EPE Association: EPE 2009 - Topic 14-12 - DS (A): 'Energy Storage and Microgrid Systems'

EPE 2009 - Topic 14-12 - DS (A): 'Energy Storage and Microgrid Systems'
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2009 - Conference > EPE 2009 - Topic 14: 'Electrical Energy Generating Systems, Renewable Energy Systems' > EPE 2009 - Topic 14-12 - DS (A): 'Energy Storage and Microgrid Systems'

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   A global supervision for wind/hydro power plant and storage system connected to AC grid
By mehdi NASSER, Arnaud VERGNOL, JONATHAN SPROOTEN, BENOIT ROBYNS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes a global supervision for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), integrating fixed speed wind generators and variable speed small hydropower plant and a storage unit. This supervisor must improve the grid insertion of renewable distributed generations by associating it with a short-term storage unit. The supervision system is structured in four levels. Level 1 and Level 2 are considered in this paper. The supervisor for Level2 provides a total reference power while maximizing the power output of hydroelectric station, and smoothing the wind power. The supervisor for Level 1 provides an instantaneous reference power for each component of the hybrid system. The performance of this supervisor is shown with the help of simulations.

   A Peak Power Tracking Wind System Operating with a Controlled Load Structure for Stand-Alone Applications
By Mirela DRUGA, Cristian NICHITA, Georges BARAKAT, Brayima DAKYO, Emil CEANGA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This work is a contribution to the development of a small wind power system operating on isolated sites. This paper presents a specific peak power tracking method (MPPT) designed for low power wind systems, operating in autonomous mode. Tracking operation is performed with a battery control device associated to a controlled load system. Starting from the method principles and the system structural elements, a stand-alone wind power system was developed with a synchronous permanent magnet generator. The considered system structure performs the maximization of the wind energy conversion by adjusting the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator. The local network supply continuity is ensured by battery energy storage accumulation. The wind system configuration is based on a capacitor voltage control, associated to battery operation. In this case, the system operating mode without battery is allowed for short time periods. Manipulating the auxiliary loads, the batteryâ€™s life can be extended. The proposed system provides a good compromise between two power supply requirements: to maximize the wind energy conversion and to ensure the balance between required and produced power, considering in the same time the constraints imposed by the battery operation. The wind system should have important time delivery in order to minimize storage capacity. Using Matlab/Simulink (SimPower) environment, simulations have been performed in order to analyze the operating behavior of the considered system.

   Analysis of a VRB energy storage systemfor a tidal turbine generator
By Antonio TESTA, Salvatore DE CARO, Tommaso SCIMONE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Application of high efficiency energy storage techniques may stimulate in a near future a larger exploitation of renewable energy sources. Energy storage, in fact, not only can improve the quality of produced power, but also make possible the implementation of sophisticated energy management strategies, fully decoupling the power delivery from power generation. In such a scenario, Vanadium Redox Batteries Energy Storage Systems represent a quite mature technology. In fact, they are able to store large amounts of energy on medium and long periods with competitive costs. The purpose of this paper is to study the introduction of a VRB Energy Storage System in a standalone tidal turbine generator. The generator is tasked to supply a set of residential loads with minimal use of energy delivered from conventional generators burning fossil fuels. Optimization of the VRB storage system and stability analysis are performed by simulation in the time domain under different operating conditions.

   Analytical Model for PV â€“ Distributed Generators, suitable for Power Systems Studies
By Nikolaos PAPANIKOLAOU, Anastasios KYRITSIS, Emmanuel TATAKIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: As PV â€“ distributed generation (DG-PV) penetration increases, its reaction with various system disturbances (i.e. voltage drop, short circuit, frequency deviation) has to be taken into account during relative system studies. Though for Wind Farm Generation (WFG) a lot of effort has been made for the development of appropriate models, there is still a lot of progress to be done in the field of PV Generation modelling and especially for DG-PV. This paper presents an analytical model for the case of DG-PV containing a full bridge SPWM inverter, suitable for integration into power system studies. The model will be used to describe the DG-PV behavior under several typical system disturbances, both for the case of grid connection as for the case of an isolated microgrid. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment will be used in order to integrate the proposed DG-PV model into a system model.

   Central Storage Unit Response Requirement in â€˜Good Citizenâ€™ Microgrid
By Mike BARNES, Nilanga JAYAWARNA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper demonstrates how combination of passive loads, local energy storage, and renewable energy generation (a so-called â€˜Microgridâ€™) can be coordinated. Specifically, the paper examines the extent to which allowing the Microgrid voltage to fluctuate can be used to reduce the rating of the storage units and hence the cost of the Microgrid. The impact of system parameters is assessed. Results of analysis are tested on a simulation model, validated by hardware.

   Design study and optimization of a grid independent Wind/PV/Diesel system
By Rachid BELFKIRA, Georges BARAKAT [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this paper a methodology of sizing optimization of the stand-alone hybrid energy systems is presented. This approach makes use of a deterministic algorithm to suggest, among a list of commercially available system devices, the optimal number and type of units ensuring that the total costs of the autonomous hybrid wind/PV/Diesel, wind/Diesel and PV/Diesel energy systems are minimized while guaranteeing the availability of the energy. The obtained results show that the hybrid wind/PV/Diesel energy system has a lower total cost compared to the total costs of the hybrid wind/Diesel and PV/Diesel energy systems.

   Designing a Wind/Solar/Biomass Electricity Supply System For an Algerian isolated Village
By Mohamed KESRAOUI [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The design of a hybrid solar/wind/Biomass electrical energy supply system is presented. Power requirements for a typical Algerian isolated village and the sizing of the electrical circuit are described. Some simulation results on PV solar panels and wind turbines behavior for different temperatures and wind speeds respectively are also given. A power flow strategy is also proposed. The objective is to reduce the zero available power intervals and optimize the global system cost. The work aims to be a modest contribution to the implementation of the system.

   DICHOTOMIC ALGORITHM TO DRIVE A WIND MILL IN ASSOCIATION WITH PV PANELS FOR STAND ALONE ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCTION
By Oumar BA, Daniel DEPERNET, Alain BERTHON, Pape Alioune NDIAYE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper proposes an optimal energy recovery method in the case of a windmill, photovoltaic panels array and lead-acid batteries used for an islanded DC network. From renewable energy characteristics and especially power rates, we propose to drive the windmill and the PV array at optimal power by respectively a dichotomic algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Controller. The wind turbine drives an asynchronous generator at variable speed. The control of flux and torque of the generator is performed by a field oriented control and the speed is controlled by a proportional integral loop. System is simulated using Matlab-Simulink and a full scale test bench has been carried out in order to validate the control strategy.

   Energy Capacity Reduction of Energy Storage System in Microgrid Stabilized by Cascade Control System
By Shunsuke KAWACHI, Jumpei BABA, Takuro KIKUCHI, Eisuke SHIMODA, Shigeo NUMATA, Eisuke MASADA, Tanzo NITTA [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The hybrid control system, which is a combination of cascade control and local control, is proposed as a method to compensate power fluctuations caused by load and renewable energy sources in a microgrid with distributed power generation systems(DGs). The use of energy storage system(ESS) such as EDLC facilitates power compensation. However, since the energy capacities of these components are limited, the contol of their state of charge(SoC) is necessary. In this paper, a new method to control ESS's SoC which would enable power compensation with less energy capacity and with less effect to the compensation result is proposed. This method uses the feature of the cascade control that faster DG's reference is dependant on slower DG's output. The new method is implemented on EDLC in the model microgrid and its effectivity is verified by a simulation and a experiment. The result of the simulation and experiment in islanding mode is also reported in the paper.

   Impact of PWM Technique on the Operation of Ultra High Speed Induction Machines
By Rafael JARDAN, Istvan NAGY, Zoltan VARGA, Peter STUMPF [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The impact of PWM technique on the operation of ultrahigh speed induction machines (USIM) applied to generate electric power by utilizing renewable energy resources has been studied. The analysis was focused on the subharmonics of PWM wave generating high losses in USIM. The novel contribution is the description of a new special approach for the determination of subharmonics, the presentation of its results and their comparison to the theory known from literature and to the results obtained by computer simulations and laboratory tests. Both qualitative and quantitative serious discrepancies between the results of the new special approach verified by simulation and tests on the one hand and the familiar theoretical results are accentuated.

   Power Management Strategies of a DC-Coupled Hybrid Power System in a Microgrid for Decentralized Generation
By Tao ZHOU, Peng LI, Bruno FRANCOIS [View]
[Download]

Abstract: A classical wind energy conversion system is usually a passive generator. Its power does not depend on the grid requirement, but entirely on the fluctuant wind condition. In this paper a DC-coupled wind/hydrogen/super-capacitor hybrid power system is studied. The purpose of the control system is to coordinate these different sources, especially their power exchange, in order to make the generated power smooth and controllable. As results, an active wind generator can be built to provide some ancillary services to the grid. For that, the control system should be adapted to integrate the power management strategies. Two power management strategies are presented and compared experimentally. We found that the â€œpower dispatchingâ€ strategy has better performances on the grid power regulation than the â€œgrid followingâ€ strategy.

   Real time grid congestion management in presence of high penetration of wind energy
By Arnaud VERGNOL, Jonathan SPROOTEN, BenoÃ®t ROBYNS, Vincent RIOUS, Jacques DEUSE [View]
[Download]

Abstract: With the increased use of wind energy the power generation several Transmission System Operators (TSO) have increasing difficulties for congestion forecasting due to the unpredictable nature of the energy source. This paper proposes to enhance the congestion management using a real time supervisor. This supervisor is developed to perform automatic and dynamic re-dispatching using both wind and conventional generators. In order to reduce the production constraints to the minimum, the real time congestion management is based on an indicator of the efficiency of a re-dispatching on the power flowing in the overloaded line. This approach leads to reduced re-dispatching costs and increased network reliability. The simulation of the supervisor and the test grid is realized using by the EUROSTAG. It is shown that the real-time supervisor allows maximization of renewable production during congestions while ensuring network reliability.

   Survey on Microgrids: analysis of technical limitations to carry out new solutions
By Alvaro LLARIA, Octavian CUREA, Jaime JIMENEZ, Haritza CAMBLONG [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Microgrids (MGs) are one of the most promising electrical systems for the next years. Since the definition of the MG paradigm by the first time, the investigation in this area is growing continuously and there are numerous research projects in this moment over the world. This paper makes a survey focused on two important features of MGs: unplanned islanding detection algorithms and inverter control in islanding. Islanding is an inherent property of MGs: the possibility to disconnect them from the main grid in case of disturbance but without stopping the energy generation in the MG. According with this, the different kind of algorithms used to detect the islanding are studied and compared to know their advantages and limitations. Once in islanding, the inverters of the MG must fix new references of voltage and frequency by means of different control techniques. The paper concludes with the solution proposed by the authors: a wireless communication system based on ZigBee in order to exchange the control set point between the inverters.

EPE 2009 - Topic 14-12 - DS (A): 'Energy Storage and Microgrid Systems'
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2009 - Conference > EPE 2009 - Topic 14: 'Electrical Energy Generating Systems, Renewable Energy Systems' > EPE 2009 - Topic 14-12 - DS (A): 'Energy Storage and Microgrid Systems'
	[return to parent folder]

	A global supervision for wind/hydro power plant and storage system connected to AC grid By mehdi NASSER, Arnaud VERGNOL, JONATHAN SPROOTEN, BENOIT ROBYNS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes a global supervision for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), integrating fixed speed wind generators and variable speed small hydropower plant and a storage unit. This supervisor must improve the grid insertion of renewable distributed generations by associating it with a short-term storage unit. The supervision system is structured in four levels. Level 1 and Level 2 are considered in this paper. The supervisor for Level2 provides a total reference power while maximizing the power output of hydroelectric station, and smoothing the wind power. The supervisor for Level 1 provides an instantaneous reference power for each component of the hybrid system. The performance of this supervisor is shown with the help of simulations.

	A Peak Power Tracking Wind System Operating with a Controlled Load Structure for Stand-Alone Applications By Mirela DRUGA, Cristian NICHITA, Georges BARAKAT, Brayima DAKYO, Emil CEANGA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This work is a contribution to the development of a small wind power system operating on isolated sites. This paper presents a specific peak power tracking method (MPPT) designed for low power wind systems, operating in autonomous mode. Tracking operation is performed with a battery control device associated to a controlled load system. Starting from the method principles and the system structural elements, a stand-alone wind power system was developed with a synchronous permanent magnet generator. The considered system structure performs the maximization of the wind energy conversion by adjusting the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator. The local network supply continuity is ensured by battery energy storage accumulation. The wind system configuration is based on a capacitor voltage control, associated to battery operation. In this case, the system operating mode without battery is allowed for short time periods. Manipulating the auxiliary loads, the batteryâ€™s life can be extended. The proposed system provides a good compromise between two power supply requirements: to maximize the wind energy conversion and to ensure the balance between required and produced power, considering in the same time the constraints imposed by the battery operation. The wind system should have important time delivery in order to minimize storage capacity. Using Matlab/Simulink (SimPower) environment, simulations have been performed in order to analyze the operating behavior of the considered system.

	Analysis of a VRB energy storage systemfor a tidal turbine generator By Antonio TESTA, Salvatore DE CARO, Tommaso SCIMONE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Application of high efficiency energy storage techniques may stimulate in a near future a larger exploitation of renewable energy sources. Energy storage, in fact, not only can improve the quality of produced power, but also make possible the implementation of sophisticated energy management strategies, fully decoupling the power delivery from power generation. In such a scenario, Vanadium Redox Batteries Energy Storage Systems represent a quite mature technology. In fact, they are able to store large amounts of energy on medium and long periods with competitive costs. The purpose of this paper is to study the introduction of a VRB Energy Storage System in a standalone tidal turbine generator. The generator is tasked to supply a set of residential loads with minimal use of energy delivered from conventional generators burning fossil fuels. Optimization of the VRB storage system and stability analysis are performed by simulation in the time domain under different operating conditions.

	Analytical Model for PV â€“ Distributed Generators, suitable for Power Systems Studies By Nikolaos PAPANIKOLAOU, Anastasios KYRITSIS, Emmanuel TATAKIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: As PV â€“ distributed generation (DG-PV) penetration increases, its reaction with various system disturbances (i.e. voltage drop, short circuit, frequency deviation) has to be taken into account during relative system studies. Though for Wind Farm Generation (WFG) a lot of effort has been made for the development of appropriate models, there is still a lot of progress to be done in the field of PV Generation modelling and especially for DG-PV. This paper presents an analytical model for the case of DG-PV containing a full bridge SPWM inverter, suitable for integration into power system studies. The model will be used to describe the DG-PV behavior under several typical system disturbances, both for the case of grid connection as for the case of an isolated microgrid. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment will be used in order to integrate the proposed DG-PV model into a system model.

	Central Storage Unit Response Requirement in â€˜Good Citizenâ€™ Microgrid By Mike BARNES, Nilanga JAYAWARNA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper demonstrates how combination of passive loads, local energy storage, and renewable energy generation (a so-called â€˜Microgridâ€™) can be coordinated. Specifically, the paper examines the extent to which allowing the Microgrid voltage to fluctuate can be used to reduce the rating of the storage units and hence the cost of the Microgrid. The impact of system parameters is assessed. Results of analysis are tested on a simulation model, validated by hardware.

	Design study and optimization of a grid independent Wind/PV/Diesel system By Rachid BELFKIRA, Georges BARAKAT	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this paper a methodology of sizing optimization of the stand-alone hybrid energy systems is presented. This approach makes use of a deterministic algorithm to suggest, among a list of commercially available system devices, the optimal number and type of units ensuring that the total costs of the autonomous hybrid wind/PV/Diesel, wind/Diesel and PV/Diesel energy systems are minimized while guaranteeing the availability of the energy. The obtained results show that the hybrid wind/PV/Diesel energy system has a lower total cost compared to the total costs of the hybrid wind/Diesel and PV/Diesel energy systems.

	Designing a Wind/Solar/Biomass Electricity Supply System For an Algerian isolated Village By Mohamed KESRAOUI	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The design of a hybrid solar/wind/Biomass electrical energy supply system is presented. Power requirements for a typical Algerian isolated village and the sizing of the electrical circuit are described. Some simulation results on PV solar panels and wind turbines behavior for different temperatures and wind speeds respectively are also given. A power flow strategy is also proposed. The objective is to reduce the zero available power intervals and optimize the global system cost. The work aims to be a modest contribution to the implementation of the system.

	DICHOTOMIC ALGORITHM TO DRIVE A WIND MILL IN ASSOCIATION WITH PV PANELS FOR STAND ALONE ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCTION By Oumar BA, Daniel DEPERNET, Alain BERTHON, Pape Alioune NDIAYE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper proposes an optimal energy recovery method in the case of a windmill, photovoltaic panels array and lead-acid batteries used for an islanded DC network. From renewable energy characteristics and especially power rates, we propose to drive the windmill and the PV array at optimal power by respectively a dichotomic algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Controller. The wind turbine drives an asynchronous generator at variable speed. The control of flux and torque of the generator is performed by a field oriented control and the speed is controlled by a proportional integral loop. System is simulated using Matlab-Simulink and a full scale test bench has been carried out in order to validate the control strategy.

	Energy Capacity Reduction of Energy Storage System in Microgrid Stabilized by Cascade Control System By Shunsuke KAWACHI, Jumpei BABA, Takuro KIKUCHI, Eisuke SHIMODA, Shigeo NUMATA, Eisuke MASADA, Tanzo NITTA	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The hybrid control system, which is a combination of cascade control and local control, is proposed as a method to compensate power fluctuations caused by load and renewable energy sources in a microgrid with distributed power generation systems(DGs). The use of energy storage system(ESS) such as EDLC facilitates power compensation. However, since the energy capacities of these components are limited, the contol of their state of charge(SoC) is necessary. In this paper, a new method to control ESS's SoC which would enable power compensation with less energy capacity and with less effect to the compensation result is proposed. This method uses the feature of the cascade control that faster DG's reference is dependant on slower DG's output. The new method is implemented on EDLC in the model microgrid and its effectivity is verified by a simulation and a experiment. The result of the simulation and experiment in islanding mode is also reported in the paper.

	Impact of PWM Technique on the Operation of Ultra High Speed Induction Machines By Rafael JARDAN, Istvan NAGY, Zoltan VARGA, Peter STUMPF	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The impact of PWM technique on the operation of ultrahigh speed induction machines (USIM) applied to generate electric power by utilizing renewable energy resources has been studied. The analysis was focused on the subharmonics of PWM wave generating high losses in USIM. The novel contribution is the description of a new special approach for the determination of subharmonics, the presentation of its results and their comparison to the theory known from literature and to the results obtained by computer simulations and laboratory tests. Both qualitative and quantitative serious discrepancies between the results of the new special approach verified by simulation and tests on the one hand and the familiar theoretical results are accentuated.

	Power Management Strategies of a DC-Coupled Hybrid Power System in a Microgrid for Decentralized Generation By Tao ZHOU, Peng LI, Bruno FRANCOIS	[View] [Download]
Abstract: A classical wind energy conversion system is usually a passive generator. Its power does not depend on the grid requirement, but entirely on the fluctuant wind condition. In this paper a DC-coupled wind/hydrogen/super-capacitor hybrid power system is studied. The purpose of the control system is to coordinate these different sources, especially their power exchange, in order to make the generated power smooth and controllable. As results, an active wind generator can be built to provide some ancillary services to the grid. For that, the control system should be adapted to integrate the power management strategies. Two power management strategies are presented and compared experimentally. We found that the â€œpower dispatchingâ€ strategy has better performances on the grid power regulation than the â€œgrid followingâ€ strategy.

	Real time grid congestion management in presence of high penetration of wind energy By Arnaud VERGNOL, Jonathan SPROOTEN, BenoÃ®t ROBYNS, Vincent RIOUS, Jacques DEUSE	[View] [Download]
Abstract: With the increased use of wind energy the power generation several Transmission System Operators (TSO) have increasing difficulties for congestion forecasting due to the unpredictable nature of the energy source. This paper proposes to enhance the congestion management using a real time supervisor. This supervisor is developed to perform automatic and dynamic re-dispatching using both wind and conventional generators. In order to reduce the production constraints to the minimum, the real time congestion management is based on an indicator of the efficiency of a re-dispatching on the power flowing in the overloaded line. This approach leads to reduced re-dispatching costs and increased network reliability. The simulation of the supervisor and the test grid is realized using by the EUROSTAG. It is shown that the real-time supervisor allows maximization of renewable production during congestions while ensuring network reliability.

	Survey on Microgrids: analysis of technical limitations to carry out new solutions By Alvaro LLARIA, Octavian CUREA, Jaime JIMENEZ, Haritza CAMBLONG	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Microgrids (MGs) are one of the most promising electrical systems for the next years. Since the definition of the MG paradigm by the first time, the investigation in this area is growing continuously and there are numerous research projects in this moment over the world. This paper makes a survey focused on two important features of MGs: unplanned islanding detection algorithms and inverter control in islanding. Islanding is an inherent property of MGs: the possibility to disconnect them from the main grid in case of disturbance but without stopping the energy generation in the MG. According with this, the different kind of algorithms used to detect the islanding are studied and compared to know their advantages and limitations. Once in islanding, the inverters of the MG must fix new references of voltage and frequency by means of different control techniques. The paper concludes with the solution proposed by the authors: a wireless communication system based on ZigBee in order to exchange the control set point between the inverters.