EPE Association: EPE 2007 - Subtopic 16-8

EPE 2007 - Subtopic 16-8 - DS: Rail vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2007 - Conference > EPE 2007 - Topic 16: 'Electrical systems in aerospace, space, surface and marine transport' > EPE 2007 - Subtopic 16-8 - DS: Rail vehicles

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   Anti-slip Re-adhesion Control Based on Disturbance Observer Considering Bogie Vibration
By YASUKAWA Shinobu; KOSEKI Takafumi; SANO Takashi; SHIMIZU Yosuke; OHISHI Kiyoshi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In order to suppress slip phenomenon, we have already proposed anti-slip re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer, and we have confirmed that this system drives the train with high adhesion force utilization ratio. However, this system does not consider the vibration phenomenon of actual bogie dynamics of electric commuter train, tangential force estimation is affected by bogie vibration. Hence, the drive control system cannot determine the appropriate motor torque reference, and sometimes reduces the adhesion force utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new anti-slip re-adhesion control system based on the disturbance observer considering the first resonant frequency of bogie system. In order to confirm the validity of the performance of the proposed anti-slip re-adhesion control system, this paper confirms the validity of the proposed system by using the numerical simulation. This paper shows the numerical simulation results simulated using 4M1C motor car model which has a sensor-less vector control system. As the results, the proposed disturbance observer is effective for the vibration suppression of estimated tangential force. The numerical simulation results point out that the proposed adhesion control method has the fine performance on driving acceleration.

   Energy Consumption Analysis of FC-EDLC Hybrid Railway Vehicle by Dynamic Programming
By KONDO Keiichiro; WAKAO Shinji; OGAWA Tomoyuki; YOSHIHARA Hiroaki; KONDO Minoru [View]
[Download]

Abstract: In this study, we analyze energy consumption of FC-EDLC hybrid railway vehicle to reveal the energy reduction effect. To evaluate this effect properly, we adopt dynamic programming which is optimal control theory. Dynamic programming enables us to calculate energy consumption under optimized control of power sources. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship among reduction effect of energy consumption, device capacity, and line profiles. Finally, we reveal the energy consumption characteristics and the applicability of hybrid-power-source railway vehicle.

   ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND SIZING OF STORAGE DEVICES OF A HYBRID LOCOMOTIVE
By AKLI Cossi Rockys; ROBOAM Xavier; SARENI Bruno; JEUNESSE Alain [View]
[Download]

Abstract: The French national railways company (SNCF) is involved in a new project called PLATHEE (energy-efficient and environmentally friendly train platform) which aims at investigating and testing energy-efficient and environmentally friendly traction systems. In particular, the design of a hybrid locomotive called LHyDIE has been started at 2005. This paper presents a new methodology for the hybrid electric vehicle design which exploits an energy management strategy based on a frequency approach. In particular, the design of the LHyDIE prototype and the energy management strategy implemented aboard are presented. The study mainly focuses on the battery and supercapacitor sizing taking account of the intrinsic energetic characteristics of these sources (i.e. energy and power densities, typical operating frequency) in the energy management strategy. The analysis of feasible configurations of the traction device determined in compliance with the battery stress, the system cost and the diesel oil consumption criteria and volume constraints is presented.

   Increased recuperation efficiency by increment of the recuperation voltage to 1950V in a 1500V DC catenary system.
By MEERMAN Erwin; LIU Chris [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Measurement data show that by increasing the recuperation voltage from 1800V to the new maximum of 1950V, the recuperation efficiency can be increased from 50\% to 80\%. The energy saving for 127 train sets is approximately 11 mio kWh/year, i.e. approximately 1\% of the annual energy consumption of Dutch Railways.

   Numerical Analyses of Minimum Energy Operation of Multiple Trains under DC Power Feeding Circuit
By MIYATAKE Masafumi; KO Hideyoshi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: An algorithm optimizing total energy consumption of multiple inverter train operation considering DC feeding circuit is investigated in this paper. The proposed mathematical formulation can deal with several characteristics of trains, especially the effect of regenerative braking system. The developed optimization algorithm based on the gradient method is applicable to solve the formulated problems. The algorithm is ready to apply practical large-scale problems. The formulation and algorithm enables us to discuss energy-saving operation quantitatively. Several numerical analyses are demonstrated to verify the reliability and validity of the proposed method and clarify the energy-saving operation for two trains. The results shows that train speed profiles and control inputs strongly depend on the phase of departure times. The proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption by 4.2~17.9\% from that based on the conventional operation rule. These results indicates that the numerical analyses are significant to realize energy-saving operation. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the method can be applied to the optimal voltage control of a substation.

   Power Electronics Traction Transformer
By STEFANUTTI Philippe; PELLERIN Marc; HUGO Nicolas; AKDAG Alper [View]
[Download]

Abstract: With the new generation of full low floor passenger trains, the constraints of weight and size on the traction transformer are becoming stronger. The ultimate target weight for the transformer is 1 kg / kVA. The reliability and the efficiency are also becoming more important. To address these issues, a multilevel topology using medium frequency transformers has been developed. It permits to reduce the weight and the size of the system and improves the global life cycle cost of the vehicle. The proposed multilevel converter consists of sixteen bidirectional direct current converters (cycloconverters) connected in series to the catenary 15 kV, 16.7 Hz through a choke inductor. The cycloconverters are connected to sixteen medium frequency transformers (400 Hz) that are fed by sixteen four-quadrant converters connected in parallel to a 1.8 kV DC link with a 2f filter. The control, the command and the hardware of the prototype are described in detail.

   Quasi-Static Decoupled Load Flow Modelling of a Power Supply Network with AC-DC Converters Applied to Light Rail System
By SAUTREUIL Matthieu; RIU Delphine; RETIERE Nicolas; CHENH Sylvie [View]
[Download]

Abstract: Improving the braking energy recovery efficiency in light rail systems can reduce their energy consumption. In order to compare and quantify contribution of different technologies with respect to traditional light rail systems, a quasi-static decoupled load flow modelling of a power supply network with AC-DC converters has been developed by the authors. It uses an empiric model of uncontrolled rectifiers based on abacuses determined by simulation.

   Simulation results of Novel Energy Storage Equipment Series-Connected to the Traction Inverter
By TAGUCHI Yoshiaki; HATA Hiroshi; OHTSUYAMA Sumiaki; FUNAKI Tsuyoshi; IIJIMA Hiroyasu; OGASA Masamichi [View]
[Download]

Abstract: We developed novel energy-storage equipment that is series-connected to DC side of traction inverter of DC electric railway vehicle. When a train is powering and braking at a high-speed and the equipment boosts an input voltage of the traction inverter, the motor torque increases. Consequently, the mechanical brake force, compensating the electric brake force, becomes less. That leads to less energy dissipation. During the powering period, the acceleration of the train becomes larger due to the boosting operation of the equipment. The equipment charges a part of regenerated energy when it boosts the voltage during braking period, and discharges the stored energy when it boosts the voltage during accelerating period. In this paper, we selected electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) for the energy storage device of the equipment. Firstly, we explain the operational principle of the energy storage equipment: how to boost voltage at a desired level; how to charge and discharges the energy of the EDLC. Next, we described the circuit configuration and the control algorithm. Finally, we present simulation results to evaluate the performance of the energy storage equipment. According to the simulation results, the equipment charged/discharged the regenerated energy smoothly, and controlled the input voltage of the traction inverter at a desired level.

   Single-Phase Current-Source Active Rectifier for Traction Applications: New Control Strategy based on Phase Shift Controller
By MICHALIK Jan; MOLNAR Jan; PEROUTKA Zdenek [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This research has been motivated by industrial demand for single-phase current-source active rectifier (CSAR) dedicated for reconstruction of older types of dc machine locomotives operating on both ac catenary voltages of 25kV/50Hz and 15kV/16 ⅔Hz. This contribution presents new control strategy of CSAR using controller of phase shift angle between trolley wire voltage and current. Regarding possible interaction with railway control signalling and due to the low switching frequency, the designed converter employs synchronous PWM. This paper describes in detail proposed converter control and presents simulation results of the laboratory prototype. The simulation results and theoretical conclusions are verified by experiments performed on designed low power laboratory prototype of traction CSAR with rated power of 7kVA.

   Theoretical analysis of cancellation of DC-link current harmonics in the inverter-controlled DC electric railcar
By TAUFIQ Jat ; KONDO Keiichiro; WAKAO Shinji; TERAUCHI Nobuo ; OGAWA Tomoyuki [View]
[Download]

Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical studies on the DC-link current harmonics in the inverter-controlled DC electric railcar. First, we derive the mathematical expression of the harmonics. And comparison among a theoretical result, a numerical simulation result, and an experimental result is also presented for verification of the proposed theoretical analysis. Then this paper examines the harmonic cancellation effect of the phase shift operation by the derived mathematical expression.

EPE 2007 - Subtopic 16-8 - DS: Rail vehicles
You are here: EPE Documents > 01 - EPE & EPE ECCE Conference Proceedings > EPE 2007 - Conference > EPE 2007 - Topic 16: 'Electrical systems in aerospace, space, surface and marine transport' > EPE 2007 - Subtopic 16-8 - DS: Rail vehicles
	[return to parent folder]

	Anti-slip Re-adhesion Control Based on Disturbance Observer Considering Bogie Vibration By YASUKAWA Shinobu; KOSEKI Takafumi; SANO Takashi; SHIMIZU Yosuke; OHISHI Kiyoshi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In order to suppress slip phenomenon, we have already proposed anti-slip re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer, and we have confirmed that this system drives the train with high adhesion force utilization ratio. However, this system does not consider the vibration phenomenon of actual bogie dynamics of electric commuter train, tangential force estimation is affected by bogie vibration. Hence, the drive control system cannot determine the appropriate motor torque reference, and sometimes reduces the adhesion force utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new anti-slip re-adhesion control system based on the disturbance observer considering the first resonant frequency of bogie system. In order to confirm the validity of the performance of the proposed anti-slip re-adhesion control system, this paper confirms the validity of the proposed system by using the numerical simulation. This paper shows the numerical simulation results simulated using 4M1C motor car model which has a sensor-less vector control system. As the results, the proposed disturbance observer is effective for the vibration suppression of estimated tangential force. The numerical simulation results point out that the proposed adhesion control method has the fine performance on driving acceleration.

	Energy Consumption Analysis of FC-EDLC Hybrid Railway Vehicle by Dynamic Programming By KONDO Keiichiro; WAKAO Shinji; OGAWA Tomoyuki; YOSHIHARA Hiroaki; KONDO Minoru	[View] [Download]
Abstract: In this study, we analyze energy consumption of FC-EDLC hybrid railway vehicle to reveal the energy reduction effect. To evaluate this effect properly, we adopt dynamic programming which is optimal control theory. Dynamic programming enables us to calculate energy consumption under optimized control of power sources. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship among reduction effect of energy consumption, device capacity, and line profiles. Finally, we reveal the energy consumption characteristics and the applicability of hybrid-power-source railway vehicle.

	ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND SIZING OF STORAGE DEVICES OF A HYBRID LOCOMOTIVE By AKLI Cossi Rockys; ROBOAM Xavier; SARENI Bruno; JEUNESSE Alain	[View] [Download]
Abstract: The French national railways company (SNCF) is involved in a new project called PLATHEE (energy-efficient and environmentally friendly train platform) which aims at investigating and testing energy-efficient and environmentally friendly traction systems. In particular, the design of a hybrid locomotive called LHyDIE has been started at 2005. This paper presents a new methodology for the hybrid electric vehicle design which exploits an energy management strategy based on a frequency approach. In particular, the design of the LHyDIE prototype and the energy management strategy implemented aboard are presented. The study mainly focuses on the battery and supercapacitor sizing taking account of the intrinsic energetic characteristics of these sources (i.e. energy and power densities, typical operating frequency) in the energy management strategy. The analysis of feasible configurations of the traction device determined in compliance with the battery stress, the system cost and the diesel oil consumption criteria and volume constraints is presented.

	Increased recuperation efficiency by increment of the recuperation voltage to 1950V in a 1500V DC catenary system. By MEERMAN Erwin; LIU Chris	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Measurement data show that by increasing the recuperation voltage from 1800V to the new maximum of 1950V, the recuperation efficiency can be increased from 50\% to 80\%. The energy saving for 127 train sets is approximately 11 mio kWh/year, i.e. approximately 1\% of the annual energy consumption of Dutch Railways.

	Numerical Analyses of Minimum Energy Operation of Multiple Trains under DC Power Feeding Circuit By MIYATAKE Masafumi; KO Hideyoshi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: An algorithm optimizing total energy consumption of multiple inverter train operation considering DC feeding circuit is investigated in this paper. The proposed mathematical formulation can deal with several characteristics of trains, especially the effect of regenerative braking system. The developed optimization algorithm based on the gradient method is applicable to solve the formulated problems. The algorithm is ready to apply practical large-scale problems. The formulation and algorithm enables us to discuss energy-saving operation quantitatively. Several numerical analyses are demonstrated to verify the reliability and validity of the proposed method and clarify the energy-saving operation for two trains. The results shows that train speed profiles and control inputs strongly depend on the phase of departure times. The proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption by 4.2~17.9\% from that based on the conventional operation rule. These results indicates that the numerical analyses are significant to realize energy-saving operation. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the method can be applied to the optimal voltage control of a substation.

	Power Electronics Traction Transformer By STEFANUTTI Philippe; PELLERIN Marc; HUGO Nicolas; AKDAG Alper	[View] [Download]
Abstract: With the new generation of full low floor passenger trains, the constraints of weight and size on the traction transformer are becoming stronger. The ultimate target weight for the transformer is 1 kg / kVA. The reliability and the efficiency are also becoming more important. To address these issues, a multilevel topology using medium frequency transformers has been developed. It permits to reduce the weight and the size of the system and improves the global life cycle cost of the vehicle. The proposed multilevel converter consists of sixteen bidirectional direct current converters (cycloconverters) connected in series to the catenary 15 kV, 16.7 Hz through a choke inductor. The cycloconverters are connected to sixteen medium frequency transformers (400 Hz) that are fed by sixteen four-quadrant converters connected in parallel to a 1.8 kV DC link with a 2f filter. The control, the command and the hardware of the prototype are described in detail.

	Quasi-Static Decoupled Load Flow Modelling of a Power Supply Network with AC-DC Converters Applied to Light Rail System By SAUTREUIL Matthieu; RIU Delphine; RETIERE Nicolas; CHENH Sylvie	[View] [Download]
Abstract: Improving the braking energy recovery efficiency in light rail systems can reduce their energy consumption. In order to compare and quantify contribution of different technologies with respect to traditional light rail systems, a quasi-static decoupled load flow modelling of a power supply network with AC-DC converters has been developed by the authors. It uses an empiric model of uncontrolled rectifiers based on abacuses determined by simulation.

	Simulation results of Novel Energy Storage Equipment Series-Connected to the Traction Inverter By TAGUCHI Yoshiaki; HATA Hiroshi; OHTSUYAMA Sumiaki; FUNAKI Tsuyoshi; IIJIMA Hiroyasu; OGASA Masamichi	[View] [Download]
Abstract: We developed novel energy-storage equipment that is series-connected to DC side of traction inverter of DC electric railway vehicle. When a train is powering and braking at a high-speed and the equipment boosts an input voltage of the traction inverter, the motor torque increases. Consequently, the mechanical brake force, compensating the electric brake force, becomes less. That leads to less energy dissipation. During the powering period, the acceleration of the train becomes larger due to the boosting operation of the equipment. The equipment charges a part of regenerated energy when it boosts the voltage during braking period, and discharges the stored energy when it boosts the voltage during accelerating period. In this paper, we selected electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) for the energy storage device of the equipment. Firstly, we explain the operational principle of the energy storage equipment: how to boost voltage at a desired level; how to charge and discharges the energy of the EDLC. Next, we described the circuit configuration and the control algorithm. Finally, we present simulation results to evaluate the performance of the energy storage equipment. According to the simulation results, the equipment charged/discharged the regenerated energy smoothly, and controlled the input voltage of the traction inverter at a desired level.

	Single-Phase Current-Source Active Rectifier for Traction Applications: New Control Strategy based on Phase Shift Controller By MICHALIK Jan; MOLNAR Jan; PEROUTKA Zdenek	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This research has been motivated by industrial demand for single-phase current-source active rectifier (CSAR) dedicated for reconstruction of older types of dc machine locomotives operating on both ac catenary voltages of 25kV/50Hz and 15kV/16 ⅔Hz. This contribution presents new control strategy of CSAR using controller of phase shift angle between trolley wire voltage and current. Regarding possible interaction with railway control signalling and due to the low switching frequency, the designed converter employs synchronous PWM. This paper describes in detail proposed converter control and presents simulation results of the laboratory prototype. The simulation results and theoretical conclusions are verified by experiments performed on designed low power laboratory prototype of traction CSAR with rated power of 7kVA.

	Theoretical analysis of cancellation of DC-link current harmonics in the inverter-controlled DC electric railcar By TAUFIQ Jat ; KONDO Keiichiro; WAKAO Shinji; TERAUCHI Nobuo ; OGAWA Tomoyuki	[View] [Download]
Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical studies on the DC-link current harmonics in the inverter-controlled DC electric railcar. First, we derive the mathematical expression of the harmonics. And comparison among a theoretical result, a numerical simulation result, and an experimental result is also presented for verification of the proposed theoretical analysis. Then this paper examines the harmonic cancellation effect of the phase shift operation by the derived mathematical expression.