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EPE 2009 - Subtopic 17-8 - DS: 'Rail Vehicles'
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2009 - Conference > EPE 2009 - Topic 17: 'Electrical Systems in Aerospace, Space, Surface and Marine Transport' > EPE 2009 - Subtopic 17-8 - DS: 'Rail Vehicles'
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	Control of Induction Machine Drive for Multisystem Locomotive: Design Considerations Regarding Problems of Conductive Currents Affecting Railway Safety System   By Zdenek PEROUTKA, Tomas GLASBERGER, Martin JANDA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper describes design of a new control and PWM algorithms for a main drive of a multisystem locomotive with special focus on investigation into the trolley-wire current which could disturb railway safety systems. Designed control is based on rotor flux oriented vector control in Cartesian coordinates which is unusually operated due to specific PWM in whole speed range. We employ a synchronous PWM based on a harmonic elimination strategy which is optimized regarding mitigation of the drive interaction with railway safety system. Verification of proper function of proposed control including trolley-wire current analysis has been done on designed laboratory prototype of locomotive drive. Major results of extensive experimental study made on this prototype are introduced in this contribution.
	Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Wheel Drive for Low-Floor Tram   By Zdenek PEROUTKA, Karel ZEMAN, Frantisek KRUS, Frantisek KOSTA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This contribution introduces proposed control of a wheel drive with permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) intended for a new generation of 100-percent low-floor trams. The proposed control is based on a field oriented control linked to a rotor flux. The control strategy consists of two control algorithms which are changed based on the rotor speed. The proposed control fully satisfies demanded drive dynamics and makes possible powerful load angle limitation of PMSM in field weakening. A proper function of designed control is verified by simulation results of tram drive prototype and by experiments made on both designed laboratory prototype of rated power of 10.7kW and recently developed tram Å KODA ForCity which employs investigated wheel drives. Furthermore, this paper discusses essential experience from tests of proposed drive control on the new tram Å KODA ForCity.
	High Voltage IGBTs in Medium Frequency Traction Power Supply    By Jan WEIGEL, Andreas NAGEL, Holger HOFFMANN	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: A converter system comprising series-connected converter submodules based on medium-frequency (MF)-DC/DC converters can replace the conventional traction transformer. This reduces mass and losses. The use of multilevel topology permits the connection to the HV catenary. A suitably chosen DC link voltage avoids excessively oversizing the power semiconductors, while providing sufficient redundancy. The medium-frequency switching performance of typical and dedicated 6.5kV IGBTs has been characterized and is discussed here (ZCS, ZVS).
	Impact of PWM switching on modeling of low frequency power oscillation in electrical rail vehicle   By HANA YOHANNES ASSEFA, STEINAR DANIELSEN, MARTA MOLINAS	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: For stability investigation of complex power systems, simplified system models are in need in order to reduce the model complexity and the simulation time. In this paper the effect of modelling a voltage source converter (VSC) for traction power system with and without the detailed pulse width modulated (PWM)-switch model is modeled in PSCAD and analyzed. The same disturbance is imposed for the two models and the low frequency oscillation of the DC- link voltage response is compared and analyzed. The effect of semiconductor switching on the stability limit of the system is also investigated. Furthermore, the performance of a PWM time delay compensation technique during transient is analyzed. The result shows that in the model including the switching the DC- link voltage oscillation is damped and has a better stability limit compared to the average model. In the detailed switching model a converter loss is included while in the average model a no loss ideal case scenario is considered. The delay in DC- link voltage control loop caused by the switching dead-time effect was improved by compensation of dead-time in the inverse-park transformation block of the control loop.The comparison of the compensated and non-compensated model proves that the compensated model is better in terms of the overshoot of amplitude of transient.
	LQ-optimized multivariable control for asingle-phase 50-kW, 16.7-Hz Railway TractionLine-Side Converter   By Martin OETTMEIER, Roman BARTELT, Carsten HEISING, Volker STAUDT, Andreas STEIMEL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Line-current harmonics and grid stability are major concerns for the control of a traction vehicle line-side converter. To achieve best dynamic performance the resonant circuit taking up the single-phase power pulsation has to be considered. This paper describes the derivation of a linear-quadratic (LQ)-optimized multivariable control fulfilling these requirements. Excellent operation is verified by measurement results.
	MODULAR APROACH IN BUILDING AUXILIARY SUPPLIES FOR TRACTION   By Neven COBANOV	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The paper describes a modular concept for building auxiliary supplies for traction. The main building blocks – modules are described. The merits of such approach are outlined: short development time, easy maintenance and redundant operation. The concept of two types of IGBT drive circuits used in modules is presented. In one type of drive circuit, the short circuit protection is not realized in the driver. Instead, the current is measured with conventional current sensor and the control circuits terminate the on signal. Measured results that illustrate the effectiveness of this method are shown. Mechanical design and cooling strategy is also presented. Measured characteristics of a supply, now in prototype production, are shown.
	New mobile energy storage system for rolling stock   By Michael MEINERT	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Today’s innovative technologies for Railway Electrification and Rolling Stock enable an energy efficient operation of railway vehicles supplied by the overhead contact line. In case there is no possibility to recover the braking energy, an onboard energy storage unit allows absorption of this energy for re-use. Therefore the energy consumption and the emission of “Greenhouse gases”, e.g. CO2, can be reduced significantly. But a second operation mode realized by an onboard energy storage unit is possible – the operation of such equipped rail vehicles on tracks without overhead contact lines. The introduction of the new Hybrid Energy Storage system Sitras® HES based on a new electrical connection to the common power supply voltage offers extended possibilities of the operation mode driving without overhead contact line. Consequently, increasingly arising requirement of customers due to aesthetical, environmental or operational reasons can be satisfied by the technology of onboard energy storage units. For both operating modes – energy-efficient operation and operation without overhead contact lines – valuable results and experiences in revenue service at MTS (Metro Transportes do Sul, S.A.) south of Lisbon, Portugal demonstrates the benefits of the new connection concept and the new energy storage system certified according to BOStrab (German Construction and Operating Code) by TÜV Süd GmbH, Germany.
	NOVEL TOPOLOGY OF TRACTION CONVERTER WITH SINGLE PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER   By Martin PITTERMANN, Pavel DRABEK, Marek CEDL	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents research motivated by industrial demand for special traction drive topology devoted to minimization of traction transformer weight of traction vehicles. The main attention has been given to the special traction drive topology for AC power systems: input high voltage trolley converter (single phase) – middle frequency transformer (single phase) – output converter (single phase voltage-source active rectifier + three phase voltage-source inverter) - traction motor. This configuration can minimize traction transformer weight against topology with classical 50Hz traction transformer. Several variants of innovative topologies of the traction vehicles fulfill the weight reduce requirements have been presented.
	Optimal Speed Control of a Train with On-board Energy Storage for Minimum Energy Consumption in Catenary Free Operation   By Masafumi MIYATAKE, Hiroto HAGA, Satoshi SUZUKI	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: The optimal operation of a rail vehicle with on-board energy storage device minimizing energy consumption in catenary free mode is discussed in this paper. The Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) is assumed as an energy storage device because of its high power density, long lifetime and quick charge/discharge. The proposed method can determine the optimal acceleration/deceleration at each sampling point under fixed running time between stations taking state of charge of the EDLC into account. The model can be used for planning train schedule and evaluation of energy consumption. Using the methods, simulations for a LRV were implemented in some cases. From the first simulation, the relation between running time and energy consumption and impact of running time on the optimal acceleration/deceleration are derived numerically. From the second simulation, optimal distribution of running time through two sections without quick charging is clarified. The trend of optimal solutions such as values of control inputs and energy consumption is finally discussed qualitatively.
	Power Electronics improving 3-Wire DC Railways Electrification   By JOAN RULL, JOAN BERGAS, Samuel GALCERAN, Andreas SUMPER, Jordi COVES-MORENO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Urban DC railway substations are growing in size due increasing capacity demand. Several challenges associated with the increase of power demand can be met using power electronics. The proposed system is based on DC-autotransformers and active rectifiers working similarly to those in 3-wire AC railway electrification system. Conventional simulation software (Idom-REPS-DC) has been adapted to the system. A real subway line and the same line with the proposed 3-Wire DC working in the same conditions are simulated. The global performance of the system and the preliminary sizing of the converters involved are evaluated.
	Sequential Regeneration Absorber using Lithium-ion batteries   By SHIMADA MOTOMI, Koji MURAO, Yasuhiro UEMURA, Ryoichi OISHI, Tadanori SATO, Shinji SATO	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: Regenerative power absorber for commuter train using lithium ion battery was developed. It is named ‘Sequential Regeneration absorber’. For some urban railway, power-feeding system using the third rails have been applied. But, at crossing point, the third rails can’t be equipped because of construction limit. The developed system would make it possible to decelerate vehicle continuously by charging power of regenerative brake if the third rails were not equipped. Also, in depot facility, some maintenance area does not have the third rail for safety and efficiency of maintenance job. The system will make it possible to move train easily and safely by battery power charged in advance. In our paper, functions and control strategy of the system and test results of trial run will be described.
	TEST BENCH FOR CONVERTERS RELIABILITY STUDIES FOR EV AND HEV ELECTRICAL VEHICLE APPLICATIONS   By Alain BERTHON, Moussa BENDJEDIA, Frederic GUSTIN, Gerard COQUERY, Jean-Michel MORELLE	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a test bench will be detailed in order to verify the reliability of new inverter prototypes for future EV and HEV electric motors. Cycling tests must be carried out in order to test the reliability of new components for inverters in the same conditions as in real vehicle. A test bench using 20-30 kW induction motor or brushless DC machines has been used. These machines are coupled with a DC motor in order to impose the load torque. Various mission profiles (ARTEMIS cycles) have been implemented in order to impose a load torque on the system for various real driving conditions (urban, jam, road and highway). Control system has been designed using the DS1005 board system from dSPACE. Due to the future development of hybrid electrical vehicles, it will be necessary to integrate power converters as closed as possible to the ICE (Internal Combustion Engine). So very high temperature will be imposed to electronics components (higher than 120°C). New packaging components have been designed by OEM Valeo and will be tested in real conditions on this testbench. Artemis cycles which define vehicle behaviour on different speed-torque conditions (highway, road, traffic jam and urban) are translated to inverter current stresses.
	Thermal Evaluation of a Medium Frequency Transformer in a Line Side Conversion System   By Tommy KJELLQVIST, Staffan NORRGA, Stefan ÖSTLUND, Kalle ILVES	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: A central part of a medium frequency conversion system is the transformer. A medium frequency transformer for railway propulsion may be stressed beyond 30kV with voltage slopes around 50kV/μs depending on topology while the geometric dimensions are small. A 170kVA transformer prototype operated at 4kHz has been developed and tested. A transient thermal model of the transformer is developed and verified experimentally. The transient thermal behavior is important in propulsion applications where the conversion system is often heavily overloaded. Simulations indicate that the overloading capability of the transformer is comparable to a conventional traction transformer. Experimental results are in good agreement with the model.
	Traction Converter with Medium-Frequency Transformer for Railway Applications: Direct Current Control of Primary Active Rectifiers   By Vojtech BLAHNIK, Zdenek PEROUTKA, Jan ZAK, Tomas KOMRSKA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This contribution deals with a new configuration of traction converter with medium-frequency transformer for multi-system suburban units and locomotives. This paper introduces control of primary voltage source active rectifiers with direct control of trolley current, presents simulation and experimental results of designed low-voltage laboratory prototype of traction converter of rated power of 12kW.
	Traction Single-Phase Current-Source Active Rectifier: Main Problems and Proposed Solutions   By Jan MICHALIK, Jan MOLNAR, Zdenek PEROUTKA	[View]   [Download]
Abstract: This research has been motivated by industrial demand for single-phase current-source active rectifier (CSAR) dedicated for reconstruction of older types of dc machine locomotives. This contribution presents a summary of main problems supported by description of developed control strategies. Theoretical principles and conclusions have been verified by simulations and large experimental study on designed laboratory prototype of 7kVA.