EPE Association: EPE 2013 - DS1c: Converter Control Sets and Modulation Strategies

EPE 2013 - DS1c: Converter Control Sets and Modulation Strategies
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2013 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2013 - Topic 06: Modulation strategies and specific control methods for static converters > EPE 2013 - DS1c: Converter Control Sets and Modulation Strategies

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   3D-SVM Algorithm and Capacitor Voltage Balancing in a 4-leg NPC Converter Operating under Unbalanced and non-linear Loads
By Felix Eduardo ROJAS LOBOS, Ralph KENNEL, Roberto CARDENAS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper analysis and simulation of a 3D-Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for a 4-Leg Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) Inverter, including the capacitor voltage balancing is presented. In order to analyze thecapacitor voltage balancing, different regions are defined in the a-b-g space. The analysis and simulationsresults show that for sinusoidal, symmetric, balance or unbalanced voltages reference and linear loads,the NP voltage oscillate naturally around the middle point of the DC-Link voltage. In addition, theanalysis explains the low frequency oscillation of the NP voltage and the feasibility to balance the NPvoltage under generalized voltage references and unbalanced loads.

   A Direct Deadbeat Control of a PWM Single Phase Voltage Source Inverter
By Sergey SKOVPEN, Albert ISKHAKOV [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A new deadbeat controller configuration for a pulse width modulated single-phase voltage sourceinverter is offered. A control system contains a deadbeat controller that enables one to obtain a finiteduration transient in the neighborhood of an equilibrium state. A deadbeat controller is constructedwithout resort to transform system variables for obtaining the Frobenius form of a system matrix. Aprocedure of synthesis of deadbeat controller parameters is illustrated by the example of a voltageinverter with an active-inductive load.

   Active Voltage Balancing Control with Phase Disposition PWM for 4-level Flying Capacitor Converter
By Dusan JANIK, Tomas KOSAN, Martin ZEMAN, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Jan MOLNAR, Lubos STREIT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This contribution investigates three-phase four-level FLC based indirect frequency converter supplied from a 6kV AC-grid. It describes proposed active voltage balancing control of both output voltagesource inverter and input active rectifier with PD-PWM. The results are verified by experiments made on down-scale prototype of converter of rated power of 35kVA.

   An Overlapping Multi-Hexagon Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters
By Ikenna EFIKA, Li ZHANG, Jon CLARE, Alan WATSON [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents an adapted space vector modulation scheme for modular multilevel converterscascaded to higher levels. Instead of extending a single hexagon to the regions corresponding to thenumber of levels, this scheme uses multiple overlapping hexagons which are phase displaced relativeto each other. The approach simplifies the modulation algorithm and brings flexibility in shaping theoutput voltage waveforms for different applications. The method is analyzed in simulation for modularmultilevel cascaded flying capacitor converters in single star/single delta configurations, and isvalidated using an experimental two-tier cascaded converter. Output performance, including harmonicspectra, and the capacitor voltage balancing, compares well with those of other control schemes suchas conventional multilevel SVM. A key feature is ease of extension to higher cascading levels withoutforfeiting overall performance.

   Comprehensive analysis of voltage balancing techniques for 5L NPC converters
By Mikel MAZUELA, Igor BARAIA, Silverio ALVAREZ, Inigo ATUTXA, Danel MADARIAGA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The reduced capability of the 5L-NPC Inverter to balance the voltages of the four DC-bus capacitorsmakes this converter unattractive for real power applications. This is especially true if the loaddemands active power. The Back-to-Back (B2B) configuration of two 5L-NPC converters and the useof a Space Vector Modulation (SVM) that exploits the voltage balancing capabilities of the redundantswitching vectors, extend the operating conditions range in which a proper voltage balance can beachieved. However, if practical modulation restrictions are considered (limitation of voltage steps,dead times, switching losses, etc.) the voltage balance cannot be achieved for all operation conditions.

   DSP based Random Discontinuous Space Vector PWM for Variable Speed Electrical Drives
By El-Hadj MILIANI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Space Vector Modulation (SVM) approaches that decrease current ripples and switching losses of voltage source inverters for automotive applications and their DSP implementation are presented in this paper. To improve the quality of the energy delivered by the voltage source inverter (VSI), we combine two modulation strategies; Random Space Vector Modulation (RSVM) and Discontinuous Space Vector Modulation (DSVM). Randomisation is achieved by varying the switching frequency randomly from one switching interval to another, discontinuities are introduced by clamping the inverter's leg either to the positive or negative rail with the capacity to auto-adjust to the load characteristics with a Scalable DSVM (SDSVM). This ensure the reduction of switching losses and the effective switching frequency of the inverters. These algorithms are successfully implemented on the TMS320F28335 DSP platform for two levels voltage source inverter feeding a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and experimental results are presented

   Dual Three-Phase System Based on Four Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters with Synchronized Space-Vector Modulation
By Valentin OLESCHUK, Raul GREGOR, Jorge RODAS, Alejandro GIANGRECO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Algorithms of synchronized pulsewidth modulation (PWM), based on special space-vector control scheme (with utilization of minimal number of voltage space vectors), have been applied for synchronous control of four neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters feeding six-phase (dual three-phase) drive on the base of asymmetrical open-end windings induction motor. It allows providing continuous synchronization and symmetry of the phase voltage of system during the whole control range for any ratio of voltage magnitudes of DC-sources, and for any configuration of DC-sources. Also, in this case four inverters of the system can be supplied by reduced number of insulated DC-sources (by one/two/three DC-sources instead of four DC-sources for standard system topology based on four two-level inverters.

   Four-level five-phase open-end winding drive with unequal dc-link voltages
By Milan DARIJEVIC, Martin JONES, Emil LEVI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A four-level five-phase open-end winding drive topology is introduced in the paper. The system comprises a five-phase induction machine with an open-end stator winding, supplied using two two-level voltage source inverters with isolated and unequal dc-link voltages, in the ratio 2:1. The topology offers the advantages of a modular structure with fewer semiconductor components and has a greater potential for fault tolerance, compared to an equivalent single-sided four-level drive. Due to the large number of switching states, development of a suitable modulation method can be challenging. In this paper two carrier-based PWM strategies are developed and the performance is investigated using simulations.

   FPGA-based emulation system dedicated to the test of specific PWM strategies for automotive VSI inverter
By Jawad KHOURY, Nicolas PATIN, Eric MONMASSON, Lahoucine IDKHAJINE, Georges SALLOUM [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a FPGA-base emulation system allowing us to test PWM strategiesdedicated to automotive voltage switching inverters. This study is mainly focused on the behavior ofthe DC bus of this converter, especially the current in electrolytic capacitors. Indeed, the proposedemulator will be used in a health monitoring system of these components that are well known as theleast reliable ones in a PWM Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).

   Generalized Inverses applied to Pulse Width Modulation for static conversion: a first study
By Paul-Etienne VIDAL, Simon CAILHOL, Frederic ROTELLA, Karima BERKOUNE, Ana LLOR, Maurice FADEL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper points out the generic matrix approach to design Pulse Width Modulation strategies of three-phase Voltage Source Inverters. This well-known problem has inﬁnitely many solutions, and many modulation methods already exist. This mathematical approach deserves to be explored by its rigor and must identify known but also new solutions.

   Modulation Selection Procedure Applied to a High-Power Adjustable High-Speed Drive
By Alain SANCHEZ-RUIZ, Gonzalo ABAD, Silverio ALVAREZ, Leon M TOLBERT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a systematic procedure to evaluate, compare and select different modulationtechniques for a medium voltage variable speed drive. Several indicators are proposed to be analyzed,mainly based on thermal analysis, voltage limitations, dc bus evaluation and load current quality. Thesuggested procedure is evaluated on a simulation based analysis in a 6.6 kV adjustable speed drivesystem with a 5-level H-bridge neutral point clamped (HNPC) inverter topology and diode front end(DFE) as rectifier. The use of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) with different number of anglesand space vector modulation (SVM) is assessed depending on the load demands (output frequency,modulation index, etc.).

   Power Management in Four-leg Converter Interfacing RES with the Grid
By Marcin SEDLAK, Sebastian STYNSKI, Marian KAZMIERKOWSKI, Mariusz MALINOWSKI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents operation of the four-leg three-level Flying Capacitor Converter (FCC) interfacing renewable energy source (RES) with the grid. Such converter with proposed control method enables work in association of electrical grid disturbances by switching all legs separately to stand-alone or grid connected mode of operation, what allows for energy transfer between them. Four-leg FCC with described control method may be treat as DC microgrid supplied from three independent AC sources and RES. Therefore, very popular in last few years, hierarchical control can be adapted to make power management of such system. Paper describe proposed control method and hierarchical control for such solution. Experimental results are shown and discussed.

   Solution for SHE-PWM: Non-iterative Computation Algorithm Based on Trigonometric Harmonic Cancellation Rule
By Kimihisa FURUKAWA, Hideki MIYAZAKI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The harmonic elimination problem for the PWM is formulated as a set of transcendental equations, and a conventional solution to this problem needs iterative computation. This paper presents a noniterative algorithm based on a trigonometric harmonic cancellation rule among pulses. The effectiveness of the algorithm was confirmed by simulations and experiments.

   Space Vector PWM Strategy for a Thirteen-Level Hybrid Inverter
By Jazmin RAMIREZ-HERNANDEZ, Ismael ARAUJO-VARGAS, Andrew J. FORSYTH, Kevin CANO-PULIDO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Multilevel Inverters are increasingly being used in high-power and medium voltage applications; there are many modulation techniques available to control their operation. In this paper, the Space Vector PWM Technique (SVPWM) to control a hybrid multilevel inverter is described. The inverter produces thirteen-level, SVPWM, three-phase waveforms using a bidirectional switch, twelve transistors and a delta-star transformer. The simulation and experimental results obtained with a 1 kW prototype are provided to verify the correct operation of the converter.

EPE 2013 - DS1c: Converter Control Sets and Modulation Strategies
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2013 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2013 - Topic 06: Modulation strategies and specific control methods for static converters > EPE 2013 - DS1c: Converter Control Sets and Modulation Strategies
	[return to parent folder]

	3D-SVM Algorithm and Capacitor Voltage Balancing in a 4-leg NPC Converter Operating under Unbalanced and non-linear Loads By Felix Eduardo ROJAS LOBOS, Ralph KENNEL, Roberto CARDENAS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper analysis and simulation of a 3D-Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for a 4-Leg Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) Inverter, including the capacitor voltage balancing is presented. In order to analyze thecapacitor voltage balancing, different regions are defined in the a-b-g space. The analysis and simulationsresults show that for sinusoidal, symmetric, balance or unbalanced voltages reference and linear loads,the NP voltage oscillate naturally around the middle point of the DC-Link voltage. In addition, theanalysis explains the low frequency oscillation of the NP voltage and the feasibility to balance the NPvoltage under generalized voltage references and unbalanced loads.

	A Direct Deadbeat Control of a PWM Single Phase Voltage Source Inverter By Sergey SKOVPEN, Albert ISKHAKOV	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A new deadbeat controller configuration for a pulse width modulated single-phase voltage sourceinverter is offered. A control system contains a deadbeat controller that enables one to obtain a finiteduration transient in the neighborhood of an equilibrium state. A deadbeat controller is constructedwithout resort to transform system variables for obtaining the Frobenius form of a system matrix. Aprocedure of synthesis of deadbeat controller parameters is illustrated by the example of a voltageinverter with an active-inductive load.

	Active Voltage Balancing Control with Phase Disposition PWM for 4-level Flying Capacitor Converter By Dusan JANIK, Tomas KOSAN, Martin ZEMAN, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Jan MOLNAR, Lubos STREIT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This contribution investigates three-phase four-level FLC based indirect frequency converter supplied from a 6kV AC-grid. It describes proposed active voltage balancing control of both output voltagesource inverter and input active rectifier with PD-PWM. The results are verified by experiments made on down-scale prototype of converter of rated power of 35kVA.

	An Overlapping Multi-Hexagon Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters By Ikenna EFIKA, Li ZHANG, Jon CLARE, Alan WATSON	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents an adapted space vector modulation scheme for modular multilevel converterscascaded to higher levels. Instead of extending a single hexagon to the regions corresponding to thenumber of levels, this scheme uses multiple overlapping hexagons which are phase displaced relativeto each other. The approach simplifies the modulation algorithm and brings flexibility in shaping theoutput voltage waveforms for different applications. The method is analyzed in simulation for modularmultilevel cascaded flying capacitor converters in single star/single delta configurations, and isvalidated using an experimental two-tier cascaded converter. Output performance, including harmonicspectra, and the capacitor voltage balancing, compares well with those of other control schemes suchas conventional multilevel SVM. A key feature is ease of extension to higher cascading levels withoutforfeiting overall performance.

	Comprehensive analysis of voltage balancing techniques for 5L NPC converters By Mikel MAZUELA, Igor BARAIA, Silverio ALVAREZ, Inigo ATUTXA, Danel MADARIAGA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The reduced capability of the 5L-NPC Inverter to balance the voltages of the four DC-bus capacitorsmakes this converter unattractive for real power applications. This is especially true if the loaddemands active power. The Back-to-Back (B2B) configuration of two 5L-NPC converters and the useof a Space Vector Modulation (SVM) that exploits the voltage balancing capabilities of the redundantswitching vectors, extend the operating conditions range in which a proper voltage balance can beachieved. However, if practical modulation restrictions are considered (limitation of voltage steps,dead times, switching losses, etc.) the voltage balance cannot be achieved for all operation conditions.

	DSP based Random Discontinuous Space Vector PWM for Variable Speed Electrical Drives By El-Hadj MILIANI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Space Vector Modulation (SVM) approaches that decrease current ripples and switching losses of voltage source inverters for automotive applications and their DSP implementation are presented in this paper. To improve the quality of the energy delivered by the voltage source inverter (VSI), we combine two modulation strategies; Random Space Vector Modulation (RSVM) and Discontinuous Space Vector Modulation (DSVM). Randomisation is achieved by varying the switching frequency randomly from one switching interval to another, discontinuities are introduced by clamping the inverter's leg either to the positive or negative rail with the capacity to auto-adjust to the load characteristics with a Scalable DSVM (SDSVM). This ensure the reduction of switching losses and the effective switching frequency of the inverters. These algorithms are successfully implemented on the TMS320F28335 DSP platform for two levels voltage source inverter feeding a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and experimental results are presented

	Dual Three-Phase System Based on Four Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters with Synchronized Space-Vector Modulation By Valentin OLESCHUK, Raul GREGOR, Jorge RODAS, Alejandro GIANGRECO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Algorithms of synchronized pulsewidth modulation (PWM), based on special space-vector control scheme (with utilization of minimal number of voltage space vectors), have been applied for synchronous control of four neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters feeding six-phase (dual three-phase) drive on the base of asymmetrical open-end windings induction motor. It allows providing continuous synchronization and symmetry of the phase voltage of system during the whole control range for any ratio of voltage magnitudes of DC-sources, and for any configuration of DC-sources. Also, in this case four inverters of the system can be supplied by reduced number of insulated DC-sources (by one/two/three DC-sources instead of four DC-sources for standard system topology based on four two-level inverters.

	Four-level five-phase open-end winding drive with unequal dc-link voltages By Milan DARIJEVIC, Martin JONES, Emil LEVI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A four-level five-phase open-end winding drive topology is introduced in the paper. The system comprises a five-phase induction machine with an open-end stator winding, supplied using two two-level voltage source inverters with isolated and unequal dc-link voltages, in the ratio 2:1. The topology offers the advantages of a modular structure with fewer semiconductor components and has a greater potential for fault tolerance, compared to an equivalent single-sided four-level drive. Due to the large number of switching states, development of a suitable modulation method can be challenging. In this paper two carrier-based PWM strategies are developed and the performance is investigated using simulations.

	FPGA-based emulation system dedicated to the test of specific PWM strategies for automotive VSI inverter By Jawad KHOURY, Nicolas PATIN, Eric MONMASSON, Lahoucine IDKHAJINE, Georges SALLOUM	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a FPGA-base emulation system allowing us to test PWM strategiesdedicated to automotive voltage switching inverters. This study is mainly focused on the behavior ofthe DC bus of this converter, especially the current in electrolytic capacitors. Indeed, the proposedemulator will be used in a health monitoring system of these components that are well known as theleast reliable ones in a PWM Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).

	Generalized Inverses applied to Pulse Width Modulation for static conversion: a first study By Paul-Etienne VIDAL, Simon CAILHOL, Frederic ROTELLA, Karima BERKOUNE, Ana LLOR, Maurice FADEL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper points out the generic matrix approach to design Pulse Width Modulation strategies of three-phase Voltage Source Inverters. This well-known problem has inﬁnitely many solutions, and many modulation methods already exist. This mathematical approach deserves to be explored by its rigor and must identify known but also new solutions.

	Modulation Selection Procedure Applied to a High-Power Adjustable High-Speed Drive By Alain SANCHEZ-RUIZ, Gonzalo ABAD, Silverio ALVAREZ, Leon M TOLBERT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a systematic procedure to evaluate, compare and select different modulationtechniques for a medium voltage variable speed drive. Several indicators are proposed to be analyzed,mainly based on thermal analysis, voltage limitations, dc bus evaluation and load current quality. Thesuggested procedure is evaluated on a simulation based analysis in a 6.6 kV adjustable speed drivesystem with a 5-level H-bridge neutral point clamped (HNPC) inverter topology and diode front end(DFE) as rectifier. The use of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) with different number of anglesand space vector modulation (SVM) is assessed depending on the load demands (output frequency,modulation index, etc.).

	Power Management in Four-leg Converter Interfacing RES with the Grid By Marcin SEDLAK, Sebastian STYNSKI, Marian KAZMIERKOWSKI, Mariusz MALINOWSKI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents operation of the four-leg three-level Flying Capacitor Converter (FCC) interfacing renewable energy source (RES) with the grid. Such converter with proposed control method enables work in association of electrical grid disturbances by switching all legs separately to stand-alone or grid connected mode of operation, what allows for energy transfer between them. Four-leg FCC with described control method may be treat as DC microgrid supplied from three independent AC sources and RES. Therefore, very popular in last few years, hierarchical control can be adapted to make power management of such system. Paper describe proposed control method and hierarchical control for such solution. Experimental results are shown and discussed.

	Solution for SHE-PWM: Non-iterative Computation Algorithm Based on Trigonometric Harmonic Cancellation Rule By Kimihisa FURUKAWA, Hideki MIYAZAKI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The harmonic elimination problem for the PWM is formulated as a set of transcendental equations, and a conventional solution to this problem needs iterative computation. This paper presents a noniterative algorithm based on a trigonometric harmonic cancellation rule among pulses. The effectiveness of the algorithm was confirmed by simulations and experiments.

	Space Vector PWM Strategy for a Thirteen-Level Hybrid Inverter By Jazmin RAMIREZ-HERNANDEZ, Ismael ARAUJO-VARGAS, Andrew J. FORSYTH, Kevin CANO-PULIDO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Multilevel Inverters are increasingly being used in high-power and medium voltage applications; there are many modulation techniques available to control their operation. In this paper, the Space Vector PWM Technique (SVPWM) to control a hybrid multilevel inverter is described. The inverter produces thirteen-level, SVPWM, three-phase waveforms using a bidirectional switch, twelve transistors and a delta-star transformer. The simulation and experimental results obtained with a 1 kW prototype are provided to verify the correct operation of the converter.