experimental data.

	Safe Driving Algorithm of the Electric Wheelchair with Model Following Control By Jewook PARK, Won-Sang IM, Dongyoon KIM, Jang-Mok KIM	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The wheelchair motion has propulsion and rotation components and the x-y axis signals of the joystick also can be expressed as the control command of these components. Using this phenomenon, the torque distribution method of two driving wheels and the model following control algorithm based on the propulsion and the rotation model of the electric wheelchair is proposed. The proposed torque distribution method gives smooth and precise driving performance on the land because the torque references of each wheel are continuous and sinusoidal according to the joystick position. Moreover, comfortable control performance can be obtained by adjusting the sensitivity coefficients of the joystick. On the various road conditions, it is possible to move safely because the model following controller gives the compensated torque to each wheel to track the model speed and direction even if one wheel is fixed by an obstacle. The feasibility of the proposed safe driving algorithm is verified through digital simulations.

	Simulation of energy workflow using a VHDL-AMS model for an electric vehicle By Pascal GUITARD, Christophe ESPANET, Philippe WENDLING, Vincent LECONTE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the ability of the VHDL-AMS language to deal with the modelling of complex mechatronics systems, highlighting its modularity and the possibility of multi-team work and strong collaboration in the design. It is applied to simulate the operation of an electric vehicle. What is looked at is the autonomy between charges and the time to recharge depleted energy storages, in an effort to reduce and optimize power consumption and charge of the vehicle.

	System Design and Converter Control for Supercapacitor and BatteryHybrid Energy System of Compact Electric Vehicles By XIAOLIANG HUANG	[View] [Download]
Abstract: System Design and Converter Control for Supercapacitor and BatteryHybrid Energy System of Compact Electric Vehicles

	System voltage estimation for a decentralized electromotive drive train system By Marco SCHILLING, Ulf SCHWALBE, Thomas SZALAI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: At present, there are two typical electromotive drive train system (EDTS) configurations on the market. On the one hand, there are high voltage systems for conventional cars with system voltages in the range of 400 V 800 V. In industrial truck and fork lifter applications, there are low voltage solutions with a system voltage of 80 V. A main question at this topic is: Which system battery voltage is the best solution for EDTSs_ In future, the development-goals of EDTSs are high efficiency, high power density, low costs and system safety [1]. This paper will show the way of estimating the best system voltage regarding the named development goals. The main focus of the paper is on the system efficiency and losses simulation. Therefore a system simulation with a real measured driving cycle input will be developed.

	Transmission Configuration Effect on Total Efficiency of Electric Vehicle Powertrain By Mohammad GERAMI TEHRANI, Juuso KELKKA, Jussi SOPANEN, Aki MIKKOLA, Kimmo KERKKÄNEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of transmission topology on the combined mechanical and electricalefficiency of an Electric Vehicle (EV) by comparing two types of transmissions. In an EV, due tospace restrictions, a relatively high-speed electric motor is used with a reduction gear to provideadequate torque production. Since the electric motors efficiency varies according to the amount ofapplied torque at different speeds, there is a question of whether a multi-step gearbox capable ofincreasing the electric efficiency by shifting operation points along constant power curves can alsoimprove the powertrain overall efficiency. A mathematical model is developed for calculating thepower losses due to movement of mechanical components. In this study, a geartrain is taken intocloser analysis where a single reduction gear and a five-step gearbox are compared from an efficiencypoint of view.

	Virtual simulation in energy efficient hybrid powertrain design By Jarkko NOKKA, Lasse LAURILA, Juha PYRHÖNEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A novel real-time virtual simulation environment capable of efficiently emulating heavy machinerywith different hybrid drive trains is introduced. The target is to emulate the real system with suchaccuracy that the system can efficiently be used as a product development tool e.g. for dimensioningdiesel-electric drive train components such as engines, motors, generators, energy storages and powerelectronic components.