EPE Association: EPE 2011 - DS2b: Topic 18: Electrical Systems in Road Vehicles: Modelling, Simulation and Design Methods, Reliability Issues

EPE 2011 - DS2b: Topic 18: Electrical Systems in Road Vehicles: Modelling, Simulation and Design Methods, Reliability Issues
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 18: Electrical systems in Road Vehicles > EPE 2011 - DS2b: Topic 18: Electrical Systems in Road Vehicles: Modelling, Simulation and Design Methods, Reliability Issues

   [return to parent folder]

   An electric vehicle model and a driving cycle for mail delivery use
By Habib AL JED, Andre MIEZE, Jean-Michel VINASSA, Remi SIMON [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Door to door 4 Stops/km (DTD4SK) is a new driving cycle; it is presented and compared with standard ones. It simulates mail delivery missions with the most possible aggressive driving. In this study, the DTD4SK is compared with other standard and real life cycles on the basis of statistical parameters and the amount of the energy consumption of each one. A simulation based on Electric Vehicle (EV) model will also be presented and compared to experimental data collected on an EV executing the new driving cycle.

   Electric, Hybrid Electric and Combustion Engine Driven Cars and their Impact on Environment
By Zdenek CEROVSKY, Pavel MINDL [View]
[Download]

Abstract: For vehicle comparison from point of view of green gas production it is necessary to add to the green gas production of the vehicle itself also the quantity that was necessary to produce the fuel for internal combustion engine ICE or the electric energy for electric vehicle. Only this attitude is objective. This paper reveals simulation results of CO2 emission produced by different types of car drives. Although electric vehicles are assumed like “zero emission vehicles” their CO2 path in dependence on the sources and technology of electric energy production (electric energy mix) is here calculated. In paper [20] Hybrid Electric Cars with Combustion Engine driven cars are compared. This paper compares Electric cars with Combustion Engine driven cars.

   Experimental and simulation methods for evaluation of electrical bicycle motor drives on riding profiles
By Geraldo SINCERO, Jérôme CROS, Mehdi TAGHIZADEH KAKHKI, Carlos MARTINS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The performances of two commercial motors for low-cost electrical scooters are compared taking two different approaches, simulation and experimental testing. The simulation tool for brush and brushless dc motors is presented and will be used to simulate different riding profiles. Afterwards, the test bench that was developed is detailed to compare performance of light traction motors for scooter or bicycle on a same operation cycles. Finally, we present a comprehensive comparison of the dc motor and of the PM brushless dc motor, from the steady state waveforms, within a complete riding profile.

   Hardware-in-the-Loop Capable State-Space-Averaging Models for Power Converters in Discontinuous Conduction Mode considering Parasitic Component Behavior
By Axel KIFFE, Sebastian FORMANN, Thomas SCHULTE, Jürgen MAAS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today’s standard method for testing electronic equipment in theautomotive industry. This always requires a real-time simulation of the plant and since powerelectronic devices are more and more important in automotive applications, real-time capable modelsof power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. Power converters are used in manydifferent applications in vehicles today (hybrid electric or electric powertrain, electric steeringsystems, DC-DC converters, etc.) which yields various power electronic topologies. Thereforeuniversal approaches would be advantageous, which allows the modeling of arbitrary topologieswithout any assumptions about the operating mode.This paper presents a new approach for the real-time simulation of power electronic circuits. It isshown, that the approach yields the same models as the state-space averaging method with correction,but also enables to consider higher harmonics in the discontinuous conduction mode of DC-DCconverters. The approach is also proven by simulation results.

   PSIM Dynamic Simulator for Analysis of SPHEV Operation
By Jaeho CHOI, Deokyoung LIM, Novie Ayub WINDARKO [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper describes a PSIM simulator for the analytical approach of the HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) power train operation. For this research, a series-parallel type HEV (SPHEV) are chosen to apply the Forward-Facing approach simulation method. As the traction power of the series-parallel type HEV can be supplied from both of the ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) and the traction motor, the planetary gear is used for the mechanical connection among ICE, generator, and motor. For the ICE, a gasoline fuel type engine is selected and modeled with DC motor. IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and 3.7V 40Ah Lithium Polymer battery are chosen as a traction motor and ESS (Energy Storage System). DC/DC converter is used for the electrical connection between battery and DC-Link. After all components of the SPHEV power train have been designed and modeled separately, all components of SPHEV are assembled and controlled by the primary controller which is programed according to the desired driving strategy of HEV. Finally, some remarkable PSIM simulation results are discussed.

   Selection of a Semi-Empirical Model for use as a Real Time Model in a Virtual Fuel Cell
By Rachel TAYLOR, Volker PICKERT, Matthew ARMSTRONG, John HOLDEN [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the process of selecting a semi-empirical fuel cell (FC) model for use in a real-time virtual PEM fuel cell system. A selection of FC models are reviewed using a list of key features and considering the final application of the model within a virtual fuel cell system (VFCS). As the model is intended for use within industry the selection process also considers ease of integration to existing industrial practices. From these, three suitable FC models were selected and evaluated analytically in greater detail. The chosen FC was then validated against results gathered from a Ballard Nexa 1.2kW FC.

   Simulation of a commercial electric vehicle: dynamic aspects and performance
By Duarte SOUSA, António ROQUE, José TERRAS, André NEVES [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The introduction of electric propulsion chains in automobiles has been contributing to improve their efficiency and to reduce the local pollutant emissions. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a commercial electric vehicle is simulated and analyzed in order to compare the dynamic behavior and performance of an available electric vehicle (“Fiat Seicento Elettra”) using two simulation models. The vehicle was simulated using two different approaches to the mechanical modeling: one using a detailed approach for the mechanical parameters and forces applied to the vehicle chassis and the other, only based on the typical forces applied to a body representing this type of vehicle. The results obtained allow analyzing the dynamic behavior of the electric power chain, the autonomy, the state of charge of the batteries and the power balance for typical operation modes: start, braking, acceleration, and slowing down together with pathways of variable slope.From the two models, in addition to the dynamic aspects and performance of the electric vehicle, it is also possible to analyze other factors that are related with the design of an electric vehicle. Among several factors and different operation modes of an automobile, it can be performed, for example, the balance of torques (including the static friction torque, aerodynamic friction torque, viscous friction torque and the torque related with the weight of the car). In addition to the electromechanical aspects, the implemented model also allows estimating the car power consumption and their costs (electric energy) and the pollutant gas emissions (mainly CO2). In this paper, the values obtained for the commercial electric vehicle used as a reference are compared with those estimated to an equivalent car, which is equipped with an internal combustion engine.

   Transient modeling of an integrated charger for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
By Shuang ZHAO, Saeid HAGHBIN, Oskar WALLMARK, Mats LEKSELL, Sonja LUNDMARK, Ola CARLSON [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper considers a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PMSynRel) machine for anintegrated charger application for use in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The integrated chargerfunctionality means that the machine is also used when the battery is charged from the electrical grid. Afinite element model (FEM) is presented from which a transient model of the complete system is derived.The resulting model can be used for simulating and tuning the algorithms needed to synchronize themachine to the electrical grid and controlling the charging process.

   Vehicle Fuel Consumption Simulation Model using VHDL-AMS
By Takashi ABE, Syouta TAKAYAMA, Tsuyoshi HIGUCHI, Kimitoshi TSUJI, Koichi SHIGEMATSU [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The vehicle system is a multi-domain system that requires many branches of science and engineering. Therefore the development of the vehicle system requires the use of design methodologies that utilize simulations, which have grown increasingly sophisticated in recent years. This paper describes how VHDL-AMS is used to model of vehicle fuel consumption simulation. This model consists of the power-train, alternator and battery system that are the basic elements of the vehicle power network system. And also, the physical quantities of the powertrain and the fuel consumption are modeled as mechanical region. Finally, the fuel consumption is shown using proposed simulation model on the Japanese 10-15 mode and JC08 mode.

EPE 2011 - DS2b: Topic 18: Electrical Systems in Road Vehicles: Modelling, Simulation and Design Methods, Reliability Issues
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2011 ECCE Europe - Conference > EPE 2011 - Topic 18: Electrical systems in Road Vehicles > EPE 2011 - DS2b: Topic 18: Electrical Systems in Road Vehicles: Modelling, Simulation and Design Methods, Reliability Issues
	[return to parent folder]

	An electric vehicle model and a driving cycle for mail delivery use By Habib AL JED, Andre MIEZE, Jean-Michel VINASSA, Remi SIMON	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Door to door 4 Stops/km (DTD4SK) is a new driving cycle; it is presented and compared with standard ones. It simulates mail delivery missions with the most possible aggressive driving. In this study, the DTD4SK is compared with other standard and real life cycles on the basis of statistical parameters and the amount of the energy consumption of each one. A simulation based on Electric Vehicle (EV) model will also be presented and compared to experimental data collected on an EV executing the new driving cycle.

	Electric, Hybrid Electric and Combustion Engine Driven Cars and their Impact on Environment By Zdenek CEROVSKY, Pavel MINDL	[View] [Download]
Abstract: For vehicle comparison from point of view of green gas production it is necessary to add to the green gas production of the vehicle itself also the quantity that was necessary to produce the fuel for internal combustion engine ICE or the electric energy for electric vehicle. Only this attitude is objective. This paper reveals simulation results of CO2 emission produced by different types of car drives. Although electric vehicles are assumed like “zero emission vehicles” their CO2 path in dependence on the sources and technology of electric energy production (electric energy mix) is here calculated. In paper [20] Hybrid Electric Cars with Combustion Engine driven cars are compared. This paper compares Electric cars with Combustion Engine driven cars.

	Experimental and simulation methods for evaluation of electrical bicycle motor drives on riding profiles By Geraldo SINCERO, Jérôme CROS, Mehdi TAGHIZADEH KAKHKI, Carlos MARTINS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The performances of two commercial motors for low-cost electrical scooters are compared taking two different approaches, simulation and experimental testing. The simulation tool for brush and brushless dc motors is presented and will be used to simulate different riding profiles. Afterwards, the test bench that was developed is detailed to compare performance of light traction motors for scooter or bicycle on a same operation cycles. Finally, we present a comprehensive comparison of the dc motor and of the PM brushless dc motor, from the steady state waveforms, within a complete riding profile.

	Hardware-in-the-Loop Capable State-Space-Averaging Models for Power Converters in Discontinuous Conduction Mode considering Parasitic Component Behavior By Axel KIFFE, Sebastian FORMANN, Thomas SCHULTE, Jürgen MAAS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today’s standard method for testing electronic equipment in theautomotive industry. This always requires a real-time simulation of the plant and since powerelectronic devices are more and more important in automotive applications, real-time capable modelsof power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. Power converters are used in manydifferent applications in vehicles today (hybrid electric or electric powertrain, electric steeringsystems, DC-DC converters, etc.) which yields various power electronic topologies. Thereforeuniversal approaches would be advantageous, which allows the modeling of arbitrary topologieswithout any assumptions about the operating mode.This paper presents a new approach for the real-time simulation of power electronic circuits. It isshown, that the approach yields the same models as the state-space averaging method with correction,but also enables to consider higher harmonics in the discontinuous conduction mode of DC-DCconverters. The approach is also proven by simulation results.

	PSIM Dynamic Simulator for Analysis of SPHEV Operation By Jaeho CHOI, Deokyoung LIM, Novie Ayub WINDARKO	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes a PSIM simulator for the analytical approach of the HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) power train operation. For this research, a series-parallel type HEV (SPHEV) are chosen to apply the Forward-Facing approach simulation method. As the traction power of the series-parallel type HEV can be supplied from both of the ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) and the traction motor, the planetary gear is used for the mechanical connection among ICE, generator, and motor. For the ICE, a gasoline fuel type engine is selected and modeled with DC motor. IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and 3.7V 40Ah Lithium Polymer battery are chosen as a traction motor and ESS (Energy Storage System). DC/DC converter is used for the electrical connection between battery and DC-Link. After all components of the SPHEV power train have been designed and modeled separately, all components of SPHEV are assembled and controlled by the primary controller which is programed according to the desired driving strategy of HEV. Finally, some remarkable PSIM simulation results are discussed.

	Selection of a Semi-Empirical Model for use as a Real Time Model in a Virtual Fuel Cell By Rachel TAYLOR, Volker PICKERT, Matthew ARMSTRONG, John HOLDEN	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the process of selecting a semi-empirical fuel cell (FC) model for use in a real-time virtual PEM fuel cell system. A selection of FC models are reviewed using a list of key features and considering the final application of the model within a virtual fuel cell system (VFCS). As the model is intended for use within industry the selection process also considers ease of integration to existing industrial practices. From these, three suitable FC models were selected and evaluated analytically in greater detail. The chosen FC was then validated against results gathered from a Ballard Nexa 1.2kW FC.

	Simulation of a commercial electric vehicle: dynamic aspects and performance By Duarte SOUSA, António ROQUE, José TERRAS, André NEVES	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The introduction of electric propulsion chains in automobiles has been contributing to improve their efficiency and to reduce the local pollutant emissions. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a commercial electric vehicle is simulated and analyzed in order to compare the dynamic behavior and performance of an available electric vehicle (“Fiat Seicento Elettra”) using two simulation models. The vehicle was simulated using two different approaches to the mechanical modeling: one using a detailed approach for the mechanical parameters and forces applied to the vehicle chassis and the other, only based on the typical forces applied to a body representing this type of vehicle. The results obtained allow analyzing the dynamic behavior of the electric power chain, the autonomy, the state of charge of the batteries and the power balance for typical operation modes: start, braking, acceleration, and slowing down together with pathways of variable slope.From the two models, in addition to the dynamic aspects and performance of the electric vehicle, it is also possible to analyze other factors that are related with the design of an electric vehicle. Among several factors and different operation modes of an automobile, it can be performed, for example, the balance of torques (including the static friction torque, aerodynamic friction torque, viscous friction torque and the torque related with the weight of the car). In addition to the electromechanical aspects, the implemented model also allows estimating the car power consumption and their costs (electric energy) and the pollutant gas emissions (mainly CO2). In this paper, the values obtained for the commercial electric vehicle used as a reference are compared with those estimated to an equivalent car, which is equipped with an internal combustion engine.

	Transient modeling of an integrated charger for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle By Shuang ZHAO, Saeid HAGHBIN, Oskar WALLMARK, Mats LEKSELL, Sonja LUNDMARK, Ola CARLSON	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper considers a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PMSynRel) machine for anintegrated charger application for use in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The integrated chargerfunctionality means that the machine is also used when the battery is charged from the electrical grid. Afinite element model (FEM) is presented from which a transient model of the complete system is derived.The resulting model can be used for simulating and tuning the algorithms needed to synchronize themachine to the electrical grid and controlling the charging process.

	Vehicle Fuel Consumption Simulation Model using VHDL-AMS By Takashi ABE, Syouta TAKAYAMA, Tsuyoshi HIGUCHI, Kimitoshi TSUJI, Koichi SHIGEMATSU	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The vehicle system is a multi-domain system that requires many branches of science and engineering. Therefore the development of the vehicle system requires the use of design methodologies that utilize simulations, which have grown increasingly sophisticated in recent years. This paper describes how VHDL-AMS is used to model of vehicle fuel consumption simulation. This model consists of the power-train, alternator and battery system that are the basic elements of the vehicle power network system. And also, the physical quantities of the powertrain and the fuel consumption are modeled as mechanical region. Finally, the fuel consumption is shown using proposed simulation model on the Japanese 10-15 mode and JC08 mode.